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heap_2.c
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heap_2.c
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/*
* FreeRTOS Kernel <DEVELOPMENT BRANCH>
* Copyright (C) 2021 Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
*
* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
* this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
* the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
* use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of
* the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
* subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
* copies or substantial portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
* IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS
* FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR
* COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER
* IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
* CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
*
* https://www.FreeRTOS.org
* https://github.com/FreeRTOS
*
*/
/*
* A sample implementation of pvPortMalloc() and vPortFree() that permits
* allocated blocks to be freed, but does not combine adjacent free blocks
* into a single larger block (and so will fragment memory). See heap_4.c for
* an equivalent that does combine adjacent blocks into single larger blocks.
*
* See heap_1.c, heap_3.c and heap_4.c for alternative implementations, and the
* memory management pages of https://www.FreeRTOS.org for more information.
*/
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
/* Defining MPU_WRAPPERS_INCLUDED_FROM_API_FILE prevents task.h from redefining
* all the API functions to use the MPU wrappers. That should only be done when
* task.h is included from an application file. */
#define MPU_WRAPPERS_INCLUDED_FROM_API_FILE
#include "FreeRTOS.h"
#include "task.h"
#undef MPU_WRAPPERS_INCLUDED_FROM_API_FILE
#if ( configSUPPORT_DYNAMIC_ALLOCATION == 0 )
#error This file must not be used if configSUPPORT_DYNAMIC_ALLOCATION is 0
#endif
#ifndef configHEAP_CLEAR_MEMORY_ON_FREE
#define configHEAP_CLEAR_MEMORY_ON_FREE 0
#endif
/* A few bytes might be lost to byte aligning the heap start address. */
#define configADJUSTED_HEAP_SIZE ( configTOTAL_HEAP_SIZE - portBYTE_ALIGNMENT )
/* Assumes 8bit bytes! */
#define heapBITS_PER_BYTE ( ( size_t ) 8 )
/* Max value that fits in a size_t type. */
#define heapSIZE_MAX ( ~( ( size_t ) 0 ) )
/* Check if multiplying a and b will result in overflow. */
#define heapMULTIPLY_WILL_OVERFLOW( a, b ) ( ( ( a ) > 0 ) && ( ( b ) > ( heapSIZE_MAX / ( a ) ) ) )
/* Check if adding a and b will result in overflow. */
#define heapADD_WILL_OVERFLOW( a, b ) ( ( a ) > ( heapSIZE_MAX - ( b ) ) )
/* MSB of the xBlockSize member of an BlockLink_t structure is used to track
* the allocation status of a block. When MSB of the xBlockSize member of
* an BlockLink_t structure is set then the block belongs to the application.
* When the bit is free the block is still part of the free heap space. */
#define heapBLOCK_ALLOCATED_BITMASK ( ( ( size_t ) 1 ) << ( ( sizeof( size_t ) * heapBITS_PER_BYTE ) - 1 ) )
#define heapBLOCK_SIZE_IS_VALID( xBlockSize ) ( ( ( xBlockSize ) & heapBLOCK_ALLOCATED_BITMASK ) == 0 )
#define heapBLOCK_IS_ALLOCATED( pxBlock ) ( ( ( pxBlock->xBlockSize ) & heapBLOCK_ALLOCATED_BITMASK ) != 0 )
#define heapALLOCATE_BLOCK( pxBlock ) ( ( pxBlock->xBlockSize ) |= heapBLOCK_ALLOCATED_BITMASK )
#define heapFREE_BLOCK( pxBlock ) ( ( pxBlock->xBlockSize ) &= ~heapBLOCK_ALLOCATED_BITMASK )
/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Allocate the memory for the heap. */
#if ( configAPPLICATION_ALLOCATED_HEAP == 1 )
/* The application writer has already defined the array used for the RTOS
* heap - probably so it can be placed in a special segment or address. */
extern uint8_t ucHeap[ configTOTAL_HEAP_SIZE ];
#else
PRIVILEGED_DATA static uint8_t ucHeap[ configTOTAL_HEAP_SIZE ];
#endif /* configAPPLICATION_ALLOCATED_HEAP */
/* Define the linked list structure. This is used to link free blocks in order
* of their size. */
typedef struct A_BLOCK_LINK
{
struct A_BLOCK_LINK * pxNextFreeBlock; /*<< The next free block in the list. */
size_t xBlockSize; /*<< The size of the free block. */
} BlockLink_t;
static const size_t xHeapStructSize = ( ( sizeof( BlockLink_t ) + ( size_t ) ( portBYTE_ALIGNMENT - 1 ) ) & ~( ( size_t ) portBYTE_ALIGNMENT_MASK ) );
#define heapMINIMUM_BLOCK_SIZE ( ( size_t ) ( xHeapStructSize * 2 ) )
/* Create a couple of list links to mark the start and end of the list. */
PRIVILEGED_DATA static BlockLink_t xStart, xEnd;
/* Keeps track of the number of free bytes remaining, but says nothing about
* fragmentation. */
PRIVILEGED_DATA static size_t xFreeBytesRemaining = configADJUSTED_HEAP_SIZE;
/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/
/*
* Initialises the heap structures before their first use.
