diff --git a/flake.nix b/flake.nix
index 0199b8cb..bb53bf5a 100644
--- a/flake.nix
+++ b/flake.nix
@@ -537,7 +537,7 @@
         */
         mkJupyterlabEval = customModule:
           pkgs.lib.evalModules {
-            specialArgs = {inherit self system pkgs mkJupyterlab;};
+            specialArgs = {inherit self system mkJupyterlab;};
             modules = lib.flatten (
               [./modules]
               ++ lib.optional (customModule != null) customModule
diff --git a/kernels/available/bash/module.nix b/kernels/available/bash/module.nix
index 43abbe6d..8115bd5f 100644
--- a/kernels/available/bash/module.nix
+++ b/kernels/available/bash/module.nix
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@
 import ./../../../modules/poetry.nix {
   kernelName = "bash";
   requiredRuntimePackages = [
-    config.nixpkgs.legacyPackages.${system}.bashInteractive
-    config.nixpkgs.legacyPackages.${system}.coreutils
+    config.nixpkgs.bashInteractive
+    config.nixpkgs.coreutils
   ];
 }
 args
diff --git a/kernels/available/c/module.nix b/kernels/available/c/module.nix
index 42811ff5..6847e335 100644
--- a/kernels/available/c/module.nix
+++ b/kernels/available/c/module.nix
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 } @ args:
 import ./../../../modules/poetry.nix {
   requiredRuntimePackages = [
-    config.nixpkgs.legacyPackages.${system}.stdenv.cc
+    config.nixpkgs.stdenv.cc
   ];
   kernelName = "c";
 }
diff --git a/kernels/available/elm/module.nix b/kernels/available/elm/module.nix
index 0fb70db6..25a2b817 100644
--- a/kernels/available/elm/module.nix
+++ b/kernels/available/elm/module.nix
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 } @ args:
 import ./../../../modules/poetry.nix {
   requiredRuntimePackages = [
-    config.nixpkgs.legacyPackages.${system}.elmPackages.elm
+    config.nixpkgs.elmPackages.elm
   ];
   kernelName = "elm";
 }
diff --git a/kernels/available/go/module.nix b/kernels/available/go/module.nix
index 61351924..9c926f6a 100644
--- a/kernels/available/go/module.nix
+++ b/kernels/available/go/module.nix
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
     name,
     ...
   }: let
-    requiredRuntimePackages = [config.nixpkgs.legacyPackages.${system}.go];
+    requiredRuntimePackages = [config.nixpkgs.go];
     args = {inherit self system lib config name kernelName requiredRuntimePackages;};
     kernelModule = import ./../../../modules/kernel.nix args;
   in {
diff --git a/kernels/available/haskell/module.nix b/kernels/available/haskell/module.nix
index f989628d..afd70940 100644
--- a/kernels/available/haskell/module.nix
+++ b/kernels/available/haskell/module.nix
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
     ...
   }: let
     requiredRuntimePackages = [
-      config.nixpkgs.legacyPackages.${system}.haskell.compiler.${config.haskellCompiler}
+      config.nixpkgs.haskell.compiler.${config.haskellCompiler}
     ];
     args = {inherit self system lib config name kernelName requiredRuntimePackages;};
     kernelModule = import ./../../../modules/kernel.nix args;
diff --git a/kernels/available/javascript/module.nix b/kernels/available/javascript/module.nix
index 6f3ef0c8..ccac4f07 100644
--- a/kernels/available/javascript/module.nix
+++ b/kernels/available/javascript/module.nix
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
     config = lib.mkIf config.enable {
       kernelArgs =
         {
-          ijavascript = config.nixpkgs.legacyPackages.${system}.nodePackages.ijavascript;
+          ijavascript = config.nixpkgs.nodePackages.ijavascript;
         }
         // kernelModule.kernelArgs;
     };
diff --git a/kernels/available/julia/module.nix b/kernels/available/julia/module.nix
index da8b966a..fe51e7c8 100644
--- a/kernels/available/julia/module.nix
+++ b/kernels/available/julia/module.nix
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
         };
         julia = lib.mkOption {
           type = types.package;
-          default = config.nixpkgs.legacyPackages.${system}.julia;
+          default = config.nixpkgs.julia;
           description = lib.mdDoc ''
             Julia Version
           '';
diff --git a/kernels/available/nix/module.nix b/kernels/available/nix/module.nix
index d7e1d897..6f1b5434 100644
--- a/kernels/available/nix/module.nix
+++ b/kernels/available/nix/module.nix
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 } @ args:
 import ./../../../modules/poetry.nix {
   requiredRuntimePackages = [
-    config.nixpkgs.legacyPackages.${system}.nix
+    config.nixpkgs.nix
   ];
   kernelName = "nix";
 }
diff --git a/kernels/available/r/module.nix b/kernels/available/r/module.nix
index edcd1881..0d15267a 100644
--- a/kernels/available/r/module.nix
+++ b/kernels/available/r/module.nix
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
       {
         rWrapper = lib.mkOption {
           type = types.package;
-          default = config.nixpkgs.legacyPackages.${system}.rWrapper;
+          default = config.nixpkgs.rWrapper;
           defaultText = lib.literalExpression "pkgs.rWrapper";
           description = lib.mdDoc ''
             R version from nixpkgs.
