Literature

MachLine is the product of decades of research into high-speed aerodynamics and boundary element methods. We would be amiss to acknowledge the incredible contributions made by countless women and men who have contributed to this field since Ludwig Prandtl first started delving into the world of compressible flow. Truly, we stand on the shoulders of giants. Since MachLine builds on a long legacy of linear panel methods, we here present a number of relevant sources which will give the user insight into the workings of panel methods.

The following sources deal specifically with the development of MachLine itself:

• Goates, C., Development, Implementation, and Optimization of a Modern, Subsonic/Supersonic Panel Method, PhD Dissertation, Utah State University, 2023. May be downloaded here.
• Goates, C., Houser, A., and Hunsaker, D., "Implementation of MachLine: A Subsonic-Supersonic, Unstructured Panel Method," SciTech Forum, AIAA, National Harbor, MD, 2023.
• Houser, A. M., Goates, C. D., and Hunsaker, D. F., "Evaluation of the MachLine Subsonic-Supersonic Panel Code Against Experimental Results." SciTech Forum, AIAA, National Harbor, MD, 2023.
• Goates, C. and Hunsaker, D., "Development of a Subsonic-Supersonic, Unstructured Panel Method," AIAA SciTech Conference, San Diego, CA, 2022. (Note the pilot code is referred to in this work as TriPan. The name was changed after publication to avoid confusion with a separate aerodynamic code.)

These works represent a work in progress. For the best information regarding the theory and implementation of MachLine, the latest works should be consulted.

Some excellent introductory works are:

• Ward, G. N., Linearized Theory of Steady High-Speed Flow, Cambridge University Press, 1955.
• Erickson, L., "Panel Methods: An Introduction," NASA Technical Paper 2995, 1990.
• Katz and Plotkin, Low-Speed Aerodynamics, Cambridge University Press, 2 ed., 2001.

A thorough treatment of a previous attempt at a modern, unstructured, supersonic panel method is given in:

• Davis, J. D., A Higher-Order Method Implemented in an Unstructured Panel Code to Model Linearized Supersonic Flows, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, 2019.

While not a good introduction, the following sources were relied upon heavily during the development of MachLine and may prove useful to future developers:

• Ehlers, F. E., Epton, M. A., Johnson, F. T., Magnus, A. E., and Rubbert, P. E., “A Higher Order Panel Method for Linearized Supersonic Flow,” NASA Contractor Report 3062, 1979.
• Epton, M. A., and Magnus, A. E., “PAN AIR: A computer program for predicting subsonic or supersonic linear potential flows about arbitrary configurations using a higher order panel method. Volume 1: Theory document.” NACA-CR-3251, November 1981.
• Johnson, F. T., and Rubbert, P., “Advanced Panel-Type Influence Coefficients Methods Applied to Subsonic Flows,” 13th Aerospace Sciences Meeting, AIAA, Pasadena, CA, 1975.
• Johnson, F. T., “A General Panel Method for the Analysis and Design of Arbitrary Configurations in Incompressible Flows,” NASA Contractor Report 3079, 1980.

The field of boundary element methods is a vast and ever-changing one. We hope to have made a positive and lasting contribution to its landscape.