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Tarantool CLI

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Tarantool CLI - command line utility for managing Tarantool packages and Tarantool-based applications.

Contents

Intro

tt is tarantool's instance and environment management utility and is used to develop, deploy, run and operate applications.

One of the basic concepts that tt introduces is "environment". The "environment" is an isolated workspace for the tarantool application suite. tt.yaml configuration file defines the root and configuration of the environment. When tt is installed from a repository by a package manager (apt, rpm, ...) a "system" config file (/etc/tarantool/tt.yaml) is included which forms the "system" environment - the case when tt replaces the tarantoolctl. In case we want to form a local environment (very convenient during development), we use a "local" tt.yaml generated with the tt init command. In this way, the user/developer can have a large number of different "environments" in the system in which different versions of both tarantool/tt and the applications being developed will be used.

The example of a typical "environment":

graph LR
    %% Colors %%
    classDef lime fill:#C7EA46,stroke:#000,color:#000

    subgraph dot[Environment root]
      config
      bin
      modules
      local_reps
      inst_enabled[instances.enabled]
    end
    subgraph local_reps[Local repositories]
      dist[distfiles]
      rocks[rocks]
    end
    subgraph app1_files[Application]
        app_dir[app]
        app_dir --> init(init.lua):::lime
        app_dir --> |multi-instance|instances(instances.yaml):::lime
        app_dir --> |3.0|cluster_config(config.yaml):::lime
        app_dir --> var[var]
        var --> run[run] --> inst11[instance]
        inst11 --> pid1(tt.pid):::lime
        inst11 --> control1(tarantool.control):::lime
        inst11 --> binary1(tarantool.sock):::lime

        var --> log1[log] --> inst12[instance] --> logfile1(tt.log):::lime

        var --> lib1[lib] --> inst13[instance]--> xlogs1(*.xlog,*.snap):::lime
    end

    root[.] --> config(tt.yaml):::lime

    bin --> bin_dir(tarantool<br/>tarantool-ee<br/>tt-ee<br/>tt):::lime
    root --> bin[bin]

    modules --> modules_dir(ext_module_1<br/>ext_module_2):::lime
    root --> modules[modules]

    root --> dist
    root --> rocks
    inst_enabled --> app_dir
Loading

Getting started

Installation

TT can be installed from the deb / rpm repository "tarantool/modules".

Install the tarantool repositories:

https://www.tarantool.io/en/download/os-installation/

Install TT:

  • Deb based distributions:
apt-get install tt
  • Rpm based distributions:
yum install tt
dnf install tt

On Gentoo Linux, the TT can be installed from the Tarantool Gentoo Overlay:

emerge tt

On MacOS, the TT can be installed from brew:

brew install tt

You can also install Tarantool CLI by downloading archive with pre-built binary for your OS from GitHub's Releases page.

However, on MacOS to run that binary you will need to do additional steps:

  1. After first try to run binary, you will encounter an error:

    MacOS error.

  2. To fix it, you should go to 'system settings->privacy and security', then scroll down and find:

    MacOS settings.

  3. Click on 'Allow Anyway' and you should be able to use Tarantool Cli.

Build from source

Prerequisites

To run tests:

Build

git clone https://github.com/tarantool/tt --recursive
cd tt

You can build a binary without OpenSSL and TLS support for development purposes:

TT_CLI_BUILD_SSL=no mage build
mage build

You can build a binary with statically linked OpenSSL. This build type is used for releases:

TT_CLI_BUILD_SSL=static mage build

Finally, you can build a binary with dynamically linked OpenSSL for development purposes:

TT_CLI_BUILD_SSL=shared mage build

Dependencies

tt rocks runtime dependencies:

tt install && search runtime dependencies:

Run tests

Disable etcd service:

systemctl stop etcd
systemctl disable etcd

Create a virtual environment and install tests requirements:

python3 -m venv .venv

source .venv/bin/activate

pip install -r test/requirements.txt

Once inside the virtual environment, run default set of tests (excluding slow tests):

mage test

To run full set of tests:

mage testfull

Configuration

Taratool CLI can be launched in several modes:

  • System launch (flag -S) - the working directory is current, configuration file searched in /etc/tarantool directory.
  • Local launch (flag -L) - the working directory is the one you specified, configuration file is searched in this directory. If configuration file doesn't exists, config searched from the working directory to the root. If it is also not found, then take config from /etc/tarantool. If tarantool or tt executable files are found in working directory, they will be used further.
  • Default launch (no flags specified) - configuration file searched from the current directory to the root, going down the directory until file is found. Working directory - the one where the configuration file is found. If configuration file isn't found, config taken from /etc/tarantool directory. In this case working directory is current.

Configuration file

By default, configuration file is named tt.yaml.

