diff --git a/poetry.lock b/poetry.lock
index 602bc61..b00f9c3 100644
--- a/poetry.lock
+++ b/poetry.lock
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# This file is automatically @generated by Poetry 2.2.1 and should not be changed by hand.
+# This file is automatically @generated by Poetry 2.3.2 and should not be changed by hand.
 
 [[package]]
 name = "alabaster"
@@ -436,6 +436,107 @@ MarkupSafe = ">=2.0"
 [package.extras]
 i18n = ["Babel (>=2.7)"]
 
+[[package]]
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+version = "0.8.1"
+description = "Mypyc runtime library"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.9"
+groups = ["dev"]
+markers = "platform_python_implementation != \"PyPy\""
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+
 [[package]]
 name = "markupsafe"
 version = "2.1.5"
@@ -508,53 +609,64 @@ files = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "mypy"
-version = "0.990"
+version = "1.19.1"
 description = "Optional static typing for Python"
 optional = false
-python-versions = ">=3.7"
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 groups = ["dev"]
 files = [
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+    {file = "mypy-1.19.1-cp39-cp39-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:409088884802d511ee52ca067707b90c883426bd95514e8cfda8281dc2effe24"},
+    {file = "mypy-1.19.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:f1235f5ea01b7db5468d53ece6aaddf1ad0b88d9e7462b86ef96fe04995d7247"},
+    {file = "mypy-1.19.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:19d88bb05303fe63f71dd2c6270daca27cb9401c4ca8255fe50d1d920e0eb9ba"},
 ]
 
 [package.dependencies]
-mypy-extensions = ">=0.4.3"
+librt = {version = ">=0.6.2", markers = "platform_python_implementation != \"PyPy\""}
+mypy_extensions = ">=1.0.0"
+pathspec = ">=0.9.0"
 tomli = {version = ">=1.1.0", markers = "python_version < \"3.11\""}
-typing-extensions = ">=3.10"
+typing_extensions = ">=4.6.0"
 
 [package.extras]
 dmypy = ["psutil (>=4.0)"]
+faster-cache = ["orjson"]
 install-types = ["pip"]
-python2 = ["typed-ast (>=1.4.0,<2)"]
+mypyc = ["setuptools (>=50)"]
 reports = ["lxml"]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -596,6 +708,24 @@ files = [
     {file = "packaging-24.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:eb82c5e3e56209074766e6885bb04b8c38a0c015d0a30036ebe7ece34c9989e9"},
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "pathspec"
+version = "1.0.4"
+description = "Utility library for gitignore style pattern matching of file paths."
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.9"
+groups = ["dev"]
+files = [
+    {file = "pathspec-1.0.4-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:fb6ae2fd4e7c921a165808a552060e722767cfa526f99ca5156ed2ce45a5c723"},
+    {file = "pathspec-1.0.4.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:0210e2ae8a21a9137c0d470578cb0e595af87edaa6ebf12ff176f14a02e0e645"},
+]
+
+[package.extras]
+hyperscan = ["hyperscan (>=0.7)"]
+optional = ["typing-extensions (>=4)"]
+re2 = ["google-re2 (>=1.1)"]
+tests = ["pytest (>=9)", "typing-extensions (>=4.15)"]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "platformdirs"
 version = "4.0.0"
@@ -1070,4 +1200,4 @@ test = ["big-O", "jaraco.functools", "jaraco.itertools", "jaraco.test", "more-it
 [metadata]
 lock-version = "2.1"
 python-versions = ">=3.9"
-content-hash = "2528f55c9a960b658ee758585ba3b1c76546a8bf1c53fe61bc724e6eb045ade6"
+content-hash = "0eec9d00c51b390c077534841b531d85c22a7aa138e622b20525166f6a628967"
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index c30819e..b424f57 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ pytest = "^7.2.0"
 pytest-cov = "^4.0.0"
 PyYAML = "^6.0"
 pre-commit = "^2.20.0"
-mypy = "^0.990"
+mypy = "1.19.1"
 Sphinx = "^4.3.2"
 furo = "^2022.9.29"
 
@@ -54,6 +54,15 @@ force-single-line = true
 lines-after-imports = 2
 lines-between-types = 1
 
+[tool.mypy]
+files = "tomlkit, tests"
+strict = true
+enable_error_code = [
+    "ignore-without-code",
+    "redundant-expr",
+    "truthy-bool",
+]
+
 [build-system]
 requires = ["poetry-core>=1.0.0a9"]
 build-backend = "poetry.core.masonry.api"
diff --git a/tests/conftest.py b/tests/conftest.py
index ec7956c..8a7d301 100644
--- a/tests/conftest.py
+++ b/tests/conftest.py
@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 import os
 
