diff --git a/.github/workflows/benchmarks.yml b/.github/workflows/benchmarks.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f142c41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/benchmarks.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+name: Benchmarks - stargate-mongoose
+on:
+  pull_request:
+  push:
+jobs:
+  benchmarks:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:      
+      - name: disable and stop mono-xsp4.service
+        run: |
+          sudo kill -9 $(sudo lsof -t -i:8084)
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - name: Set up JSON API
+        run: |
+          chmod +x bin/start_json_api.sh
+          bin/start_json_api.sh
+      - name: Wait for services
+        run: |
+          while ! nc -z localhost 8181; do sleep 1; done
+          while ! nc -z localhost 8081; do sleep 1; done
+      - name: Setting up the node version
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v3
+        with:
+          node-version: 16.15.0
+      - name: setup project
+        run: npm i   
+      - name: benchmarks
+        run: npm run benchmarks
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 0b1bd25..b13d5ba 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -5,4 +5,6 @@ node_modules
 .vscode
 dist
 package-lock.json
-.idea
\ No newline at end of file
+.idea
+*.out
+*.tgz
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.npmignore b/.npmignore
index bc70c5d..ce2e800 100644
--- a/.npmignore
+++ b/.npmignore
@@ -7,4 +7,6 @@ tests
 .env.example
 .github
 
-*.tgz
\ No newline at end of file
+*.tgz
+
+benchmarks
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/benchmarks/.env.benchmark b/benchmarks/.env.benchmark
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..55fbd5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmarks/.env.benchmark
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+JSON_API_URI=http://127.0.0.1:8181/v1/benchmark
+JSON_API_USERNAME=cassandra
+JSON_API_PASSWORD=cassandra
+JSON_API_AUTH_URL=http://127.0.0.1:8081/v1/auth
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/benchmarks/README.md b/benchmarks/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..edaf405
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmarks/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+# Benchmarks
+
+Each `benchmark-*.ts` file is a separate benchmark that tests different functionality.
+Benchmarks use either stargate-mongoose or the Axios HTTP client directly; this is to check whether stargate-mongoose is adding significant overhead or not.
+
+## Running Benchmarks
+
+The easiest way to run all benchmarks is using the following npm command:
+
+```
+npm run benchmarks
+```
+
+This will run all benchmarks, and output results to both stdout and `.out` files in the `benchmarks` directory.
+
+You can also run benchmarks individually using `ts-node` as follows:
+
+```
+$ ./node_modules/.bin/ts-node -r ./benchmarks/setup.ts ./benchmarks/benchmark-findone-mongoose.ts
+{
+  "name": "benchmark-findone-mongoose",
+  "totalTimeMS": 14944
+}
+```
+
+The `benchmarks/.env.benchmark` contains environment variables that configure the connection details for the benchmarks.
+The `benchmarks/setup.ts` file sets up the environment using [dotenv](https://npmjs.com/package/dotenv).
+
+## Astra Benchmarks
+
+There are 3 benchmarks that connect to Astra, rather than local JSON API:
+
+* `benchmark-findone-axios-vector-astra.ts`
+* `benchmark-findone-mongoose-vector-astra.ts`
+* `benchmark-findone-mongoose-vector-astra-http2.ts`
+
+By default, these benchmarks are skipped:
+
+```
+$ ./node_modules/.bin/ts-node -r ./benchmarks/setup.ts ./benchmarks/benchmark-findone-mongoose-vector-astra
+{"name":"benchmark-findone-mongoose-vector-astra"}
+```
+
+To run these benchmarks, you need to add the following environment variables to `.env.benchmark`:
+
+```
+ASTRA_CONNECTION_STRING=
+ASTRA_COLLECTION_NAME=
+```
+
+`ASTRA_CONNECTION_STRING` contains the connection string that will be passed to `mongoose.connect()`, like `https://abc-us-east-2.apps.astra.datastax.com/api/json/v1/mykeyspace?applicationToken=AstraCS:...`, and `ASTRA_COLLECTION_NAME` is the name of the collection that the Mongoose model will connect to.
+The Astra benchmarks assume that there is already a collection with data set up in Astra.