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 
         rPackages = lib.mkOption {
           type = types.attrs;
-          default = config.nixpkgs.legacyPackages.${system}.rPackages;
+          default = config.nixpkgs.rPackages;
           defaultText = lib.literalExpression "pkgs.rPackages";
           description = lib.mdDoc ''
             A set of R packages.
diff --git a/kernels/available/rust/module.nix b/kernels/available/rust/module.nix
index 1cc20bce..084ae330 100644
--- a/kernels/available/rust/module.nix
+++ b/kernels/available/rust/module.nix
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@
     ...
   }: let
     requiredRuntimePackages = [
-      config.nixpkgs.legacyPackages.${system}.cargo
-      config.nixpkgs.legacyPackages.${system}.gcc
-      config.nixpkgs.legacyPackages.${system}.binutils-unwrapped
+      config.nixpkgs.cargo
+      config.nixpkgs.gcc
+      config.nixpkgs.binutils-unwrapped
     ];
     args = {inherit self system lib config name kernelName requiredRuntimePackages;};
     kernelModule = import ./../../../modules/kernel.nix args;
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
       {
         evcxr = lib.mkOption {
           type = types.package;
-          default = config.nixpkgs.legacyPackages.${system}.evcxr;
+          default = config.nixpkgs.evcxr;
           example = lib.literalExpression "pkgs.evcxr";
           description = lib.mdDoc ''
             An evaluation context for Rust.
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@
         kernelModule.kernelArgs
         // {
           inherit (config) evcxr rust-overlay;
-          pkgs = import config.nixpkgs {
+          pkgs = import config.nixpkgs.path {
             inherit system;
             overlays = [config.rust-overlay.overlays.default];
           };
diff --git a/kernels/available/scala/module.nix b/kernels/available/scala/module.nix
index 7cc4dd18..c3a5085e 100644
--- a/kernels/available/scala/module.nix
+++ b/kernels/available/scala/module.nix
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
       {
         scala = lib.mkOption {
           type = types.package;
-          default = config.nixpkgs.legacyPackages.${system}.scala;
+          default = config.nixpkgs.scala;
           example = lib.literalExpression "pkgs.scala";
           description = lib.mdDoc ''
             Scala package to use with almond.
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 
         coursier = lib.mkOption {
           type = types.package;
-          default = config.nixpkgs.legacyPackages.${system}.coursier;
+          default = config.nixpkgs.coursier;
           example = lib.literalExpression "pkgs.coursier";
           description = lib.mdDoc ''
             Coursier package to use with almond.
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
 
         jdk = lib.mkOption {
           type = types.package;
-          default = config.nixpkgs.legacyPackages.${system}.jdk;
+          default = config.nixpkgs.jdk;
           example = lib.literalExpression "pkgs.jdk";
           description = lib.mdDoc ''
             JDK package to use with almond.
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
 
         jre = lib.mkOption {
           type = types.package;
-          default = config.nixpkgs.legacyPackages.${system}.jre;
+          default = config.nixpkgs.jre;
           example = lib.literalExpression "pkgs.jre";
           description = lib.mdDoc ''
             JRE package to use with almond.
diff --git a/kernels/available/zsh/module.nix b/kernels/available/zsh/module.nix
index db3425f4..cd50959a 100644
--- a/kernels/available/zsh/module.nix
+++ b/kernels/available/zsh/module.nix
@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@
 } @ args:
 import ./../../../modules/poetry.nix {
   requiredRuntimePackages = [
-    config.nixpkgs.legacyPackages.${system}.zsh
-    config.nixpkgs.legacyPackages.${system}.coreutils
+    config.nixpkgs.zsh
+    config.nixpkgs.coreutils
   ];
   kernelName = "zsh";
 }
diff --git a/modules/default.nix b/modules/default.nix
index 9741fdec..a6acc528 100644
--- a/modules/default.nix
+++ b/modules/default.nix
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
   config,
   lib,
   mkJupyterlab,
+  system,
   ...