+from collections.abc import Callable
+
 import pytest
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
-def example():
-    def _example(name):
+def example() -> Callable[[str], str]:
+    def _example(name: str) -> str:
         with open(
             os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "examples", name + ".toml"),
             encoding="utf-8",
@@ -16,8 +18,8 @@ def _example(name):
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
-def json_example():
-    def _example(name):
+def json_example() -> Callable[[str], str]:
+    def _example(name: str) -> str:
         with open(
             os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "examples", "json", name + ".json"),
             encoding="utf-8",
@@ -28,8 +30,8 @@ def _example(name):
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
-def invalid_example():
-    def _example(name):
+def invalid_example() -> Callable[[str], str]:
+    def _example(name: str) -> str:
         with open(
             os.path.join(
                 os.path.dirname(__file__), "examples", "invalid", name + ".toml"
diff --git a/tests/test_api.py b/tests/test_api.py
index 3d6d8ae..eb27229 100644
--- a/tests/test_api.py
+++ b/tests/test_api.py
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@
 from datetime import datetime
 from datetime import time
 from types import MappingProxyType
+from typing import Any
+from typing import Callable
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -38,7 +40,7 @@
 from tomlkit.toml_document import TOMLDocument
 
 
-def json_serial(obj):
+def json_serial(obj: Any) -> str:
     """JSON serializer for objects not serializable by default json code"""
     if isinstance(obj, (datetime, date, time)):
         return obj.isoformat()
@@ -62,7 +64,9 @@ def json_serial(obj):
         "table_names",
     ],
 )
-def test_parse_can_parse_valid_toml_files(example, example_name):
+def test_parse_can_parse_valid_toml_files(
+    example: Callable[[str], str], example_name: str
+) -> None:
     assert isinstance(parse(example(example_name)), TOMLDocument)
     assert isinstance(loads(example(example_name)), TOMLDocument)
 
@@ -83,7 +87,7 @@ def test_parse_can_parse_valid_toml_files(example, example_name):
         "table_names",
     ],
 )
-def test_load_from_file_object(example_name):
+def test_load_from_file_object(example_name: str) -> None:
     with open(
         os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "examples", example_name + ".toml"),
         encoding="utf-8",
@@ -93,8 +97,8 @@ def test_load_from_file_object(example_name):
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("example_name", ["0.5.0", "pyproject", "table_names"])
 def test_parsed_document_are_properly_json_representable(
-    example, json_example, example_name
-):
+    example: Callable[[str], str], json_example: Callable[[str], str], example_name: str
+) -> None:
     doc = json.loads(json.dumps(parse(example(example_name)), default=json_serial))
     json_doc = json.loads(json_example(example_name))
 
@@ -123,8 +127,8 @@ def test_parsed_document_are_properly_json_representable(
     ],
 )
 def test_parse_raises_errors_for_invalid_toml_files(
-    invalid_example, error, example_name
-):
+    invalid_example: Callable[[str], str], error: type[Exception], example_name: str
+) -> None:
     with pytest.raises(error):
         parse(invalid_example(example_name))
 
@@ -142,69 +146,71 @@ def test_parse_raises_errors_for_invalid_toml_files(
         "table_names",
     ],
 )
-def test_original_string_and_dumped_string_are_equal(example, example_name):
+def test_original_string_and_dumped_string_are_equal(
+    example: Callable[[str], str], example_name: str
+) -> None:
     content = example(example_name)
     parsed = parse(content)
 
     assert content == dumps(parsed)
 
 
-def test_a_raw_dict_can_be_dumped():
+def test_a_raw_dict_can_be_dumped() -> None:
     s = dumps({"foo": "bar"})
 
     assert s == 'foo = "bar"\n'
 
 
-def test_mapping_types_can_be_dumped():
+def test_mapping_types_can_be_dumped() -> None:
     x = MappingProxyType({"foo": "bar"})
     assert dumps(x) == 'foo = "bar"\n'
 
 
-def test_dumps_weird_object():
+def test_dumps_weird_object() -> None:
     with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-        dumps(object())
+        dumps(object())  # type: ignore[arg-type]
 
 
-def test_dump_tuple_value_as_array():
-    x = {"foo": (1, 2)}
+def test_dump_tuple_value_as_array() -> None:
+    x: dict[str, Any] = {"foo": (1, 2)}
     assert dumps(x) == "foo = [1, 2]\n"
 
     x = {"foo": ({"a": 1}, {"a": 2})}
     assert dumps(x) == "[[foo]]\na = 1\n\n[[foo]]\na = 2\n"
 
 
-def test_dump_to_file_object():
+def test_dump_to_file_object() -> None:
     doc = {"foo": "bar"}
     fp = io.StringIO()
     dump(doc, fp)
     assert fp.getvalue() == 'foo = "bar"\n'
 
 
-def test_dump_nested_dotted_table():
-    a = tomlkit.parse("a.b.c.d='e'")["a"]
+def test_dump_nested_dotted_table() -> None:
+    a: Any = tomlkit.parse("a.b.c.d='e'")["a"]
     assert a == {"b": {"c": {"d": "e"}}}
     assert dumps(a) == "b.c.d='e'"
 
 
-def test_integer():
+def test_integer() -> None:
     i = tomlkit.integer("34")
 
     assert isinstance(i, Integer)
 