+
+With these environment variables set up, you can run the Astra benchmarks:
+
+```
+$ ./node_modules/.bin/ts-node -r ./benchmarks/setup.ts ./benchmarks/benchmark-findone-mongoose-vector-astra
+{
+  "name": "benchmark-findone-mongoose-vector-astra",
+  "totalTimeMS": 20966
+}
+```
+
+If you add `ASTRA_CONNECTION_STRING` to `.env.benchmark`, be careful not to accidentally commit your changes to git.
+An alternative approach is to set the environment variables in your CLI command as follows:
+
+```
+$ env ASTRA_CONNECTION_STRING="https://abc-us-east-2.apps.astra.datastax.com/..." env ASTRA_COLLECTION_NAME=mycollection ./node_modules/.bin/ts-node -r ./benchmarks/setup.ts ./benchmarks/benchmark-findone-mongoose-vector-astra
+{
+  "name": "benchmark-findone-mongoose-vector-astra",
+  "totalTimeMS": 20436
+}
+```
+
+## Pinecone Benchmarks
+
+First, install the Pinecone client:
+
+```
+npm install @pinecone-database/pinecone --no-save
+```
+
+Then set up sample data:
+
+```
+```
+env PINECONE_INDEX=your-index-here env PINECONE_API_KEY=your-api-key-here ./node_modules/.bin/ts-node benchmarks/setup-pinecone-vector-example.ts
+```
+```
+
+Then run Pinecone benchmarks:
+
+```
+env PINECONE_INDEX=your-index-here env PINECONE_API_KEY=your-api-key-here ./node_modules/.bin/ts-node benchmarks/benchmark-findone-pinecone.ts
+```
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/benchmarks/benchmark-findone-axios-vector-astra.ts b/benchmarks/benchmark-findone-axios-vector-astra.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aaf17b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmarks/benchmark-findone-axios-vector-astra.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+import axios from 'axios';
+import { driver } from '../';
+import mongoose from 'mongoose';
+
+mongoose.set('autoCreate', false);
+mongoose.set('autoIndex', false);
+
+mongoose.setDriver(driver);
+
+main().then(
+    () => { process.exit(0); },
+    err => {
+        console.error(err);
+        process.exit(-1);
+    }
+);
+
+async function main() {
+    if (!process.env.ASTRA_CONNECTION_STRING) {
+        console.log('{"name":"benchmark-findone-axios-vector-astra"}');
+        return;
+    }
+    await mongoose.connect(process.env.ASTRA_CONNECTION_STRING, {
+        isAstra: true
+    } as mongoose.ConnectOptions);
+
+    const Vector = mongoose.model(
+        'Vector',
+        new mongoose.Schema({
+            $vector: {
+                type: [Number]
+            },
+            prompt: {
+                type: String,
+                required: true
+            }
+        }, {
+            autoCreate: false
+        }),
+        process.env.ASTRA_COLLECTION_NAME
+    );
+
+    // @ts-ignore
+    const dbName = Vector.db.db.name;
+
+    const collectionName = process.env.ASTRA_COLLECTION_NAME ?? '';
+
+    // @ts-ignore
+    const baseUrl = mongoose.connection.getClient().httpClient.baseUrl;
+  
+    // @ts-ignore
+    const token = mongoose.connection.getClient().httpClient.applicationToken;
+    const $meta = [1, ...Array(1535).fill(0)];
+    const start = Date.now();
+    for (let i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
+        await axios.post(
+            `${baseUrl}/${dbName}/${collectionName}`,
+            {
+                findOne: {
+                    filter: {},
+                    sort: { $vector: $meta }
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                headers: {
+                    Token: token
+                }
+            }
+        );
+    }
+    const results = {
+        name: 'benchmark-findone-axios-vector-astra',
+        totalTimeMS: Date.now() - start
+    };
+    console.log(JSON.stringify(results, null, '  '));
+}
diff --git a/benchmarks/benchmark-findone-axios-vector.ts b/benchmarks/benchmark-findone-axios-vector.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..577f4a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmarks/benchmark-findone-axios-vector.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+import axios from 'axios';
+import { driver } from '../';
+import mongoose from 'mongoose';
+
+mongoose.set('autoCreate', false);
+mongoose.set('autoIndex', false);
+
+mongoose.setDriver(driver);
+
+main().then(
+    () => { process.exit(0); },
+    err => {
+        console.error(err);