 }: let
   types = lib.types;
@@ -27,11 +28,7 @@ in {
       internal = true;
     };
 
-    nixpkgs = lib.mkOption {
-      type = types.path;
-      default = self.inputs.nixpkgs;
-      internal = true;
-    };
+    nixpkgs = import ./types/nixpkgs.nix {inherit lib self system;};
   };
 
   imports = [
@@ -77,5 +74,6 @@ in {
       runtimePackages = config.jupyterlab.runtimePackages;
       #flakes = config.flakes;
     };
+    _module.args.pkgs = config.nixpkgs;
   };
 }
diff --git a/modules/kernel.nix b/modules/kernel.nix
index 00c60d0d..727c447b 100644
--- a/modules/kernel.nix
+++ b/modules/kernel.nix
@@ -54,15 +54,7 @@ in {
       '';
     };
 
-    nixpkgs = lib.mkOption {
-      type = types.path;
-      default = self.inputs.nixpkgs;
-      defaultText = lib.literalExpression "self.inputs.nixpkgs";
-      example = lib.literalExpression "self.inputs.nixpkgs";
-      description = lib.mdDoc ''
-        nixpkgs flake input to be used for this ${kernelName} kernel.
-      '';
-    };
+    nixpkgs = import ./types/nixpkgs.nix {inherit lib self system;};
 
     kernelArgs = lib.mkOption {
       type = types.lazyAttrsOf types.raw;
@@ -80,6 +72,6 @@ in {
       requiredRuntimePackages
       runtimePackages
       ;
-    pkgs = config.nixpkgs.legacyPackages.${system};
+    pkgs = config.nixpkgs;
   };
 }
diff --git a/modules/poetry.nix b/modules/poetry.nix
index 627f7c11..24678474 100644
--- a/modules/poetry.nix
+++ b/modules/poetry.nix
@@ -19,134 +19,7 @@
     kernelModule = import ./kernel.nix args;
   in {
     options =
-      {
-        projectDir = lib.mkOption {
-          type = types.path;
-          default = self + "/kernels/available/${kernelName}";
-          defaultText = lib.literalExpression "self + \"/kernels/available/${kernelName}\"";
-          example = lib.literalExpression "self + \"/kernels/${kernelName}\"";
-          description = lib.mdDoc ''
-            Path to the root of the poetry project that provides this ${kernelName}
-            kernel.
-          '';
-        };
-
-        pyproject = lib.mkOption {
-          type = types.path;
-          default = config.projectDir + "/pyproject.toml";
-          defaultText = lib.literalExpression "kernel.${kernelName}.<name>.projectDir + \"/pyproject.toml\"";
-          example = lib.literalExpression "self + \"/kernels/${kernelName}/pyproject.toml\"";
-          description = ''
-            Path to `pyproject.toml` of the poetry project that provides this
-            ${kernelName} kernel.
-          '';
-        };
-
-        poetrylock = lib.mkOption {
-          type = types.path;
-          default = config.projectDir + "/poetry.lock";
-          defaultText = lib.literalExpression "kernel.${kernelName}.<name>.projectDir + \"/poetry.lock\"";
-          example = lib.literalExpression "self + \"/kernels/${kernelName}/poetry.lock\"";
-          description = ''
-            Path to `poetry.lock` of the poetry project that provides this
-            ${kernelName} kernel.
-          '';
-        };
-
-        overrides = lib.mkOption {
-          type = types.path;
-          default = self + "/kernels/available/${kernelName}/overrides.nix";
-          defaultText = lib.literalExpression "self + \"/kernels/available/${kernelName}/overrides.nix\"";
-          example = lib.literalExpression "self + \"/kernels/${kernelName}/overrides.nix\"";
-          description = ''
-            Path to `overrides.nix` file which provides python package overrides
-            for this ${kernelName} kernel.
-          '';
-        };
-
-        withDefaultOverrides = lib.mkOption {
-          type = types.bool;
-          default = true;
-          example = lib.literalExpression "false";
-          description = ''
-            Should we use default overrides provided by `poetry2nix`.
-          '';
-        };
-
-        python = lib.mkOption {
-          type = types.str;
-          default = "python3";
-          example = "python310";
-          description = lib.mdDoc ''
-            Name of the python interpreter (from nixpkgs) to be used for this
-            ${kernelName} kernel.
-          '';
-        };
-
-        editablePackageSources = lib.mkOption {
-          type = types.attrsOf (types.nullOr types.path);
-          default = {};
-          example = lib.literalExpression "{}";
-          description = ''
-            A mapping from package name to source directory, these will be
-            installed in editable mode. Note that path dependencies with `develop
-            = true` will be installed in editable mode unless explicitly passed
-            to `editablePackageSources` as `null`.
