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<html>
<header>
<title>The <em class="foreign">Il Papa</em> manuscript</title>
</header>
<body background="watermark-tracing.png">
<h1>The <em class="foreign">Il Papa</em> manuscript</h1>
<h2>Background</h2>
<p>
The <em class="foreign">Il Papa</em> manuscript is a manuscript
of uncertain date; According to the <a href="#nypl-ref">NYPL</a>
information, it seems to come from the collection of Walter
Toscannini, at least at some point, and he seems to have claimed
it's from around 1500. But little about the manuscript is known
for certain.
</p>
<p>
Similarly the three dance authors mentioned in the
manuscript, <em class="foreign">il
Papa</em>, <em class="foreign">il Lanzino</em>,
and <em class="foreign">Giovannino</em> are of uncertain
providence. While there is possibly a link between Giovanni
Ambrosio (the name Guglielmo Ebreo took after his
conversion <a href="#sparti-ref">[Sparti, p. 15]</a>) and the
Giovannino listed in this manuscript, Giovanni is an incredibly
common name, so we don't take this coincidence as all that
important. Jennifer Neville mentions an early sixteenth century
dance master named <em class="foreign">Lanzo</em> who could
be <em class="foreign">il
Lanzino</em> <a href="#neville-ref">[Neville, p. 51]</a>.
</p>
<p>
We can tell some things from context however. We see many signs
in the steps in this manuscript that confirm that it lies
somewhere between those dances described by Domenico, Ebreo, and
Cornazano, and those described by Caroso, Negri, etc. See our
step reconstructions for more details on this - but as a teaser,
we'll say right here, up front, there are a couple formerly
missing links in this manuscript between the two corpora.
Neville tells us the general community tends to think the
manuscript is from somewhere between 1500 and 1550, with David
Wilson claiming 1500-1525, and Barbara Sparti claiming
1515-1520 <a href="#neville-ref">[Neville, p. 51]</a>.
<!-- TODO: Check dates of Ebreo manuscripts in Smith, and of
earliest books/manuscripts from the 16th century repertoire,
interpolate. -->
</p>
<p>
Speaking of background, the background of this page is a tracing
of the watermark we found in the many blank pages at the end of
the manuscript. We were surprised when we looked at the
original to see just how many blank pages there were at the end
(we knew of none, there were a lot). These blank pages are in a
different gathering than the text of the dances - so it is
possible that the paper doesn't match (and we don't have a good
picture of the watermark on the pages with dance text).
Nevertheless, the watermark might provide a better clue than we
currently have for the date of the manuscript. We therefore
have two pictures of the watermark for people to peruse
<a href="./watermark-1.jpg">here</a> and
<a href="./watermark-2.jpg">here</a> (pictures courtesy of the
Jerome Robbins Dance Division, The New York Public Library for
the Performing Arts). If anyone can locate information about
this watermark, especially including when and where it was used,
we would very much like to know.
</p>
<h2>Components</h2>
<dl>
<dt><a href="transcription/il-papa-transcription.html">Transcription</a></dt>
<dd>...</dd>
<dt><a href="translation/il-papa-translation.html">Translation</a></dt>
<dd>...</dd>
<dt><a href="reconstruction/il-papa-reconstruction.html">Reconstructions</a></dt>
<dd>Our reconstructions of the steps and dances from this
manuscript</dd>
<!-- Notes to add: Often, with our bad copy, we mis-transcribed
a word (sometimes rather badly). It's interesting to note
in that a significant proportion of these (probably a
significant majority), when we got a better copy, or looked
at the original, and were able to correct our
transcription, correcting the transcription made no
difference to our translation - language is very fluid!
-->
<dt><a href="music/il-papa-music.html">Music</a></dt>
<dd>Music we have written for some of the dances found in this
manuscript</dd>
<dt><a href="notes/il-papa-notes.html">Other notes of interest</a></dt>
<dd>Our conclusions, theories, and wild speculations, outside of
specific step reconstructions</dd>
</dl>
<h2>References</h2>
<ul>
<li id="nypl-ref">
The original manuscript, entitled by the NYPL, "Manoscritto di
balletti composti da Giovannino e Il Lanzino e Il Papa;
scritto da Cosimo Ticcio. [155-?]", is part of the Cia
Fornaroli Collection, in the Jerome Robbins Dance Division of
the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts. They
have Casazza and Cain's transcription on-line there too, at
<a href="https://www.nypl.org/node/33839">https://www.nypl.org/node/33839</a>.
</li>
<li>A. William Smith, "Fifteenth-Century Dance and Music",
Volumes I and II, Pendragon Press, Stuyvesant, NY, 1995</li>
<li id="sparti-ref">
Barbara Sparti, "<em class="foreign">Guglielmo Ebreo of
Pesaro</em> on the Practice or Art of Dancing", Clarendon
Press, Oxford, 1993
</li>
<li id="neville-ref">
<a href="https://books.google.ca/books?id=97SF7x99R0MC&pg=PA51&lpg=PA51&dq=il+lanzino&source=bl&ots=0fu9so8NN_&sig=m9a0dYH0NSVywVI1IKzPagu-RQ0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjx4budupHSAhVo5oMKHcEgAFcQ6AEITDAH#v=onepage&q=il%20lanzino&f=false">Dance, Spectacle, and the Body Politick, 1250-1750, ed. (and introduction by) Jennifer Neville</a>
</li>
<li id="rosina-ref">
Private conversations with Vivian Stephens, author of <a href="http://sca.uwaterloo.ca/~praetzel/Joy_Jealousy/book/jj-begin.pdf">Joy and Jealosy, A Manual of 15<sup>th</sup>-Century Italian Balli</a>
</li>
<li>
Much, if not all, of the musical information we have about these dances is due to private correspondence with Lisa K. Koch. We are deeply indepted to her.
</li>
</ul>
</body>
<footer>
This page tree, including transcription, translation, notes, and reconstruction of the <em class="foreign">Il Papa</em> manuscript, © Copyright 2017 by Susan and Nathan Kronenfeld. Free for non-profit or accademic use with attribution. We believe this is not in conflict with the copyrights of the New York Public Library, Joseph Cassaza, or Elizabeth Cain on their previous work. For more information, please contact us at
<a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a> or
<a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a>
</footer>
<html>