+        process.exit(-1);
+    }
+);
+
+async function main() {
+    await mongoose.connect(process.env.JSON_API_URI ?? '', {
+        username: process.env.JSON_API_USERNAME,
+        password: process.env.JSON_API_PASSWORD,
+        authUrl: process.env.JSON_API_AUTH_URL
+    } as mongoose.ConnectOptions);
+    const Vector = mongoose.model(
+        'Vector',
+        new mongoose.Schema({
+            $vector: {
+                type: [Number]
+            },
+            prompt: {
+                type: String,
+                required: true
+            }
+        }, {
+            collectionOptions: { vector: { size: 1536, function: 'cosine' } },
+            autoCreate: false
+        }),
+        'vectors'
+    );
+
+    // @ts-ignore
+    const dbName = Vector.db.db.name;
+
+    await Vector.db.dropCollection('vectors').catch(() => {});
+    await Vector.createCollection();
+
+    const numVectors = 1000;
+    for (let i = 0; i < numVectors; ++i) {
+        const $vector = Array(1536).fill(0);
+        $vector[i] = 1;
+        await Vector.create({ $vector, prompt: `Test ${i}` });
+    }
+
+    // @ts-ignore
+    const baseUrl = mongoose.connection.getClient().httpClient.baseUrl;
+    // @ts-ignore
+    const token = mongoose.connection.getClient().httpClient.applicationToken;
+    const $meta = [1, ...Array(1535).fill(0)];
+    const start = Date.now();
+    for (let i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
+        await axios.post(
+            `${baseUrl}/${dbName}/vectors`,
+            {
+                findOne: {
+                    filter: {},
+                    sort: { $vector: $meta }
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                headers: {
+                    Token: token
+                }
+            }
+        );
+    }
+    const results = {
+        name: 'benchmark-findone-axios-vector',
+        totalTimeMS: Date.now() - start
+    };
+    console.log(JSON.stringify(results, null, '  '));
+}
diff --git a/benchmarks/benchmark-findone-axios.ts b/benchmarks/benchmark-findone-axios.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..044de1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmarks/benchmark-findone-axios.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+import axios from 'axios';
+import { driver } from '../';
+import mongoose from 'mongoose';
+
+mongoose.set('autoCreate', false);
+mongoose.set('autoIndex', false);
+
+mongoose.setDriver(driver);
+
+main().then(
+    () => { process.exit(0); },
+    err => {
+        console.error(err);
+        process.exit(-1);
+    }
+);
+
+async function main() {
+    const uri = process.env.JSON_API_URI ?? '';
+    await mongoose.connect(uri, {
+        username: process.env.JSON_API_USERNAME,
+        password: process.env.JSON_API_PASSWORD,
+        authUrl: process.env.JSON_API_AUTH_URL
+    } as mongoose.ConnectOptions);
+    const Test = mongoose.model('Test', new mongoose.Schema({
+        name: {
+            type: String,
+            required: true
+        },
+        email: {
+            type: String,
+            required: true
+        },
+        age: {
+            type: Number
+        }
+    }));
+
+    await Test.db.dropCollection('tests').catch(() => {});
+    await Test.createCollection();
+
+    await Test.create({
+        name: 'John Smith',
+        email: 'john@gmail.com',
+        age: 30
+    });
+
+    // @ts-ignore
+    const token = mongoose.connection.getClient().httpClient.applicationToken;
+
+    const start = Date.now();
+    for (let i = 0; i < 10000; ++i) {
+        await axios.post(
+            `${uri}/tests`,
+            {
+                findOne: {
+                    filter: {
+                        name: 'John Smith'
+                    },
+                    options: {}
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                headers: {
+                    Token: token
+                }
+            }
+        );
+    }
+    const results = {
+        name: 'benchmark-findone-axios',
+        totalTimeMS: Date.now() - start
+    };
+    console.log(JSON.stringify(results, null, '  '));
+}