-          '';
-        };
-
-        extraPackages = lib.mkOption {
-          type = types.functionTo (types.listOf types.package);
-          default = ps: [];
-          defaultText = lib.literalExpression "ps: []";
-          example = lib.literalExpression "ps: [ps.numpy]";
-          description = ''
-            A function taking a Python package set and returning a list of extra
-            packages to include in the environment. This is intended for
-            packages deliberately not added to `pyproject.toml` that you still
-            want to include. An example of such a package may be `pip`.
-          '';
-        };
-
-        preferWheels = lib.mkOption {
-          type = types.bool;
-          default = false;
-          example = lib.literalExpression "true";
-          description = lib.mdDoc ''
-            Use wheels rather than sdist as much as possible.
-          '';
-        };
-
-        groups = lib.mkOption {
-          type = types.listOf types.str;
-          default = ["dev"];
-          defaultText = lib.literalExpression "[\"dev\"]";
-          example = lib.literalExpression ''["dev" "doc"]'';
-          description = lib.mdDoc ''
-            Which Poetry 1.2.0+ dependency groups to install for this ${kernelName}
-            kernel.
-          '';
-        };
-
-        poetry2nix = lib.mkOption {
-          type = types.path;
-          default = self.inputs.poetry2nix;
-          defaultText = lib.literalExpression "self.inputs.poetry2nix";
-          example = lib.literalExpression "self.inputs.poetry2nix";
-          description = lib.mdDoc ''
-            poetry2nix flake input to be used for this ${kernelName} kernel.
-          '';
-        };
-
-        ignoreCollisions = lib.mkOption {
-          type = types.bool;
-          default = false;
-          example = lib.literalExpression "true";
-          description = lib.mdDoc ''
-            Ignore file collisions inside the environment.
-          '';
-        };
-      }
+      import ./types/poetry.nix {inherit lib self config kernelName;}
       // kernelModule.options;
 
     config = lib.mkIf config.enable {
@@ -163,7 +36,7 @@
             groups
             ignoreCollisions
             ;
-          pkgs = config.nixpkgs.legacyPackages.${system};
+          pkgs = config.nixpkgs;
           python = pkgs.${config.python};
           poetry = pkgs.callPackage "${config.poetry2nix}/pkgs/poetry" {inherit python;};
           poetry2nix = import "${config.poetry2nix}/default.nix" {inherit pkgs poetry;};
diff --git a/modules/types/nixpkgs.nix b/modules/types/nixpkgs.nix
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..26370ad0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/modules/types/nixpkgs.nix
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+{
+  lib,
+  self,
+  system,
+}: let
+  nixpkgsArg = x:
+    if (lib.hasAttr "legacyPackages" x)
+    then x.legacyPackages.${system}
+    else x;
+in
+  lib.mkOption {
+    type = lib.mkOptionType {
+      name = "packages";
+      description = "instance of nixpkgs";
+      check = x: (lib.isAttrs (nixpkgsArg x)) && (lib.hasAttr "path" (nixpkgsArg x));
+    };
+    default = self.inputs.nixpkgs;
+    defaultText = lib.literalExpression "self.inputs.nixpkgs";
+    example = lib.literalExpression "self.inputs.nixpkgs";
+    description = lib.mdDoc ''
+      nixpkgs flake input to be used for jupyenv
+    '';
+    apply = x: nixpkgsArg x;
+  }
diff --git a/modules/types/poetry.nix b/modules/types/poetry.nix
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e953aaca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/modules/types/poetry.nix
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+{
+  lib,
+  self,
+  kernelName ? "",
+  config,
+}: let
+  inherit (lib) types;
+in {
+  projectDir = lib.mkOption {
+    type = types.path;
+    default = self + "/kernels/available/${kernelName}";
+    defaultText = lib.literalExpression "self + \"/kernels/available/${kernelName}\"";
+    example = lib.literalExpression "self + \"/kernels/${kernelName}\"";
+    description = lib.mdDoc ''
+      Path to the root of the poetry project that provides this ${kernelName}
+      kernel.
+    '';
+  };
+
+  pyproject = lib.mkOption {
+    type = types.path;
+    default = config.projectDir + "/pyproject.toml";
+    defaultText = lib.literalExpression "kernel.${kernelName}.<name>.projectDir + \"/pyproject.toml\"";
+    example = lib.literalExpression "self + \"/kernels/${kernelName}/pyproject.toml\"";
+    description = ''
+      Path to `pyproject.toml` of the poetry project that provides this
+      ${kernelName} kernel.
