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fysikk1.html
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="no" xml:lang="no">
<head>
<!-- 2019-01-29 Tue 10:46 -->
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
<title>Fysikk 1</title>
<meta name="generator" content="Org mode" />
<meta name="author" content="Tarjei Bærland" />
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/stylesheet.css">
<link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open Sans' rel='stylesheet'>
<link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source Code Pro' rel='stylesheet'>
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/org-info-js-nb/org-info-src.js">
/**
*
* @source: js/org-info-js-nb/org-info-src.js
*
* @licstart The following is the entire license notice for the
* JavaScript code in js/org-info-js-nb/org-info-src.js.
*
* Copyright (C) 2012-2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
*
*
* The JavaScript code in this tag is free software: you can
* redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
* General Public License (GNU GPL) as published by the Free Software
* Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option)
* any later version. The code is distributed WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY;
* without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
* FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU GPL for more details.
*
* As additional permission under GNU GPL version 3 section 7, you
* may distribute non-source (e.g., minimized or compacted) forms of
* that code without the copy of the GNU GPL normally required by
* section 4, provided you include this license notice and a URL
* through which recipients can access the Corresponding Source.
*
* @licend The above is the entire license notice
* for the JavaScript code in js/org-info-js-nb/org-info-src.js.
*
*/
</script>
<script type="text/javascript">
/*
@licstart The following is the entire license notice for the
JavaScript code in this tag.
Copyright (C) 2012-2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
The JavaScript code in this tag is free software: you can
redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
General Public License (GNU GPL) as published by the Free Software
Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option)
any later version. The code is distributed WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY;
without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU GPL for more details.
As additional permission under GNU GPL version 3 section 7, you
may distribute non-source (e.g., minimized or compacted) forms of
that code without the copy of the GNU GPL normally required by
section 4, provided you include this license notice and a URL
through which recipients can access the Corresponding Source.
@licend The above is the entire license notice
for the JavaScript code in this tag.
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<script type="text/javascript">
/*
@licstart The following is the entire license notice for the
JavaScript code in this tag.
Copyright (C) 2012-2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
The JavaScript code in this tag is free software: you can
redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
General Public License (GNU GPL) as published by the Free Software
Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option)
any later version. The code is distributed WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY;
without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU GPL for more details.
As additional permission under GNU GPL version 3 section 7, you
may distribute non-source (e.g., minimized or compacted) forms of
that code without the copy of the GNU GPL normally required by
section 4, provided you include this license notice and a URL
through which recipients can access the Corresponding Source.
@licend The above is the entire license notice
for the JavaScript code in this tag.
*/
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</head>
<body>
<div id="content">
<h1 class="title">Fysikk 1</h1>
<div id="table-of-contents">
<h2>Innhold</h2>
<div id="text-table-of-contents">
<ul>
<li><a href="#org116cb85">Atomfysikk</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org116cb85" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org116cb85">Atomfysikk</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org116cb85">
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orge3f450d" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orge3f450d">Atomet</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-orge3f450d">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>Demokrit foreslår at materien består av små byggesteiner, atomer, rundt 400 f.kr.</li>
<li>Grekerne valgte istedenfor <i>elementteorien</i>, som sier at alt består av jord, vann, luft og ild</li>
<li>På 1600-tallet klarer man å vise at vann består av hydrogen og oksygen. Elementteorien må være feil.</li>
</ul>
<p alt=""Kilde https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Coypel_Democritus.jpg"">
<img src="figurer/atom-demokrit.jpg" alt="atom-demokrit.jpg"/>
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org44bbf95" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org44bbf95">Periodesystemet</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-org44bbf95">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>Dimitrij (1834-1907) stilte opp grunnstoffene på forskjellige måter</li>
<li>Egenskapr så ut til å gjentas med en periode på åtte om man rangerte dem etter voksende atommasse</li>
<li>Mendelejev mente at «hull» i periodene tilhørte grunnstoffer som ennå ikke var funnet</li>
<li>Dette viste seg å stemme, og vi har nå periodesystemet</li>
</ul>
<p alt="Kilde https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/Mendeleev_Photographische_Gesellschaft_3.jpg">
<img src="figurer/atom-mendelejev.jpg" alt="atom-mendelejev.jpg"/>
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org9c9e244" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org9c9e244">Elektronet</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-org9c9e244">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>Mot slutten av 1800-tallet var man fremdeles ikke 100 % overbevist av atommodellen. Hvordan var for eksempel et atom bygd opp?</li>
<li>Man visste en del om elektrisitet, men ikke hvordan det fungerte. Var den kontinuerlig, eller bestod den av partikler?</li>
<li>Fysikeren Joseph John Thomson fant ut at om spenningen over et glassrør med gass sterk nok, gikk det en strøm gjennom gassen som fikk den til å lyse. Han kunne da endre spenningen og se endringen i strømmen.</li>
<li>Fra dette fant han at elektrisk strøm bestod av ladde partikler med masse 1/2000 av massen til en hydrogenkjerne.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org86f7336" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org86f7336">Kjernemodellen</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-org86f7336">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>I 1911 publiserte Ernest Rutherford sin kjernemodell, som var laget på bakgrunn av «gullfolieeksperimentet».</li>
<li>Etter først å ha vist at radioaktiv stråling består av minst to typer, alfa- og betastråling, og hva disse er, skjøt han alfastråling mot en gullfolie og så på hvordan spredningen av strålingen ble.</li>
<li>Spredningen kunne ikke forklares med Thomsons kjernemodell, den måtte forklares med en mer kompakt kjerne, slik vi kjenner atomet i dag.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orga853b0d" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orga853b0d">Kvantehypotesen</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-orga853b0d">
<div class="DEFINITION">
<p>
Et atom kan bare sende ut eller ta imot energi i bestemte porsjoner eller <i>energikvanter</i>.
\[E =h\cdot f\]
hvor \(h=6,63\cdot 10^{-34} \textrm{Js}\) er Plancks konstant og \(f\) er strålingens frekvens.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgb97bc3e" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgb97bc3e">Bohrs atommodell</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-orgb97bc3e">
<dl class="org-dl">
<dt>Første postulat</dt><dd>Et atom kan eksistere i mange forskjellige tilstander uten å sende ut energi. I hver tilstand har atomet en bestemt energi. \[E_1, E_2, \ldots, E_n, \quad n\in {1, 2, 3, \ldots}\]</dd>
<dt>Andre postulat</dt><dd>Et atom kan gå fra én tilstand med energien \(E_n\) til en annen tilstand med lavere energi \(E_m\). Ved overgangen blir energiforskjellen sendt ut som et foton med energien \[hf = E_n - E_m, \quad n>m,\] der \(h\) er Plancks konstant og \(f\) er strålingsfrekvensen.</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>