diff --git a/benchmarks/benchmark-findone-mongoose-vector-astra.ts b/benchmarks/benchmark-findone-mongoose-vector-astra.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..10229fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmarks/benchmark-findone-mongoose-vector-astra.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+import { driver } from '../';
+import mongoose from 'mongoose';
+
+mongoose.set('autoCreate', false);
+mongoose.set('autoIndex', false);
+
+mongoose.setDriver(driver);
+
+main().then(
+    () => { process.exit(0); },
+    err => {
+        console.error(err);
+        process.exit(-1);
+    }
+);
+
+async function main() {
+    if (!process.env.ASTRA_CONNECTION_STRING) {
+        console.log('{"name":"benchmark-findone-mongoose-vector-astra"}');
+        return;
+    }
+    await mongoose.connect(process.env.ASTRA_CONNECTION_STRING, {
+        isAstra: true
+    } as mongoose.ConnectOptions);
+    const Vector = mongoose.model(
+        'Vector',
+        new mongoose.Schema({
+            $vector: {
+                type: [Number]
+            },
+            prompt: {
+                type: String,
+                required: true
+            }
+        }, {
+            autoCreate: false
+        }),
+        process.env.ASTRA_COLLECTION_NAME
+    );
+
+    const $meta = [1, ...Array(1535).fill(0)];
+    const start = Date.now();
+    for (let i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
+        await Vector
+            .findOne({})
+            .sort({ $vector: { $meta } });
+    }
+    const results = {
+        name: 'benchmark-findone-mongoose-vector-astra',
+        totalTimeMS: Date.now() - start
+    };
+    console.log(JSON.stringify(results, null, '  '));
+}
diff --git a/benchmarks/benchmark-findone-mongoose-vector.ts b/benchmarks/benchmark-findone-mongoose-vector.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8dd95d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmarks/benchmark-findone-mongoose-vector.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+import { driver } from '../';
+import mongoose from 'mongoose';
+
+mongoose.set('autoCreate', false);
+mongoose.set('autoIndex', false);
+
+mongoose.setDriver(driver);
+
+main().then(
+    () => { process.exit(0); },
+    err => {
+        console.error(err);
+        process.exit(-1);
+    }
+);
+
+async function main() {
+    await mongoose.connect(process.env.JSON_API_URI ?? '', {
+        username: process.env.JSON_API_USERNAME,
+        password: process.env.JSON_API_PASSWORD,
+        authUrl: process.env.JSON_API_AUTH_URL
+    } as mongoose.ConnectOptions);
+    const Vector = mongoose.model(
+        'Vector',
+        new mongoose.Schema({
+            $vector: {
+                type: [Number]
+            },
+            prompt: {
+                type: String,
+                required: true
+            }
+        }, {
+            collectionOptions: { vector: { size: 1536, function: 'cosine' } },
+            autoCreate: false
+        }),
+        'vectors'
+    );
+
+    await Vector.db.dropCollection('vectors').catch(() => {});
+    await Vector.createCollection();
+
+    const numVectors = 1000;
+    for (let i = 0; i < numVectors; ++i) {
+        const $vector = Array(1536).fill(0);
+        $vector[i] = 1;
+        await Vector.create({ $vector, prompt: `Test ${i}` });
+    }
+
+    const $meta = [1, ...Array(1535).fill(0)];
+    const start = Date.now();
+    for (let i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
+        await Vector
+            .findOne({})
+            .sort({ $vector: { $meta } });
+    }
+    const results = {
+        name: 'benchmark-findone-mongoose-vector',
+        totalTimeMS: Date.now() - start
+    };
+    console.log(JSON.stringify(results, null, '  '));
+}
diff --git a/benchmarks/benchmark-findone-mongoose.ts b/benchmarks/benchmark-findone-mongoose.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..91b5352
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmarks/benchmark-findone-mongoose.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+import { driver } from '../';
+import mongoose from 'mongoose';
+
+mongoose.set('autoCreate', false);
+mongoose.set('autoIndex', false);
+
+mongoose.setDriver(driver);
+
+main().then(
+    () => { process.exit(0); },
+    err => {
+        console.error(err);
+        process.exit(-1);
+    }
+);
+
+async function main() {
+    await mongoose.connect(process.env.JSON_API_URI ?? '', {