You can specify the path to the configuration file by using the --cfg command line option or by setting the TT_CLI_CFG environment variable. The TT_CLI_CFG variable has a lower priority than the --cfg option.

Example of configuration file format:

env:
  instances_enabled: path/to/available/applications
  bin_dir: path/to/bin_dir
  inc_dir: path/to/inc_dir
  restart_on_failure: bool
  tarantoolctl_layout: bool
modules:
  directory: path/to/modules/dir
app:
  run_dir: path/to/run_dir
  log_dir: path/to/log_dir
  wal_dir: var/lib
  vinyl_dir: var/lib
  memtx_dir: var/lib
repo:
  rocks: path/to/rocks
  distfiles: path/to/install
ee:
  credential_path: path/to/file
templates:
  - path: path/to/templates_dir1
  - path: path/to/templates_dir2

env

  • instances_enabled (string) - path to directory that stores all applications.
  • bin_dir (string) - directory that stores binary files.
  • inc_dir (string) - directory that stores header files. The path will be padded with a directory named include.
  • restart_on_failure (bool) - should it restart on failure.
  • tarantoolctl_layout (bool) - enable/disable tarantoolctl layout compatible mode for artifact files: control socket, pid, log files. Data files (wal, vinyl, snapshots) and multi-instance applications are not affected by this option.

modules

  • directory (string) - the path to directory where the external modules are stored.

app

  • run_dir (string) - path to directory that stores various instance runtime artifacts like console socket, PID file, etc.
  • log_dir (string) - directory that stores log files.
  • wal_dir (string) - directory where write-ahead log (.xlog) files are stored.
  • memtx_dir (string) - directory where memtx stores snapshot (.snap) files.
  • vinyl_dir (string) - directory where vinyl files or subdirectories will be stored.

repo

  • rocks (string) - directory that stores rocks files.
  • distfiles (string) - directory that stores installation files.

ee

  • credential_path (string) - path to file with credentials for downloading tarantool-ee. File must contain login and password. Each parameter on a separate line. Alternatively credentials can be set via environment variables: TT_CLI_EE_USERNAME and TT_CLI_EE_PASSWORD.

templates

  • path (string) - the path to templates search directory.

Creating tt environment

tt environment can be created using init command:

$ tt init

tt init searches for existing configuration files in current directory:

  • .cartridge.yml. If .cartridge.yml is found, it is loaded, and directory information from it is used for tt.yaml generation.
  • .tarantoolctl. If .tarantoolctl is found, it is invoked by Tarantool and directory information from default_cfg table is used for tt.yaml generation. .tarantoolctl will not be invoked by tt start command, so all variables defined in this script will not be available in application code.

If there are no existing configs in current directory, tt init generates default tt.yaml and creates a set of environment directories. Here is and example of the default environment filesystem tree:

.
├── bin
├── include
├── distfiles
├── instances.enabled
├── modules
├── tt.yaml
└── templates

Where:

  • bin - directory that stores binary files.
  • include - directory that stores header files.
  • distfiles - directory that stores installation files for local install.
  • instances.enabled - directory that stores enabled applications or symlinks.
  • modules - the directory where the external modules are stored.
  • tt.yaml - tt environment configuration file generated by tt init.
  • templates - the directory where external templates are stored.

External modules

External module - any executable file stored in modules directory. Module must be able to handle --description and --help flags. When calling with --description flag, module should print a short description of module to stdout. When calling with --help flag, module should print a help information about module to stdout.

Tarantool CLI already contains a basic set of modules. You can overload these with external ones, or extend functionality with your own module. Modules getting from directory, which specified in directory field (see example above).

For example, you have an external version module. When you type tt version, the external version module will be launched. To run the internal implementation, use the --internal (-I) flag. If there is no executable file with the same name, the internal implementation will be started.

You can use any external module that doesn't have any internal implementation. For example, you have module named example-module. Just type tt example-module to run it.

To see list of available modules, type tt -h.

CLI Args

Arguments of Tarantool CLI:

  • --cfg | -c (string) - path to Tarantool CLI config.
  • --internal | -I - use internal module.
  • --local | -L (string) - run Tarantool CLI as local, in the specified directory.
  • --system | -S - run Tarantool CLI as system.
  • --help | -h - help.

Autocompletion

You can generate autocompletion for bash or zsh shell:

. <(tt completion bash)

Enter tt, press tab and you will see a list of available modules with descriptions. Also, autocomplete supports external modules.

For commands, which argument is app or instance, autocompletion will show suitable apps, in case of the pattern doesn't contain delimiter :, and suitable instances otherwise.

For tt create command it will show a list of built-in templates and templates from the configuration file.

TT usage

Working with a set of instances

tt can manage a set of instances based on one source file.

To work with a set of instances, you need: a directory where the files will be located: init.lua and instances.yml.