 
-def test_float():
+def test_float() -> None:
     i = tomlkit.float_("34.56")
 
     assert isinstance(i, Float)
 
 
-def test_boolean():
+def test_boolean() -> None:
     i = tomlkit.boolean("true")
 
     assert isinstance(i, Bool)
 
 
-def test_date():
+def test_date() -> None:
     dt = tomlkit.date("1979-05-13")
 
     assert isinstance(dt, Date)
@@ -213,7 +219,7 @@ def test_date():
         tomlkit.date("12:34:56")
 
 
-def test_time():
+def test_time() -> None:
     dt = tomlkit.time("12:34:56")
 
     assert isinstance(dt, Time)
@@ -222,7 +228,7 @@ def test_time():
         tomlkit.time("1979-05-13")
 
 
-def test_datetime():
+def test_datetime() -> None:
     dt = tomlkit.datetime("1979-05-13T12:34:56")
 
     assert isinstance(dt, DateTime)
@@ -231,7 +237,7 @@ def test_datetime():
         tomlkit.time("1979-05-13")
 
 
-def test_array():
+def test_array() -> None:
     a = tomlkit.array()
 
     assert isinstance(a, Array)
@@ -241,45 +247,45 @@ def test_array():
     assert isinstance(a, Array)
 
 
-def test_table():
+def test_table() -> None:
     t = tomlkit.table()
 
     assert isinstance(t, Table)
 
 
-def test_inline_table():
+def test_inline_table() -> None:
     t = tomlkit.inline_table()
 
     assert isinstance(t, InlineTable)
 
 
-def test_aot():
+def test_aot() -> None:
     t = tomlkit.aot()
 
     assert isinstance(t, AoT)
 
 
-def test_key():
+def test_key() -> None:
     k = tomlkit.key("foo")
 
     assert isinstance(k, Key)
 
 
-def test_key_value():
+def test_key_value() -> None:
     k, i = tomlkit.key_value("foo = 12")
 
     assert isinstance(k, Key)
     assert isinstance(i, Integer)
 
 
-def test_string():
+def test_string() -> None:
     s = tomlkit.string('foo "')
 
     assert s.value == 'foo "'
     assert s.as_string() == '"foo \\""'
 
 
-def test_item_dict_to_table():
+def test_item_dict_to_table() -> None:
     t = tomlkit.item({"foo": {"bar": "baz"}})
 
     assert t.value == {"foo": {"bar": "baz"}}
@@ -291,7 +297,7 @@ def test_item_dict_to_table():
     )
 
 
-def test_item_mixed_aray():
+def test_item_mixed_aray() -> None:
     example = [{"a": 3}, "b", 42]
     expected = '[{a = 3}, "b", 42]'
     t = tomlkit.item(example)
@@ -299,7 +305,7 @@ def test_item_mixed_aray():
     assert dumps({"x": {"y": example}}).strip() == "[x]\ny = " + expected
 
 
-def test_build_super_table():
+def test_build_super_table() -> None:
     doc = tomlkit.document()
     table = tomlkit.table(True)
     table.add("bar", {"x": 1})
@@ -307,7 +313,7 @@ def test_build_super_table():
     assert doc.as_string() == "[foo.bar]\nx = 1\n"
 
 
-def test_add_dotted_key():
+def test_add_dotted_key() -> None:
     doc = tomlkit.document()
     doc.add(tomlkit.key(["foo", "bar"]), 1)
     assert doc.as_string() == "foo.bar = 1\n"
@@ -324,15 +330,15 @@ def test_add_dotted_key():
         ("false", False),
     ],
 )
-def test_value_parses_boolean(raw, expected):
+def test_value_parses_boolean(raw: str, expected: bool) -> None:
     parsed = tomlkit.value(raw)
-    assert parsed == expected
+    assert parsed == expected  # type: ignore[comparison-overlap]
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     "raw", ["t", "f", "tru", "fals", "test", "friend", "truthy", "falsify"]
 )
-def test_value_rejects_values_looking_like_bool_at_start(raw):
+def test_value_rejects_values_looking_like_bool_at_start(raw: str) -> None:
     """Reproduces https://github.com/sdispater/tomlkit/issues/165"""
     with pytest.raises(tomlkit.exceptions.ParseError):
         tomlkit.value(raw)
@@ -347,7 +353,7 @@ def test_value_rejects_values_looking_like_bool_at_start(raw):
         "true_hip_hop",
     ],
 )
-def test_value_rejects_values_having_true_prefix(raw):
+def test_value_rejects_values_having_true_prefix(raw: str) -> None:
     """Values that have ``true`` or ``false`` as prefix but then have additional chars are rejected."""
     with pytest.raises(tomlkit.exceptions.ParseError):
         tomlkit.value(raw)
@@ -362,7 +368,7 @@ def test_value_rejects_values_having_true_prefix(raw):
         "false_prophet",
     ],
 )
-def test_value_rejects_values_having_false_prefix(raw):
+def test_value_rejects_values_having_false_prefix(raw: str) -> None:
     """Values that have ``true`` or ``false`` as prefix but then have additional chars are rejected."""
     with pytest.raises(tomlkit.exceptions.ParseError):
         tomlkit.value(raw)
@@ -384,18 +390,18 @@ def test_value_rejects_values_having_false_prefix(raw):
         "false{a=1}",
     ],
 )
-def test_value_rejects_values_with_appendage(raw):
+def test_value_rejects_values_with_appendage(raw: str) -> None:
     """Values that appear valid at the beginning but leave chars unparsed are rejected."""
     with pytest.raises(tomlkit.exceptions.ParseError):
         tomlkit.value(raw)
 