+        username: process.env.JSON_API_USERNAME,
+        password: process.env.JSON_API_PASSWORD,
+        authUrl: process.env.JSON_API_AUTH_URL
+    } as mongoose.ConnectOptions);
+    const Test = mongoose.model('Test', new mongoose.Schema({
+        name: {
+            type: String,
+            required: true
+        },
+        email: {
+            type: String,
+            required: true
+        },
+        age: {
+            type: Number
+        }
+    }));
+
+    await Test.db.dropCollection('tests').catch(() => {});
+    await Test.createCollection();
+
+    await Test.create({
+        name: 'John Smith',
+        email: 'john@gmail.com',
+        age: 30
+    });
+
+    const start = Date.now();
+    for (let i = 0; i < 10000; ++i) {
+        await Test.findOne({ name: 'John Smith' });
+    }
+    const results = {
+        name: 'benchmark-findone-mongoose',
+        totalTimeMS: Date.now() - start
+    };
+    console.log(JSON.stringify(results, null, '  '));
+}
diff --git a/benchmarks/benchmark-findone-pinecone.ts b/benchmarks/benchmark-findone-pinecone.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6347d71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmarks/benchmark-findone-pinecone.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+main().then(
+    () => { process.exit(0); },
+    err => {
+        console.error(err);
+        process.exit(-1);
+    }
+);
+
+async function main() {
+    let Pinecone;
+    try {
+        Pinecone = require('@pinecone-database/pinecone').Pinecone;
+    } catch (err) {
+        console.log('{"name":"benchmark-findone-pinecone"}');
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (!process.env.PINECONE_API_KEY || !process.env.PINECONE_INDEX) {
+        console.log('{"name":"benchmark-findone-pinecone"}');
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const pinecone = new Pinecone();
+
+    const vector = [1, ...Array(1535).fill(0)];
+    const index = process.env.PINECONE_INDEX;
+    const start = Date.now();
+    for (let i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
+        await pinecone.index(index).query({ topK: 1, vector, includeValues: true });
+    }
+    const results = {
+        name: 'benchmark-findone-pinecone',
+        totalTimeMS: Date.now() - start
+    };
+    console.log(JSON.stringify(results, null, '  '));
+}
diff --git a/benchmarks/benchmark-insert-axios.ts b/benchmarks/benchmark-insert-axios.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..961179c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmarks/benchmark-insert-axios.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+import axios from 'axios';
+import { driver } from '../';
+import mongoose from 'mongoose';
+
+mongoose.set('autoCreate', false);
+mongoose.set('autoIndex', false);
+
+mongoose.setDriver(driver);
+
+main().then(
+    () => { process.exit(0); },
+    err => {
+        console.error(err);
+        process.exit(-1);
+    }
+);
+
+async function main() {
+    await mongoose.connect(process.env.JSON_API_URI ?? '', {
+        username: process.env.JSON_API_USERNAME,
+        password: process.env.JSON_API_PASSWORD,
+        authUrl: process.env.JSON_API_AUTH_URL
+    } as mongoose.ConnectOptions);
+    const Test = mongoose.model('Test', new mongoose.Schema({
+        name: {
+            type: String,
+            required: true
+        },
+        email: {
+            type: String,
+            required: true
+        },
+        age: {
+            type: Number
+        }
+    }));
+
+    await Test.db.dropCollection('tests').catch(() => {});
+    await Test.createCollection();
+    // @ts-ignore
+    const token = mongoose.connection.getClient().httpClient.applicationToken;
+
+    const start = Date.now();
+    for (let i = 0; i < 10000; ++i) {
+        await axios.post(
+            `${process.env.JSON_API_URI}/tests`,
+            {
+                insertOne: {
+                    document: {
+                        name: `John Smith ${i}`,
+                        email: `john${i}@gmail.com`,
+                        age: 30
+                    }
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                headers: {
+                    Token: token
+                }
+            }
+        );
+    }
