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Breaking Changes

0.3.0

Ruff 2024.2 style

The formatter now formats code according to the Ruff 2024.2 style guide. Read the changelog for a detailed list of stabilized style changes.

isort: Use one blank line after imports in typing stub files (#9971)

Previously, Ruff used one or two blank lines (or the number configured by isort.lines-after-imports) after imports in typing stub files (.pyi files). The typing style guide for stubs recommends using at most 1 blank line for grouping. As of this release, isort now always uses one blank line after imports in stub files, the same as the formatter.

build is no longer excluded by default (#10093)

Ruff maintains a list of directories and files that are excluded by default. This list now consists of the following patterns:

  • .bzr
  • .direnv
  • .eggs
  • .git
  • .git-rewrite
  • .hg
  • .ipynb_checkpoints
  • .mypy_cache
  • .nox
  • .pants.d
  • .pyenv
  • .pytest_cache
  • .pytype
  • .ruff_cache
  • .svn
  • .tox
  • .venv
  • .vscode
  • __pypackages__
  • _build
  • buck-out
  • dist
  • node_modules
  • site-packages
  • venv

Previously, the build directory was included in this list. However, the build directory tends to be a not-unpopular directory name, and excluding it by default caused confusion. Ruff now no longer excludes build except if it is excluded by a .gitignore file or because it is listed in extend-exclude.

--format is no longer a valid rule or linter command option

Previously, ruff rule and ruff linter accepted the --format <FORMAT> option as an alias for --output-format. Ruff no longer supports this alias. Please use ruff rule --output-format <FORMAT> and ruff linter --output-format <FORMAT> instead.

0.1.9

site-packages is now excluded by default (#5513)

Ruff maintains a list of default exclusions, which now consists of the following patterns:

  • .bzr
  • .direnv
  • .eggs
  • .git-rewrite
  • .git
  • .hg
  • .ipynb_checkpoints
  • .mypy_cache
  • .nox
  • .pants.d
  • .pyenv
  • .pytest_cache
  • .pytype
  • .ruff_cache
  • .svn
  • .tox
  • .venv
  • .vscode
  • __pypackages__
  • _build
  • buck-out
  • build
  • dist
  • node_modules
  • site-packages
  • venv

Previously, the site-packages directory was not excluded by default. While site-packages tends to be excluded anyway by virtue of the .venv exclusion, this may not be the case when using Ruff from VS Code outside a virtual environment.

0.1.0

The deprecated format setting has been removed

Ruff previously used the format setting, --format CLI option, and RUFF_FORMAT environment variable to configure the output format of the CLI. This usage was deprecated in v0.0.291 — the format setting is now used to control Ruff's code formatting. As of this release:

  • The format setting cannot be used to configure the output format, use output-format instead
  • The RUFF_FORMAT environment variable is ignored, use RUFF_OUTPUT_FORMAT instead
  • The --format option has been removed from ruff check, use --output-format instead

Unsafe fixes are not applied by default (#7769)

Ruff labels fixes as "safe" and "unsafe". The meaning and intent of your code will be retained when applying safe fixes, but the meaning could be changed when applying unsafe fixes. Previously, unsafe fixes were always displayed and applied when fixing was enabled. Now, unsafe fixes are hidden by default and not applied. The --unsafe-fixes flag or unsafe-fixes configuration option can be used to enable unsafe fixes.

See the docs for details.

Remove formatter-conflicting rules from the default rule set (#7900)

Previously, Ruff enabled all implemented rules in Pycodestyle (E) by default. Ruff now only includes the Pycodestyle prefixes E4, E7, and E9 to exclude rules that conflict with automatic formatters. Consequently, the stable rule set no longer includes line-too-long (E501) and mixed-spaces-and-tabs (E101). Other excluded Pycodestyle rules include whitespace enforcement in E1 and E2; these rules are currently in preview, and are already omitted by default.

This change only affects those using Ruff under its default rule set. Users that include E in their select will experience no change in behavior.

0.0.288

Remove support for emoji identifiers (#7212)

Previously, Ruff supported the non-standard compliant emoji identifiers e.g. 📦 = 1. We decided to remove this non-standard language extension, and Ruff now reports syntax errors for emoji identifiers in your code, the same as CPython.

Improved GitLab fingerprints (#7203)

GitLab uses fingerprints to identify new, existing, or fixed violations. Previously, Ruff included the violation's position in the fingerprint. Using the location has the downside that changing any code before the violation causes the fingerprint to change, resulting in GitLab reporting one fixed and one new violation even though it is a pre-existing violation.

Ruff now uses a more stable location-agnostic fingerprint to minimize that existing violations incorrectly get marked as fixed and re-reported as new violations.

