Create Exercise-18-Cows-And-Bulls.py

Author: swsoyee

Exercise-18-Cows-And-Bulls.py

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+'''
+Exercise 18: Cows And Bulls
+
+Create a program that will play the “cows and bulls”
+game with the user. The game works like this:
+
+Randomly generate a 4-digit number. Ask the user to
+guess a 4-digit number. For every digit that the user
+guessed correctly in the correct place, they have a
+“cow”. For every digit the user guessed correctly in
+the wrong place is a “bull.” Every time the user makes
+a guess, tell them how many “cows” and “bulls” they
+have. Once the user guesses the correct number, the
+game is over. Keep track of the number of guesses the
+user makes throughout teh game and tell the user at
+the end.
+
+Say the number generated by the computer is 1038. An
+example interaction could look like this:
+
+  Welcome to the Cows and Bulls Game! 
+  Enter a number: 
+  >>> 1234
+  2 cows, 0 bulls
+  >>> 1256
+  1 cow, 1 bull
+  ...
+  
+Until the user guesses the number.
+
+'''
+
+# Solution
+def initiation():
+    """
+    Set all the parameter needed.
+    
+    Returns:
+    guess_log -- a empty list container of all the guesses.
+    answer -- a 4-digital number string of right answer.
+    """
+    import random
+    
+    print('Welcome to the Cows and Bulls Game!')
+    guess_log = ['']
+    answer = random.randint(0,9999)
+    answer = '{0:04d}'.format(answer)
+    return guess_log, answer
+
+def get_guess(guess_log):
+    """
+    Append a new guess to the previous log.
+    
+    Arguments:
+    guess_log -- a list contain all the guess(es).
+    
+    Returns:
+    guess_log -- a list contain all the guess(es).
+    """
+    guess = input('Enter a number:')
+    guess_log.append(guess)
+    return guess_log
+
+def compare(guess, answer):
+    """
+    Compare guess and answer
+    
+    Arguments:
+    guess -- a 4-digital number string of the guess.
+    answer -- a 4-digital number string of right answer.
+    
+    Returns:
+    cow -- a number of the user guessed correctly in the correct place.
+    bull -- a number of the user guessed correctly in the wrong place.
+    """
+    cow = 0
+    bull = 0
+    for i in range(len(guess)):
+        if guess[i] == answer[i]:
+            cow += 1
+        if guess[i] in answer:
+            bull += 1 
+    bull = bull - cow
+    return cow, bull
+
+def main():
+    guess_log, answer = initiation()
+    while guess_log[-1] != answer:
+        guess_log = get_guess(guess_log)
+        cow, bull = compare(guess_log[-1], answer)
+        print('{} cows, {} bulls'.format(cow, bull))
+    print('Your are right! After {} guess(es) you finally get it!\nYour logs:'.format(len(guess_log)-1), guess_log[1:])
+              
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()