 
-def test_create_super_table_with_table():
+def test_create_super_table_with_table() -> None:
     data = {"foo": {"bar": {"a": 1}}}
     assert dumps(data) == "[foo.bar]\na = 1\n"
 
 
-def test_create_super_table_with_aot():
+def test_create_super_table_with_aot() -> None:
     data = {"foo": {"bar": [{"a": 1}]}}
     assert dumps(data) == "[[foo.bar]]\na = 1\n"
 
@@ -442,7 +448,7 @@ def test_create_super_table_with_aot():
         ),
     ],
 )
-def test_create_string(kwargs, example, expected):
+def test_create_string(kwargs: dict[str, Any], example: str, expected: str) -> None:
     value = tomlkit.string(example, **kwargs)
     assert value.as_string() == expected
 
@@ -460,12 +466,14 @@ def test_create_string(kwargs, example, expected):
         ({"multiline": True, "literal": True}, "My'''String"),
     ],
 )
-def test_create_string_with_invalid_characters(kwargs, example):
+def test_create_string_with_invalid_characters(
+    kwargs: dict[str, Any], example: str
+) -> None:
     with pytest.raises(InvalidStringError):
         tomlkit.string(example, **kwargs)
 
 
-def test_parse_empty_quoted_table_name():
+def test_parse_empty_quoted_table_name() -> None:
     content = "['']\nx = 1\n"
     parsed = loads(content)
     assert parsed == {"": {"x": 1}}
diff --git a/tests/test_build.py b/tests/test_build.py
index 136abb8..66fa224 100644
--- a/tests/test_build.py
+++ b/tests/test_build.py
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 import datetime
 
+from collections.abc import Callable
+
 from tomlkit import aot
 from tomlkit import array
 from tomlkit import comment
@@ -11,7 +13,7 @@
 from tomlkit._utils import _utc
 
 
-def test_build_example(example):
+def test_build_example(example: Callable[[str], str]) -> None:
     content = example("example")
 
     doc = document()
@@ -38,9 +40,8 @@ def test_build_example(example):
 
     servers = table()
     servers.add(nl())
-    c = comment(
-        "You can indent as you please. Tabs or spaces. TOML don't care."
-    ).indent(2)
+    c = comment("You can indent as you please. Tabs or spaces. TOML don't care.")
+    c.indent(2)
     c.trivia.trail = ""
     servers.add(c)
     alpha = table()
@@ -95,7 +96,7 @@ def test_build_example(example):
     assert content == doc.as_string()
 
 
-def test_add_remove():
+def test_add_remove() -> None:
     content = ""
 
     doc = parse(content)
@@ -112,7 +113,7 @@ def test_add_remove():
     assert doc.as_string() == ""
 
 
-def test_append_table_after_multiple_indices():
+def test_append_table_after_multiple_indices() -> None:
     content = """
     [packages]
     foo = "*"
@@ -127,7 +128,7 @@ def test_append_table_after_multiple_indices():
     doc.append("foobar", {"name": "John"})
 
 
-def test_top_level_keys_are_put_at_the_root_of_the_document():
+def test_top_level_keys_are_put_at_the_root_of_the_document() -> None:
     doc = document()
     doc.add(comment("Comment"))
     doc["foo"] = {"name": "test"}
diff --git a/tests/test_items.py b/tests/test_items.py
index c465898..f5cbbde 100644
--- a/tests/test_items.py
+++ b/tests/test_items.py
@@ -1,12 +1,17 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import copy
 import math
 import pickle
 
+from collections.abc import Callable
 from datetime import date
 from datetime import datetime
 from datetime import time
 from datetime import timedelta
 from datetime import timezone
+from datetime import tzinfo
+from typing import Any
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -33,50 +38,50 @@
 
 
 @pytest.fixture()
-def tz_pst():
+def tz_pst() -> tzinfo:
     try:
         from datetime import timezone
 
         return timezone(timedelta(hours=-8), "PST")
     except ImportError:
-        from datetime import tzinfo
+        from datetime import tzinfo as _tzinfo
 
-        class PST(tzinfo):
-            def utcoffset(self, dt):
+        class PST(_tzinfo):
+            def utcoffset(self, dt: datetime | None) -> timedelta:
                 return timedelta(hours=-8)
 
