From e239100563edd4699d6cc74bdfe27b50aad88d61 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jelle Zijlstra <jelle.zijlstra@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 22 Jun 2024 00:03:32 -0700
Subject: [PATCH] Add TypeExpr (#430)

---
 CHANGELOG.md                  |  2 ++
 doc/index.rst                 |  6 ++++
 src/test_typing_extensions.py | 59 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/typing_extensions.py      | 50 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 117 insertions(+)

diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index c0226826..68c4cf34 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 # Unreleased
 
+- Add `typing_extensions.TypeExpr` from PEP 747. Patch by
+  Jelle Zijlstra.
 - Add `typing_extensions.get_annotations`, a backport of
   `inspect.get_annotations` that adds features specified
   by PEP 649. Patches by Jelle Zijlstra and Alex Waygood.
diff --git a/doc/index.rst b/doc/index.rst
index 15c9c8d5..23a531c4 100644
--- a/doc/index.rst
+++ b/doc/index.rst
@@ -367,6 +367,12 @@ Special typing primitives
 
    .. versionadded:: 4.6.0
 
+.. data:: TypeExpr
+
+   See :pep:`747`. A type hint representing a type expression.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 4.13.0
+
 .. data:: TypeGuard
 
    See :py:data:`typing.TypeGuard` and :pep:`647`. In ``typing`` since 3.10.
diff --git a/src/test_typing_extensions.py b/src/test_typing_extensions.py
index 362845fe..868e7938 100644
--- a/src/test_typing_extensions.py
+++ b/src/test_typing_extensions.py
@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@
     TypeAlias,
     TypeAliasType,
     TypedDict,
+    TypeExpr,
     TypeGuard,
     TypeIs,
     TypeVar,
@@ -5468,6 +5469,64 @@ def test_no_isinstance(self):
             issubclass(int, TypeIs)
 
 
+class TypeExprTests(BaseTestCase):
+    def test_basics(self):
+        TypeExpr[int]  # OK
+        self.assertEqual(TypeExpr[int], TypeExpr[int])
+
+        def foo(arg) -> TypeExpr[int]: ...
+        self.assertEqual(gth(foo), {'return': TypeExpr[int]})
+
+    def test_repr(self):
+        if hasattr(typing, 'TypeExpr'):
+            mod_name = 'typing'
+        else:
+            mod_name = 'typing_extensions'
+        self.assertEqual(repr(TypeExpr), f'{mod_name}.TypeExpr')
+        cv = TypeExpr[int]
+        self.assertEqual(repr(cv), f'{mod_name}.TypeExpr[int]')
+        cv = TypeExpr[Employee]
+        self.assertEqual(repr(cv), f'{mod_name}.TypeExpr[{__name__}.Employee]')
+        cv = TypeExpr[Tuple[int]]
+        self.assertEqual(repr(cv), f'{mod_name}.TypeExpr[typing.Tuple[int]]')
+
+    def test_cannot_subclass(self):
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            class C(type(TypeExpr)):
+                pass
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            class D(type(TypeExpr[int])):
+                pass
+
+    def test_call(self):
+        objs = [
+            1,
+            "int",
+            int,
+            Tuple[int, str],
+        ]
+        for obj in objs:
+            with self.subTest(obj=obj):
+                self.assertIs(TypeExpr(obj), obj)
+
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            TypeExpr()
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            TypeExpr("too", "many")
+
+    def test_cannot_init_type(self):
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            type(TypeExpr)()
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            type(TypeExpr[Optional[int]])()
+
+    def test_no_isinstance(self):
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            isinstance(1, TypeExpr[int])
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            issubclass(int, TypeExpr)
+
+
 class LiteralStringTests(BaseTestCase):
     def test_basics(self):
         class Foo:
diff --git a/src/typing_extensions.py b/src/typing_extensions.py
index d5d0a115..8046dae1 100644
--- a/src/typing_extensions.py
+++ b/src/typing_extensions.py
@@ -86,6 +86,7 @@
     'Text',
     'TypeAlias',
     'TypeAliasType',
+    'TypeExpr',
     'TypeGuard',
     'TypeIs',
     'TYPE_CHECKING',
@@ -2045,6 +2046,55 @@ def f(val: Union[int, Awaitable[int]]) -> int:
         PEP 742 (Narrowing types with TypeIs).
         """)
 
+# 3.14+?
+if hasattr(typing, 'TypeExpr'):
+    TypeExpr = typing.TypeExpr
+# 3.9
+elif sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 9):
+    class _TypeExprForm(_ExtensionsSpecialForm, _root=True):
+        # TypeExpr(X) is equivalent to X but indicates to the type checker
+        # that the object is a TypeExpr.
+        def __call__(self, obj, /):
+            return obj
+
+    @_TypeExprForm
+    def TypeExpr(self, parameters):
+        """Special typing form used to represent a type expression.
+
+        Usage:
+
+            def cast[T](typ: TypeExpr[T], value: Any) -> T: ...
+
+            reveal_type(cast(int, "x"))  # int
+
+        See PEP 747 for more information.
+        """
+        item = typing._type_check(parameters, f'{self} accepts only a single type.')
+        return typing._GenericAlias(self, (item,))
+# 3.8
+else:
+    class _TypeExprForm(_ExtensionsSpecialForm, _root=True):
+        def __getitem__(self, parameters):
+            item = typing._type_check(parameters,
+                                      f'{self._name} accepts only a single type')
+            return typing._GenericAlias(self, (item,))
+
+        def __call__(self, obj, /):
+            return obj
+
+    TypeExpr = _TypeExprForm(
+        'TypeExpr',
+        doc="""Special typing form used to represent a type expression.
+
+        Usage:
+
+            def cast[T](typ: TypeExpr[T], value: Any) -> T: ...
+
+            reveal_type(cast(int, "x"))  # int
+
+        See PEP 747 for more information.
+        """)
+
 
 # Vendored from cpython typing._SpecialFrom
 class _SpecialForm(typing._Final, _root=True):