*/
static void prvHeapInit( void ) PRIVILEGED_FUNCTION;
/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* STATIC FUNCTIONS ARE DEFINED AS MACROS TO MINIMIZE THE FUNCTION CALL DEPTH. */
/*
* Insert a block into the list of free blocks - which is ordered by size of
* the block. Small blocks at the start of the list and large blocks at the end
* of the list.
*/
#define prvInsertBlockIntoFreeList( pxBlockToInsert ) \
{ \
BlockLink_t * pxIterator; \
size_t xBlockSize; \
\
xBlockSize = pxBlockToInsert->xBlockSize; \
\
/* Iterate through the list until a block is found that has a larger size */ \
/* than the block we are inserting. */ \
for( pxIterator = &xStart; pxIterator->pxNextFreeBlock->xBlockSize < xBlockSize; pxIterator = pxIterator->pxNextFreeBlock ) \
{ \
/* There is nothing to do here - just iterate to the correct position. */ \
} \
\
/* Update the list to include the block being inserted in the correct */ \
/* position. */ \
pxBlockToInsert->pxNextFreeBlock = pxIterator->pxNextFreeBlock; \
pxIterator->pxNextFreeBlock = pxBlockToInsert; \
}
/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/
void * pvPortMalloc( size_t xWantedSize )
{
BlockLink_t * pxBlock;
BlockLink_t * pxPreviousBlock;
BlockLink_t * pxNewBlockLink;
PRIVILEGED_DATA static BaseType_t xHeapHasBeenInitialised = pdFALSE;
void * pvReturn = NULL;
size_t xAdditionalRequiredSize;
if( xWantedSize > 0 )
{
/* The wanted size must be increased so it can contain a BlockLink_t
* structure in addition to the requested amount of bytes. */
if( heapADD_WILL_OVERFLOW( xWantedSize, xHeapStructSize ) == 0 )
{
xWantedSize += xHeapStructSize;
/* Ensure that blocks are always aligned to the required number
* of bytes. */
if( ( xWantedSize & portBYTE_ALIGNMENT_MASK ) != 0x00 )
{
/* Byte alignment required. */
xAdditionalRequiredSize = portBYTE_ALIGNMENT - ( xWantedSize & portBYTE_ALIGNMENT_MASK );
if( heapADD_WILL_OVERFLOW( xWantedSize, xAdditionalRequiredSize ) == 0 )
{
xWantedSize += xAdditionalRequiredSize;
}
else
{
xWantedSize = 0;
}
}
else
{
mtCOVERAGE_TEST_MARKER();
}
}
else
{
xWantedSize = 0;
}
}
else
{
mtCOVERAGE_TEST_MARKER();
}
vTaskSuspendAll();
{
/* If this is the first call to malloc then the heap will require
* initialisation to setup the list of free blocks. */
if( xHeapHasBeenInitialised == pdFALSE )
{
prvHeapInit();
xHeapHasBeenInitialised = pdTRUE;
}
/* Check the block size we are trying to allocate is not so large that the
* top bit is set. The top bit of the block size member of the BlockLink_t
* structure is used to determine who owns the block - the application or
* the kernel, so it must be free. */
if( heapBLOCK_SIZE_IS_VALID( xWantedSize ) != 0 )
{
if( ( xWantedSize > 0 ) && ( xWantedSize <= xFreeBytesRemaining ) )
{
/* Blocks are stored in byte order - traverse the list from the start
* (smallest) block until one of adequate size is found. */
pxPreviousBlock = &xStart;
pxBlock = xStart.pxNextFreeBlock;
while( ( pxBlock->xBlockSize < xWantedSize ) && ( pxBlock->pxNextFreeBlock != NULL ) )
{
pxPreviousBlock = pxBlock;
pxBlock = pxBlock->pxNextFreeBlock;
}
/* If we found the end marker then a block of adequate size was not found. */
if( pxBlock != &xEnd )
{
/* Return the memory space - jumping over the BlockLink_t structure
* at its start. */
pvReturn = ( void * ) ( ( ( uint8_t * ) pxPreviousBlock->pxNextFreeBlock ) + xHeapStructSize );
/* This block is being returned for use so must be taken out of the
* list of free blocks. */
pxPreviousBlock->pxNextFreeBlock = pxBlock->pxNextFreeBlock;
/* If the block is larger than required it can be split into two. */
if( ( pxBlock->xBlockSize - xWantedSize ) > heapMINIMUM_BLOCK_SIZE )
{
/* This block is to be split into two. Create a new block
* following the number of bytes requested. The void cast is
* used to prevent byte alignment warnings from the compiler. */
pxNewBlockLink = ( void * ) ( ( ( uint8_t * ) pxBlock ) + xWantedSize );
/* Calculate the sizes of two blocks split from the single
* block. */
pxNewBlockLink->xBlockSize = pxBlock->xBlockSize - xWantedSize;
pxBlock->xBlockSize = xWantedSize;
/* Insert the new block into the list of free blocks.