-            def tzname(self, dt):
+            def tzname(self, dt: datetime | None) -> str:
                 return "PST"
 
-            def dst(self, dt):
+            def dst(self, dt: datetime | None) -> timedelta:
                 return timedelta(0)
 
         return PST()
 
 
 @pytest.fixture()
-def tz_utc():
+def tz_utc() -> tzinfo:
     try:
         from datetime import timezone
 
         return timezone.utc
     except ImportError:
-        from datetime import tzinfo
+        from datetime import tzinfo as _tzinfo
 
-        class UTC(tzinfo):
-            def utcoffset(self, dt):
+        class UTC(_tzinfo):
+            def utcoffset(self, dt: datetime | None) -> timedelta:
                 return timedelta(hours=0)
 
-            def tzname(self, dt):
+            def tzname(self, dt: datetime | None) -> str:
                 return "UTC"
 
-            def dst(self, dt):
+            def dst(self, dt: datetime | None) -> timedelta:
                 return timedelta(0)
 
         return UTC()
 
 
-def test_item_base_has_no_unwrap():
+def test_item_base_has_no_unwrap() -> None:
     trivia = Trivia(indent="\t", comment_ws=" ", comment="For unit test")
     item = Item(trivia)
     try:
@@ -87,37 +92,37 @@ def test_item_base_has_no_unwrap():
         raise AssertionError("`items.Item` should not implement `unwrap`")
 
 
-def test_integer_unwrap():
+def test_integer_unwrap() -> None:
     elementary_test(item(666), int)
 
 
-def test_float_unwrap():
+def test_float_unwrap() -> None:
     elementary_test(item(2.78), float)
 
 
-def test_false_unwrap():
+def test_false_unwrap() -> None:
     elementary_test(item(False), bool)
 
 
-def test_true_unwrap():
+def test_true_unwrap() -> None:
     elementary_test(item(True), bool)
 
 
-def test_datetime_unwrap():
+def test_datetime_unwrap() -> None:
     dt = datetime.now(tz=timezone.utc)
     elementary_test(item(dt), datetime)
 
 
-def test_string_unwrap():
+def test_string_unwrap() -> None:
     elementary_test(item("hello"), str)
 
 
-def test_null_unwrap():
+def test_null_unwrap() -> None:
     n = Null()
     elementary_test(n, type(None))
 
 
-def test_aot_unwrap():
+def test_aot_unwrap() -> None:
     d = item([{"a": "A"}, {"b": "B"}])
     unwrapped = d.unwrap()
     assert_is_ppo(unwrapped, list)
@@ -129,7 +134,7 @@ def test_aot_unwrap():
             assert_is_ppo(vu, str)
 
 
-def test_aot_set_item():
+def test_aot_set_item() -> None:
     d = item(["A", {"b": "B"}, ["c", "D"]])
     d[0] = "C"
     assert isinstance(d[0], String)
@@ -142,17 +147,17 @@ def test_aot_set_item():
     assert d[0][1] == "C"
 
 
-def test_time_unwrap():
+def test_time_unwrap() -> None:
     t = time(3, 8, 14)
     elementary_test(item(t), time)
 
 
-def test_date_unwrap():
+def test_date_unwrap() -> None:
     d = date.today()
     elementary_test(item(d), date)
 
 
-def test_array_unwrap():
+def test_array_unwrap() -> None:
     trivia = Trivia(indent="\t", comment_ws=" ", comment="For unit test")
     i = item(666)
     f = item(2.78)
@@ -165,7 +170,7 @@ def test_array_unwrap():
     assert_is_ppo(a_unwrapped[2], bool)
 
 
-def test_abstract_table_unwrap():
+def test_abstract_table_unwrap() -> None:
     table = item({"foo": "bar"})
     super_table = item({"table": table, "baz": "borg"})
 
@@ -179,7 +184,7 @@ def test_abstract_table_unwrap():
         assert_is_ppo(vu, str)
 
 
-def test_key_comparison():
+def test_key_comparison() -> None:
     k = Key("foo")
 
     assert k == Key("foo")
@@ -188,7 +193,7 @@ def test_key_comparison():
     assert k != 5
 
 
-def test_items_can_be_appended_to_and_removed_from_a_table():
+def test_items_can_be_appended_to_and_removed_from_a_table() -> None:
     string = """[table]
 """
 
@@ -221,12 +226,14 @@ def test_items_can_be_appended_to_and_removed_from_a_table():
         table.remove(Key("foo"))
 
 
-def test_items_can_be_appended_to_and_removed_from_an_inline_table():
+def test_items_can_be_appended_to_and_removed_from_an_inline_table() -> None:
     string = """table = {}
 """
 
     parser = Parser(string)
-    _, table = parser._parse_item()
+    result = parser._parse_item()
+    assert result is not None
+    _, table = result
 
     assert isinstance(table, InlineTable)
     assert table.as_string() == "{}"
@@ -251,7 +258,7 @@ def test_items_can_be_appended_to_and_removed_from_an_inline_table():
         table.remove(Key("foo"))
 