Expect GitLab to report each pre-existing violation in your project as fixed and a new violation in your Ruff upgrade PR.

0.0.283 / 0.284

The target Python version now defaults to 3.8 instead of 3.10 (#6397)

Previously, when a target Python version was not specified, Ruff would use a default of Python 3.10. However, it is safer to default to an older Python version to avoid assuming the availability of new features. We now default to the oldest supported Python version which is currently Python 3.8.

(We still support Python 3.7 but since it has reached EOL we've decided not to make it the default here.)

Note this change was announced in 0.0.283 but not active until 0.0.284.

0.0.277

.ipynb_checkpoints, .pyenv, .pytest_cache, and .vscode are now excluded by default (#5513)

Ruff maintains a list of default exclusions, which now consists of the following patterns:

  • .bzr
  • .direnv
  • .eggs
  • .git
  • .git-rewrite
  • .hg
  • .ipynb_checkpoints
  • .mypy_cache
  • .nox
  • .pants.d
  • .pyenv
  • .pytest_cache
  • .pytype
  • .ruff_cache
  • .svn
  • .tox
  • .venv
  • .vscode
  • __pypackages__
  • _build
  • buck-out
  • build
  • dist
  • node_modules
  • venv

Previously, the .ipynb_checkpoints, .pyenv, .pytest_cache, and .vscode directories were not excluded by default. This change brings Ruff's default exclusions in line with other tools like Black.

0.0.276

The keep-runtime-typing setting has been reinstated (#5470)

The keep-runtime-typing setting has been reinstated with revised semantics. This setting was removed in #4427, as it was equivalent to ignoring the UP006 and UP007 rules via Ruff's standard ignore mechanism.

Taking UP006 (rewrite List[int] to list[int]) as an example, the setting now behaves as follows:

  • On Python 3.7 and Python 3.8, setting keep-runtime-typing = true will cause Ruff to ignore UP006 violations, even if from __future__ import annotations is present in the file. While such annotations are valid in Python 3.7 and Python 3.8 when combined with from __future__ import annotations, they aren't supported by libraries like Pydantic and FastAPI, which rely on runtime type checking.
  • On Python 3.9 and above, the setting has no effect, as list[int] is a valid type annotation, and libraries like Pydantic and FastAPI support it without issue.

In short: keep-runtime-typing can be used to ensure that Ruff doesn't introduce type annotations that are not supported at runtime by the current Python version, which are unsupported by libraries like Pydantic and FastAPI.

Note that this is not a breaking change, but is included here to complement the previous removal of keep-runtime-typing.

0.0.268

The keep-runtime-typing setting has been removed (#4427)

Enabling the keep-runtime-typing option, located under the pyupgrade section, is equivalent to ignoring the UP006 and UP007 rules via Ruff's standard ignore mechanism. As there's no need for a dedicated setting to disable these rules, the keep-runtime-typing option has been removed.

0.0.267

update-check is no longer a valid configuration option (#4313)

The update-check functionality was deprecated in #2530, in that the behavior itself was removed, and Ruff was changed to warn when that option was enabled.

Now, Ruff will throw an error when update-check is provided via a configuration file (e.g., update-check = false) or through the command-line, since it has no effect. Users should remove this option from their configuration.

0.0.265

--fix-only now exits with a zero exit code, unless --exit-non-zero-on-fix is specified (#4146)

Previously, --fix-only would exit with a non-zero exit code if any fixes were applied. This behavior was inconsistent with --fix, and further, meant that --exit-non-zero-on-fix was effectively ignored when --fix-only was specified.

Now, --fix-only will exit with a zero exit code, unless --exit-non-zero-on-fix is specified, in which case it will exit with a non-zero exit code if any fixes were applied.

0.0.260

Fixes are now represented as a list of edits (#3709)

Previously, Ruff represented each fix as a single edit, which prohibited Ruff from automatically fixing violations that required multiple edits across a file. As such, Ruff now represents each fix as a list of edits.

This primarily affects the JSON API. Ruff's JSON representation used to represent the fix field as a single edit, like so:

{
    "message": "Remove unused import: `sys`",
    "content": "",
    "location": {"row": 1, "column": 0},
    "end_location": {"row": 2, "column": 0}
}

The updated representation instead includes a list of edits:

{
    "message": "Remove unused import: `sys`",
    "edits": [
        {
            "content": "",
            "location": {"row": 1, "column": 0},
            "end_location": {"row": 2, "column": 0},
        }
    ]
}

0.0.246

multiple-statements-on-one-line-def (E704) was removed (#2773)

This rule was introduced in v0.0.245. However, it turns out that pycodestyle and Flake8 ignore this rule by default, as it is not part of PEP 8. As such, we've removed it from Ruff.