* The list of free blocks is sorted by their size, we have to
* iterate to find the right place to insert new block. */
prvInsertBlockIntoFreeList( ( pxNewBlockLink ) );
}
xFreeBytesRemaining -= pxBlock->xBlockSize;
/* The block is being returned - it is allocated and owned
* by the application and has no "next" block. */
heapALLOCATE_BLOCK( pxBlock );
pxBlock->pxNextFreeBlock = NULL;
}
}
}
traceMALLOC( pvReturn, xWantedSize );
}
( void ) xTaskResumeAll();
#if ( configUSE_MALLOC_FAILED_HOOK == 1 )
{
if( pvReturn == NULL )
{
vApplicationMallocFailedHook();
}
}
#endif
return pvReturn;
}
/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/
void vPortFree( void * pv )
{
uint8_t * puc = ( uint8_t * ) pv;
BlockLink_t * pxLink;
if( pv != NULL )
{
/* The memory being freed will have an BlockLink_t structure immediately
* before it. */
puc -= xHeapStructSize;
/* This unexpected casting is to keep some compilers from issuing
* byte alignment warnings. */
pxLink = ( void * ) puc;
configASSERT( heapBLOCK_IS_ALLOCATED( pxLink ) != 0 );
configASSERT( pxLink->pxNextFreeBlock == NULL );
if( heapBLOCK_IS_ALLOCATED( pxLink ) != 0 )
{
if( pxLink->pxNextFreeBlock == NULL )
{
/* The block is being returned to the heap - it is no longer
* allocated. */
heapFREE_BLOCK( pxLink );
#if ( configHEAP_CLEAR_MEMORY_ON_FREE == 1 )
{
( void ) memset( puc + xHeapStructSize, 0, pxLink->xBlockSize - xHeapStructSize );
}
#endif
vTaskSuspendAll();
{
/* Add this block to the list of free blocks. */
prvInsertBlockIntoFreeList( ( ( BlockLink_t * ) pxLink ) );
xFreeBytesRemaining += pxLink->xBlockSize;
traceFREE( pv, pxLink->xBlockSize );
}
( void ) xTaskResumeAll();
}
}
}
}
/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/
size_t xPortGetFreeHeapSize( void )
{
return xFreeBytesRemaining;
}
/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/
void vPortInitialiseBlocks( void )
{
/* This just exists to keep the linker quiet. */
}
/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/
void * pvPortCalloc( size_t xNum,
size_t xSize )
{
void * pv = NULL;
if( heapMULTIPLY_WILL_OVERFLOW( xNum, xSize ) == 0 )
{
pv = pvPortMalloc( xNum * xSize );
if( pv != NULL )
{
( void ) memset( pv, 0, xNum * xSize );
}
}
return pv;
}
/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/
static void prvHeapInit( void ) /* PRIVILEGED_FUNCTION */
{
BlockLink_t * pxFirstFreeBlock;
uint8_t * pucAlignedHeap;
/* Ensure the heap starts on a correctly aligned boundary. */
pucAlignedHeap = ( uint8_t * ) ( ( ( portPOINTER_SIZE_TYPE ) & ucHeap[ portBYTE_ALIGNMENT - 1 ] ) & ( ~( ( portPOINTER_SIZE_TYPE ) portBYTE_ALIGNMENT_MASK ) ) );
/* xStart is used to hold a pointer to the first item in the list of free
* blocks. The void cast is used to prevent compiler warnings. */
xStart.pxNextFreeBlock = ( void * ) pucAlignedHeap;
xStart.xBlockSize = ( size_t ) 0;
/* xEnd is used to mark the end of the list of free blocks. */
xEnd.xBlockSize = configADJUSTED_HEAP_SIZE;
xEnd.pxNextFreeBlock = NULL;
/* To start with there is a single free block that is sized to take up the
* entire heap space. */
pxFirstFreeBlock = ( BlockLink_t * ) pucAlignedHeap;
pxFirstFreeBlock->xBlockSize = configADJUSTED_HEAP_SIZE;
pxFirstFreeBlock->pxNextFreeBlock = &xEnd;
}
/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/