+    const results = {
+        name: 'benchmark-insert-axios',
+        totalTimeMS: Date.now() - start
+    };
+    console.log(JSON.stringify(results, null, '  '));
+}
diff --git a/benchmarks/benchmark-insert-mongoose.ts b/benchmarks/benchmark-insert-mongoose.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..538a314
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmarks/benchmark-insert-mongoose.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+import { driver } from '../';
+import mongoose from 'mongoose';
+
+mongoose.set('autoCreate', false);
+mongoose.set('autoIndex', false);
+
+mongoose.setDriver(driver);
+
+main().then(
+    () => process.exit(0),
+    err => {
+        console.error(err);
+        process.exit(-1);
+    }
+);
+
+async function main() {
+    await mongoose.connect(process.env.JSON_API_URI ?? '', {
+        username: process.env.JSON_API_USERNAME,
+        password: process.env.JSON_API_PASSWORD,
+        authUrl: process.env.JSON_API_AUTH_URL
+    } as mongoose.ConnectOptions);
+    const Test = mongoose.model('Test', new mongoose.Schema({
+        name: {
+            type: String,
+            required: true
+        },
+        email: {
+            type: String,
+            required: true
+        },
+        age: {
+            type: Number
+        }
+    }));
+
+    await Test.db.dropCollection('tests').catch(() => {});
+    await Test.createCollection();
+
+    const start = Date.now();
+    for (let i = 0; i < 10000; ++i) {
+        await Test.create({
+            name: `John Smith ${i}`,
+            email: `john${i}@gmail.com`,
+            age: 30
+        });
+    }
+    const results = {
+        name: 'benchmark-insert-mongoose',
+        totalTimeMS: Date.now() - start
+    };
+    console.log(JSON.stringify(results, null, '  '));
+}
diff --git a/benchmarks/setup-astra-vector-example.ts b/benchmarks/setup-astra-vector-example.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..915517d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmarks/setup-astra-vector-example.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+import { driver } from '../';
+import mongoose from 'mongoose';
+
+mongoose.set('autoCreate', false);
+mongoose.set('autoIndex', false);
+
+mongoose.setDriver(driver);
+
+main().then(
+    () => { process.exit(0); },
+    err => {
+        console.error(err);
+        process.exit(-1);
+    }
+);
+
+async function main() {
+    if (!process.env.ASTRA_CONNECTION_STRING) {
+        throw new Error('Must set ASTRA_CONNECTION_STRING');
+    }
+    if (!process.env.ASTRA_COLLECTION_NAME) {
+        throw new Error('Must set ASTRA_COLLECTION_NAME');
+    }
+    await mongoose.connect(process.env.ASTRA_CONNECTION_STRING, {
+        isAstra: true,
+        useHTTP2: false
+    } as mongoose.ConnectOptions);
+
+    const Vector = mongoose.model(
+        'Vector',
+        new mongoose.Schema({
+            $vector: {
+                type: [Number]
+            },
+            prompt: {
+                type: String,
+                required: true
+            }
+        }, {
+            collectionOptions: { vector: { dimension: 1536, metric: 'cosine' } },
+            autoCreate: false
+        }),
+        process.env.ASTRA_COLLECTION_NAME
+    );
+
+    console.log('Recreating collection...');
+    await Vector.db.dropCollection(process.env.ASTRA_COLLECTION_NAME);
+    await Vector.createCollection();
+
+    console.log('Creating vectors...');
+    const numVectors = 1000;
+    const start = Date.now();
+    for (let i = 0; i < numVectors; ++i) {
+        console.log(`${i} / ${numVectors}`);
+        const $vector = Array(1536).fill(0);
+        $vector[i] = 1;
+        for (let j = 0; j < 3; ++j) {
+            try {
+                await Vector.create({ $vector, prompt: `Test ${i}` });
+                break;
+            } catch (err) {
+                if (j >= 2) {
+                    throw err;
+                }
+                await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 100));
+            }
+        }
+      
+    }
+
+    console.log('Done', Date.now() - start);