 
-def test_inf_and_nan_are_supported(example):
+def test_inf_and_nan_are_supported(example: Callable[[str], str]) -> None:
     content = example("0.5.0")
     doc = parse(content)
 
@@ -264,7 +271,9 @@ def test_inf_and_nan_are_supported(example):
     assert math.isnan(doc["sf6"])
 
 
-def test_hex_octal_and_bin_integers_are_supported(example):
+def test_hex_octal_and_bin_integers_are_supported(
+    example: Callable[[str], str],
+) -> None:
     content = example("0.5.0")
     doc = parse(content)
 
@@ -278,7 +287,7 @@ def test_hex_octal_and_bin_integers_are_supported(example):
     assert doc["bin1"] == 214
 
 
-def test_key_automatically_sets_proper_string_type_if_not_bare():
+def test_key_automatically_sets_proper_string_type_if_not_bare() -> None:
     key = Key("foo.bar")
 
     assert key.t == KeyType.Basic
@@ -287,7 +296,7 @@ def test_key_automatically_sets_proper_string_type_if_not_bare():
     assert key.t == KeyType.Basic
 
 
-def test_array_behaves_like_a_list():
+def test_array_behaves_like_a_list() -> None:
     a = item([1, 2])
 
     assert a == [1, 2]
@@ -333,7 +342,7 @@ def test_array_behaves_like_a_list():
     )
 
 
-def test_array_multiline():
+def test_array_multiline() -> None:
     t = item([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8])
     t.multiline(True)
 
@@ -351,13 +360,13 @@ def test_array_multiline():
 
     assert expected == t.as_string()
 
-    t = item([])
-    t.multiline(True)
+    t2: Any = item([])
+    t2.multiline(True)
 
-    assert t.as_string() == "[]"
+    assert t2.as_string() == "[]"
 
 
-def test_array_multiline_modify():
+def test_array_multiline_modify() -> None:
     doc = parse(
         """\
 a = [
@@ -381,7 +390,7 @@ def test_array_multiline_modify():
     assert expected == doc.as_string()
 
 
-def test_append_to_empty_array():
+def test_append_to_empty_array() -> None:
     doc = parse("x = [ ]")
     doc["x"].append("a")
     assert doc.as_string() == 'x = ["a" ]'
@@ -390,7 +399,7 @@ def test_append_to_empty_array():
     assert doc.as_string() == 'x = [\n    "a"\n]'
 
 
-def test_modify_array_with_comment():
+def test_modify_array_with_comment() -> None:
     doc = parse("x = [ # comment\n]")
     doc["x"].append("a")
     assert doc.as_string() == 'x = [ # comment\n    "a"\n]'
@@ -430,7 +439,7 @@ def test_modify_array_with_comment():
     assert doc.as_string() == "x = [\n    2\n]"
 
 
-def test_append_to_multiline_array_with_comment():
+def test_append_to_multiline_array_with_comment() -> None:
     doc = parse(
         """\
 x = [
@@ -465,7 +474,7 @@ def test_append_to_multiline_array_with_comment():
     )
 
 
-def test_append_dict_to_array():
+def test_append_dict_to_array() -> None:
     doc = parse("x = []")
     doc["x"].append({"name": "John Doe", "email": "john@doe.com"})
     expected = 'x = [{name = "John Doe",email = "john@doe.com"}]'
@@ -474,7 +483,7 @@ def test_append_dict_to_array():
     assert parse(doc.as_string()) == doc
 
 
-def test_dicts_are_converted_to_tables():
+def test_dicts_are_converted_to_tables() -> None:
     t = item({"foo": {"bar": "baz"}})
 
     assert (
@@ -485,7 +494,7 @@ def test_dicts_are_converted_to_tables():
     )
 
 
-def test_array_add_line():
+def test_array_add_line() -> None:
     t = api.array()
     t.add_line(1, 2, 3, comment="Line 1")
     t.add_line(4, 5, 6, comment="Line 2")
@@ -505,7 +514,7 @@ def test_array_add_line():
     )
 
 
-def test_array_add_line_invalid_value():
+def test_array_add_line_invalid_value() -> None:
     t = api.array()
     with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="is not allowed"):
         t.add_line(1, api.ws(" "))
@@ -514,7 +523,7 @@ def test_array_add_line_invalid_value():
     assert len(t) == 0
 
 
-def test_dicts_are_converted_to_tables_and_keep_order():
+def test_dicts_are_converted_to_tables_and_keep_order() -> None:
     t = item(
         {
             "foo": {
@@ -539,7 +548,7 @@ def test_dicts_are_converted_to_tables_and_keep_order():
     )
 
 
-def test_dicts_are_converted_to_tables_and_are_sorted_if_requested():
+def test_dicts_are_converted_to_tables_and_are_sorted_if_requested() -> None:
     t = item(
         {
             "foo": {
@@ -565,7 +574,7 @@ def test_dicts_are_converted_to_tables_and_are_sorted_if_requested():
     )
 