  • init.lua - application source file.
  • instances.yml - description of instances.

Instances are described in instances.yml with format:

instance_name:
  parameter: value

The dot character in instance names is reserved for system use. Also, if an instance name ends with -stateboard, it will be recognized as stateboard. If it is necessary for a certain instance to work on a source file other than init.lua, then you need to create a script with a name in the format: instance_name.init.lua.

The following environment variables are associated with each instance:

  • TARANTOOL_APP_NAME - application name (the name of the directory where the application files are present).
  • TARANTOOL_INSTANCE_NAME - instance name.

Example

Working with application templates

tt can create applications from templates.

To work with application template, you need:

  • A <path> where templates directories or archives are located.

  • tt.yaml configured to search templates in <path>:

    templates:
  - path: <path1>
  - path: <path2>

Application template may contain:

  • *.tt.template - template files, that will be instantiated during application creation.
  • MANIFEST.yaml - template manifest (see details below).

Template manifest MANIFEST.yaml has the following format:

description: Template description
vars:
    - prompt: User name
      name: user_name
      default: admin
      re: ^\w+$

    - prompt: Retry count
      default: "3"
      name: retry_count
      re: ^\d+$
pre-hook: ./hooks/pre-gen.sh
post-hook: ./hooks/post-gen.sh
include:
- init.lua
- instances.yml

Where:

  • description (string) - template description.
  • vars - template variables used for instantiation.
    • prompt - user prompt for variable value input.
    • name - variable name.
    • default - default value of the variable.
    • re - regular expression used for value validation.
  • pre-hook (string) - executable to run before template instantiation.
  • post-hook (string) - executable to run after template instantiation.
  • include (list) - list of files to keep in application directory after create.

There are pre-defined variables that can be used in template text: name - application name. It is set to --name CLI argument value.

Don't include the .rocks directory in your application template. To specify application dependencies, use the .rockspec.

Custom template example

Working with tt daemon (experimental)

tt daemon module is used to manage tt daemon on a given machine. This way instances can be operated remotely. Daemon can be configured with tt_daemon.yaml config.

tt_daemon.yaml file format:

daemon:
      run_dir: path
      log_dir: path
      log_file: string (file name)
      listen_interface: string
      port: num
      pidfile: string (file name)

Where:

  • run_dir (string) - path to directory that stores various instance runtime artifacts like console socket, PID file, etc. Default: run.
  • log_dir (string) - directory that stores log files. Default: log.
  • log_file (string) - name of file contains log of daemon process. Default: tt_daemon.log.
  • listen_interface (string) - network interface the IP address should be found on to bind http server socket. Default: loopback (lo/lo0).
  • port (number) - port number to be used for daemon http server. Default: 1024.
  • pidfile (string) - name of file contains pid of daemon process. Default: tt_daemon.pid.

TT daemon example

Setting Tarantool configuration parameters via environment variables

Using tt, you can specify configuration parameters via special environment variables even on Tarantool versions that does not natively support it. The name of a variable should have the following pattern: TT_<NAME>, where <NAME> is the uppercase name of the corresponding box.cfg parameter.

Add current environment binaries location to the PATH variable.

You can add current environment binaries location to the PATH variable:

. <(tt env)

Also TARANTOOL_DIR variable is set.

Commands

Common description. For a detailed description, use tt help command .

  • start - start a tarantool instance(s).
  • stop - stop the tarantool instance(s).
  • status - get current status of the instance(s).
  • restart - restart the instance(s).
  • version - show Tarantool CLI version information.
  • completion - generate autocomplete for a specified shell.
  • help - display help for any command.
  • logrotate - rotate logs of a started tarantool instance(s).
  • check - check an application file for syntax errors.
  • connect - connect to the tarantool instance.
  • rocks - LuaRocks package manager.
  • cat - print into stdout the contents of .snap/.xlog files.
  • play - play the contents of .snap/.xlog files to another Tarantool instance.
  • coredump - pack/unpack/inspect tarantool coredump.
  • run - start a tarantool instance.
  • search - show available tt/tarantool versions.
  • clean - clean instance(s) files.
  • create - create an application from a template.
  • build - build an application.
  • install - install tarantool/tt.
  • uninstall - uninstall tarantool/tt.
  • init - create tt environment configuration file.
  • daemon (experimental) - manage tt daemon.
  • cfg dump - print tt environment configuration.
  • pack - pack an environment into a tarball/RPM/Deb.
  • instances - show enabled applications.
  • binaries list - show a list of installed binaries and their versions.
  • binaries switch - switch to installed binary.
  • cluster - manage cluster configuration.
  • env - add current environment binaries location to the PATH variable.
  • replicasets - manage replicasets.
  • download - download Tarantool SDK.
  • enable - create a symbolic link in 'instances_enabled' directory to a script or an application directory.