+    process.exit(0);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/benchmarks/setup-pinecone-vector-example.ts b/benchmarks/setup-pinecone-vector-example.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..205df89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmarks/setup-pinecone-vector-example.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+import { Pinecone } from '@pinecone-database/pinecone';
+
+main().then(
+    () => { process.exit(0); },
+    err => {
+        console.error(err);
+        process.exit(-1);
+    }
+);
+
+async function main() {
+    if (!process.env.PINECONE_API_KEY || !process.env.PINECONE_INDEX) {
+        throw new Error('Cannot run pinecone setup without an API key');
+    }
+
+    const pinecone = new Pinecone();
+
+    console.log('Creating vectors...');
+
+    const numVectors = 1000;
+    const index = process.env.PINECONE_INDEX;
+    const start = Date.now();
+    for (let i = 0; i < numVectors; ++i) {
+        console.log(`${i} / ${numVectors}`);
+        const values: number[] = Array(1536).fill(0);
+        values[i] = 1;
+        await pinecone.index(index).upsert([{
+            id: '' + i,
+            values,
+            metadata: {
+                prompt: `Test ${i}`
+            }
+        }]);
+    }
+
+    console.log('Done', Date.now() - start);
+    process.exit(0);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/benchmarks/setup.ts b/benchmarks/setup.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f569006
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmarks/setup.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+import dotenv from 'dotenv';
+import path from 'path';
+
+dotenv.config({
+    path: path.join('benchmarks', '.env.benchmark')
+});
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/benchmarks/upload-results.ts b/benchmarks/upload-results.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..282bb32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmarks/upload-results.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+import { driver } from '../';
+import { execSync } from 'child_process';
+import fs from 'fs';
+import mongoose from 'mongoose';
+import path from 'path';
+
+mongoose.set('autoCreate', false);
+mongoose.set('autoIndex', false);
+
+mongoose.setDriver(driver);
+
+main().then(
+    () => { process.exit(0); },
+    err => {
+        console.error(err);
+        process.exit(-1);
+    }
+);
+
+async function main() {
+    if (!process.env.ASTRA_UPLOAD_CONNECTION_STRING) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const githash = execSync('git rev-parse HEAD').toString().trim();
+
+    await mongoose.connect(process.env.ASTRA_UPLOAD_CONNECTION_STRING, {
+        isAstra: true
+    } as mongoose.ConnectOptions);
+    const BenchmarkResult = mongoose.model(
+        'BenchmarkResult',
+        new mongoose.Schema({
+            githash: {
+                type: String,
+                required: true
+            },
+            name: {
+                type: String,
+                required: true
+            },
+            totalTimeMS: {
+                type: Number
+            }
+        }, { autoCreate: true, timestamps: true })
+    );
+    await BenchmarkResult.init();
+
+    const files = fs
+        .readdirSync(path.join('.', 'benchmarks'))
+        .filter(file => file.endsWith('.out'));
+    for (const file of files) {
+        const { name, totalTimeMS } = JSON.parse(
+            fs.readFileSync(path.join('.', 'benchmarks', file), 'utf8')
+        );
+        if (totalTimeMS == null) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        const doc = await BenchmarkResult.findOneAndUpdate(
+            { githash, name },
+            { totalTimeMS },
+            { upsert: true, returnDocument: 'after' }
+        );
+        console.log(doc);
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 5f4f878..d9e5a76 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@
     "url": "git+https://github.com/stargate/stargate-mongoose.git"
   },
   "scripts": {
+    "benchmarks": "npm run build; for file in ./benchmarks/benchmark-*.ts; do echo \"$file\"; ts-node -r ./benchmarks/setup \"$file\" > \"$file\".out; cat \"$file\".out; done",
     "lint": "eslint .",
     "test": "env TEST_DOC_DB=jsonapi ts-mocha --forbid-only --paths -p tsconfig.json tests/**/*.test.ts",
     "test-astra": "env TEST_DOC_DB=astra nyc ts-mocha --forbid-only --paths -p tsconfig.json tests/**/*.test.ts",