 
-def test_dicts_with_sub_dicts_are_properly_converted():
+def test_dicts_with_sub_dicts_are_properly_converted() -> None:
     t = item(
         {"foo": {"bar": {"string": "baz"}, "int": 34, "float": 3.14}}, _sort_keys=True
     )
@@ -582,7 +591,7 @@ def test_dicts_with_sub_dicts_are_properly_converted():
     )
 
 
-def test_item_array_of_dicts_converted_to_aot():
+def test_item_array_of_dicts_converted_to_aot() -> None:
     a = item({"foo": [{"bar": "baz"}]})
 
     assert (
@@ -593,7 +602,7 @@ def test_item_array_of_dicts_converted_to_aot():
     )
 
 
-def test_add_float_to_int():
+def test_add_float_to_int() -> None:
     content = "[table]\nmy_int = 2043"
     doc = parse(content)
     doc["table"]["my_int"] += 5.0
@@ -601,7 +610,7 @@ def test_add_float_to_int():
     assert isinstance(doc["table"]["my_int"], float)
 
 
-def test_sub_float_from_int():
+def test_sub_float_from_int() -> None:
     content = "[table]\nmy_int = 2048"
     doc = parse(content)
     doc["table"]["my_int"] -= 5.0
@@ -609,21 +618,21 @@ def test_sub_float_from_int():
     assert isinstance(doc["table"]["my_int"], float)
 
 
-def test_sub_int_from_float():
+def test_sub_int_from_float() -> None:
     content = "[table]\nmy_int = 2048.0"
     doc = parse(content)
     doc["table"]["my_int"] -= 5
     assert doc["table"]["my_int"] == 2043.0
 
 
-def test_add_sum_int_with_float():
+def test_add_sum_int_with_float() -> None:
     content = "[table]\nmy_int = 2048.3"
     doc = parse(content)
     doc["table"]["my_int"] += 5
     assert doc["table"]["my_int"] == 2053.3
 
 
-def test_integers_behave_like_ints():
+def test_integers_behave_like_ints() -> None:
     i = item(34)
 
     assert i == 34
@@ -637,9 +646,9 @@ def test_integers_behave_like_ints():
     assert i == 33
     assert i.as_string() == "33"
 
-    i /= 2
-    assert i == 16.5
-    assert i.as_string() == "16.5"
+    f = i / 2
+    assert f == 16.5
+    assert f.as_string() == "16.5"
 
     doc = parse("int = +34")
     doc["int"] += 1
@@ -647,7 +656,7 @@ def test_integers_behave_like_ints():
     assert doc.as_string() == "int = +35"
 
 
-def test_floats_behave_like_floats():
+def test_floats_behave_like_floats() -> None:
     i = item(34.12)
 
     assert i == 34.12
@@ -667,7 +676,7 @@ def test_floats_behave_like_floats():
     assert doc.as_string() == "float = +35.12"
 
 
-def test_datetimes_behave_like_datetimes(tz_utc, tz_pst):
+def test_datetimes_behave_like_datetimes(tz_utc: tzinfo, tz_pst: tzinfo) -> None:
     i = item(datetime(2018, 7, 22, 12, 34, 56))
 
     assert i == datetime(2018, 7, 22, 12, 34, 56)
@@ -695,7 +704,7 @@ def test_datetimes_behave_like_datetimes(tz_utc, tz_pst):
     assert doc.as_string() == "dt = 2018-07-23T12:34:56-05:00"
 
 
-def test_dates_behave_like_dates():
+def test_dates_behave_like_dates() -> None:
     i = item(date(2018, 7, 22))
 
     assert i == date(2018, 7, 22)
@@ -719,7 +728,7 @@ def test_dates_behave_like_dates():
     assert doc.as_string() == "dt = 2018-07-23 # Comment"
 
 
-def test_parse_datetime_followed_by_space():
+def test_parse_datetime_followed_by_space() -> None:
     # issue #260
     doc = parse("dt = 2018-07-22 ")
     assert doc["dt"] == date(2018, 7, 22)
@@ -730,7 +739,7 @@ def test_parse_datetime_followed_by_space():
     assert doc.as_string() == "dt = 2013-01-24 13:48:01.123456 "
 
 
-def test_times_behave_like_times():
+def test_times_behave_like_times() -> None:
     i = item(time(12, 34, 56))
 
     assert i == time(12, 34, 56)
@@ -741,7 +750,7 @@ def test_times_behave_like_times():
     assert i.as_string() == "13:34:56"
 
 
-def test_strings_behave_like_strs():
+def test_strings_behave_like_strs() -> None:
     i = item("foo")
 
     assert i == "foo"
@@ -761,15 +770,15 @@ def test_strings_behave_like_strs():
     assert doc.as_string() == 'str = "foo bar" # Comment'
 
 
-def test_string_add_preserve_escapes():
-    i = api.value('"foo\\"bar"')
+def test_string_add_preserve_escapes() -> None:
+    i: Any = api.value('"foo\\"bar"')
     i += " baz"
 
     assert i == 'foo"bar baz'
     assert i.as_string() == '"foo\\"bar baz"'
 