+    '';
+  };
+
+  poetrylock = lib.mkOption {
+    type = types.path;
+    default = config.projectDir + "/poetry.lock";
+    defaultText = lib.literalExpression "kernel.${kernelName}.<name>.projectDir + \"/poetry.lock\"";
+    example = lib.literalExpression "self + \"/kernels/${kernelName}/poetry.lock\"";
+    description = ''
+      Path to `poetry.lock` of the poetry project that provides this
+      ${kernelName} kernel.
+    '';
+  };
+
+  overrides = lib.mkOption {
+    type = types.path;
+    default = self + "/kernels/available/${kernelName}/overrides.nix";
+    defaultText = lib.literalExpression "self + \"/kernels/available/${kernelName}/overrides.nix\"";
+    example = lib.literalExpression "self + \"/kernels/${kernelName}/overrides.nix\"";
+    description = ''
+      Path to `overrides.nix` file which provides python package overrides
+      for this ${kernelName} kernel.
+    '';
+  };
+
+  withDefaultOverrides = lib.mkOption {
+    type = types.bool;
+    default = true;
+    example = lib.literalExpression "false";
+    description = ''
+      Should we use default overrides provided by `poetry2nix`.
+    '';
+  };
+
+  python = lib.mkOption {
+    type = types.str;
+    default = "python3";
+    example = "python310";
+    description = lib.mdDoc ''
+      Name of the python interpreter (from nixpkgs) to be used for this
+      ${kernelName} kernel.
+    '';
+  };
+
+  editablePackageSources = lib.mkOption {
+    type = types.attrsOf (types.nullOr types.path);
+    default = {};
+    example = lib.literalExpression "{}";
+    description = ''
+      A mapping from package name to source directory, these will be
+      installed in editable mode. Note that path dependencies with `develop
+      = true` will be installed in editable mode unless explicitly passed
+      to `editablePackageSources` as `null`.
+    '';
+  };
+
+  extraPackages = lib.mkOption {
+    type = types.functionTo (types.listOf types.package);
+    default = ps: [];
+    defaultText = lib.literalExpression "ps: []";
+    example = lib.literalExpression "ps: [ps.numpy]";
+    description = ''
+      A function taking a Python package set and returning a list of extra
+      packages to include in the environment. This is intended for
+      packages deliberately not added to `pyproject.toml` that you still
+      want to include. An example of such a package may be `pip`.
+    '';
+  };
+
+  preferWheels = lib.mkOption {
+    type = types.bool;
+    default = false;
+    example = lib.literalExpression "true";
+    description = lib.mdDoc ''
+      Use wheels rather than sdist as much as possible.
+    '';
+  };
+
+  groups = lib.mkOption {
+    type = types.listOf types.str;
+    default = ["dev"];
+    defaultText = lib.literalExpression "[\"dev\"]";
+    example = lib.literalExpression ''["dev" "doc"]'';
+    description = lib.mdDoc ''
+      Which Poetry 1.2.0+ dependency groups to install for this ${kernelName}
+      kernel.
+    '';
+  };
+
+  poetry2nix = lib.mkOption {
+    type = types.path;
+    default = self.inputs.poetry2nix;
+    defaultText = lib.literalExpression "self.inputs.poetry2nix";
+    example = lib.literalExpression "self.inputs.poetry2nix";
+    description = lib.mdDoc ''
+      poetry2nix flake input to be used for this ${kernelName} kernel.
+    '';
+  };
+
+  ignoreCollisions = lib.mkOption {
+    type = types.bool;
+    default = false;
+    example = lib.literalExpression "true";
+    description = lib.mdDoc ''
+      Ignore file collisions inside the environment.
+    '';
+  };
+}
diff --git a/template/flake.nix b/template/flake.nix
index f50c8706..85f825f7 100644
--- a/template/flake.nix
+++ b/template/flake.nix
@@ -20,7 +20,8 @@
     flake-utils,
     nixpkgs,
     jupyenv,
-  }:
+    ...
+  } @ inputs:
     flake-utils.lib.eachSystem
     [
       flake-utils.lib.system.x86_64-linux
@@ -28,7 +29,10 @@
     (
       system: let
         inherit (jupyenv.lib.${system}) mkJupyterlabNew;
-        jupyterlab = mkJupyterlabNew (import ./kernels.nix);
+        jupyterlab = mkJupyterlabNew ({...}: {
+          nixpkgs = inputs.nixpkgs;
+          imports = [(import ./kernels.nix)];
+        });
       in rec {
         packages = {inherit jupyterlab;};
         packages.default = jupyterlab;