0.0.245

Ruff's public check method was removed (#2709)

Previously, Ruff exposed a check method as a public Rust API. This method was used by few, if any clients, and was not well documented or supported. As such, it has been removed, with the intention of adding a stable public API in the future.

0.0.238

select, extend-select, ignore, and extend-ignore have new semantics (#2312)

Previously, the interplay between select and its related options could lead to unexpected behavior. For example, ruff --select E501 --ignore ALL and ruff --select E501 --extend-ignore ALL behaved differently. (See #2312 for more examples.)

When Ruff determines the enabled rule set, it has to reconcile select and ignore from a variety of sources, including the current pyproject.toml, any inherited pyproject.toml files, and the CLI.

The new semantics are such that Ruff uses the "highest-priority" select as the basis for the rule set, and then applies any extend-select, ignore, and extend-ignore adjustments. CLI options are given higher priority than pyproject.toml options, and the current pyproject.toml file is given higher priority than any inherited pyproject.toml files.

extend-select and extend-ignore are no longer given "top priority"; instead, they merely append to the select and ignore lists, as in Flake8.

This change is largely backwards compatible -- most users should experience no change in behavior. However, as an example of a breaking change, consider the following:

[tool.ruff]
ignore = ["F401"]

Running ruff --select F would previously have enabled all F rules, apart from F401. Now, it will enable all F rules, including F401, as the command line's --select resets the resolution.

remove-six-compat (UP016) has been removed (#2332)

The remove-six-compat rule has been removed. This rule was only useful for one-time Python 2-to-3 upgrades.

0.0.237

--explain, --clean, and --generate-shell-completion are now subcommands (#2190)

--explain, --clean, and --generate-shell-completion are now implemented as subcommands:

ruff .         # Still works! And will always work.
ruff check .   # New! Also works.

ruff --explain E402   # Still works.
ruff rule E402        # New! Also works. (And preferred.)

# Oops! The command has to come first.
ruff --format json --explain E402   # No longer works.
ruff --explain E402 --format json   # Still works!
ruff rule E402   --format json      # Works! (And preferred.)

This change is largely backwards compatible -- most users should experience no change in behavior. However, please note the following exceptions:

  • Subcommands will now fail when invoked with unsupported arguments, instead of silently ignoring them. For example, the following will now fail:

    ruff --clean --respect-gitignore

    (the clean command doesn't support --respect-gitignore.)

  • The semantics of ruff <arg> have changed slightly when <arg> is a valid subcommand. For example, prior to this release, running ruff rule would run ruff over a file or directory called rule. Now, ruff rule would invoke the rule subcommand. This should only impact projects with files or directories named rule, check, explain, clean, or generate-shell-completion.

  • Scripts that invoke ruff should supply -- before any positional arguments. (The semantics of ruff -- <arg> have not changed.)

  • --explain previously treated --format grouped as a synonym for --format text. This is no longer supported; instead, use --format text.

0.0.226

misplaced-comparison-constant (PLC2201) was deprecated in favor of SIM300 (#1980)

These two rules contain (nearly) identical logic. To deduplicate the rule set, we've upgraded SIM300 to handle a few more cases, and deprecated PLC2201 in favor of SIM300.

0.0.225

@functools.cache rewrites have been moved to a standalone rule (UP033) (#1938)

Previously, UP011 handled both @functools.lru_cache()-to-@functools.lru_cache conversions, and @functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)-to-@functools.cache conversions. The latter has been moved out to its own rule (UP033). As such, some # noqa: UP011 comments may need to be updated to reflect the change in rule code.

0.0.222

--max-complexity has been removed from the CLI (#1877)

The McCabe plugin's --max-complexity setting has been removed from the CLI, for consistency with the treatment of other, similar settings.

To set the maximum complexity, use the max-complexity property in your pyproject.toml file, like so:

[tool.ruff.mccabe]
max-complexity = 10

0.0.181

Files excluded by .gitignore are now ignored (#1234)

Ruff will now avoid checking files that are excluded by .ignore, .gitignore, .git/info/exclude, and global gitignore files. This behavior is powered by the ignore crate, and is applied in addition to Ruff's built-in exclude system.

To disable this behavior, set respect-gitignore = false in your pyproject.toml file.

Note that hidden files (i.e., files and directories prefixed with a .) are not ignored by default.

0.0.178

Configuration files are now resolved hierarchically (#1190)

pyproject.toml files are now resolved hierarchically, such that for each Python file, we find the first pyproject.toml file in its path, and use that to determine its lint settings.

See the documentation for more.