 
-def test_tables_behave_like_dicts():
+def test_tables_behave_like_dicts() -> None:
     t = item({"foo": "bar"})
 
     assert (
@@ -807,8 +816,8 @@ def test_tables_behave_like_dicts():
     )
 
 
-def test_items_are_pickable():
-    n = item(12)
+def test_items_are_pickable() -> None:
+    n: Item = item(12)
 
     s = pickle.dumps(n)
     assert pickle.loads(s).as_string() == "12"
@@ -865,7 +874,7 @@ def test_items_are_pickable():
     assert pickle.loads(s).as_string() == 'foo = "bar"\n'
 
 
-def test_trim_comments_when_building_inline_table():
+def test_trim_comments_when_building_inline_table() -> None:
     table = api.inline_table()
     row = parse('foo = "bar"  # Comment')
     table.update(row)
@@ -877,7 +886,7 @@ def test_trim_comments_when_building_inline_table():
     assert table.as_string() == '{foo = "bar", baz = "foobaz"}'
 
 
-def test_deleting_inline_table_element_does_not_leave_trailing_separator():
+def test_deleting_inline_table_element_does_not_leave_trailing_separator() -> None:
     table = api.inline_table()
     table["foo"] = "bar"
     table["baz"] = "boom"
@@ -898,7 +907,7 @@ def test_deleting_inline_table_element_does_not_leave_trailing_separator():
     assert table.as_string() == '{baz = "boom"}'
 
 
-def test_deleting_inline_table_element_does_not_leave_trailing_separator2():
+def test_deleting_inline_table_element_does_not_leave_trailing_separator2() -> None:
     doc = parse('a = {foo = "bar", baz = "boom"}')
     table = doc["a"]
     assert table.as_string() == '{foo = "bar", baz = "boom"}'
@@ -914,7 +923,7 @@ def test_deleting_inline_table_element_does_not_leave_trailing_separator2():
     assert table.as_string() == '{ baz = "boom"}'
 
 
-def test_booleans_comparison():
+def test_booleans_comparison() -> None:
     boolean = Bool(True, Trivia())
 
     assert boolean
@@ -935,7 +944,7 @@ def test_booleans_comparison():
     assert {"value": False} == content["foo"]
 
 
-def test_table_copy():
+def test_table_copy() -> None:
     table = item({"foo": "bar"})
     table_copy = table.copy()
     assert isinstance(table_copy, Table)
@@ -944,7 +953,7 @@ def test_table_copy():
     assert table_copy.as_string() == 'foo = "bar"\n'
 
 
-def test_copy_copy():
+def test_copy_copy() -> None:
     result = parse(
         """
     [tool.poetry]
@@ -964,15 +973,15 @@ def test_copy_copy():
     "key_str,escaped",
     [("\\", '"\\\\"'), ('"', '"\\""'), ("\t", '"\\t"'), ("\x10", '"\\u0010"')],
 )
-def test_escape_key(key_str, escaped):
+def test_escape_key(key_str: str, escaped: str) -> None:
     assert api.key(key_str).as_string() == escaped
 
 
-def test_custom_encoders():
+def test_custom_encoders() -> None:
     import decimal
 
     @api.register_encoder
-    def encode_decimal(obj):
+    def encode_decimal(obj: Any) -> Item:
         if isinstance(obj, decimal.Decimal):
             return api.float_(str(obj))
         raise TypeError
@@ -986,7 +995,7 @@ def encode_decimal(obj):
     api.unregister_encoder(encode_decimal)
 
 
-def test_custom_encoders_with_parent_and_sort_keys():
+def test_custom_encoders_with_parent_and_sort_keys() -> None:
     """Test that custom encoders can receive _parent and _sort_keys parameters."""
     import decimal
 
@@ -994,7 +1003,9 @@ def test_custom_encoders_with_parent_and_sort_keys():
     sort_keys_captured = None
 
     @api.register_encoder
-    def encode_decimal_with_context(obj, _parent=None, _sort_keys=False):
+    def encode_decimal_with_context(
+        obj: Any, _parent: Item | None = None, _sort_keys: bool = False
+    ) -> Item:
         nonlocal parent_captured, sort_keys_captured
         if isinstance(obj, decimal.Decimal):
             parent_captured = _parent
@@ -1020,12 +1031,12 @@ def encode_decimal_with_context(obj, _parent=None, _sort_keys=False):
     api.unregister_encoder(encode_decimal_with_context)
 
 
-def test_custom_encoders_backward_compatibility():
+def test_custom_encoders_backward_compatibility() -> None:
     """Test that old-style custom encoders still work without modification."""
     import decimal
 
     @api.register_encoder
-    def encode_decimal_old_style(obj):
+    def encode_decimal_old_style(obj: Any) -> Item:
         # Old style encoder - only accepts obj parameter
         if isinstance(obj, decimal.Decimal):
             return api.float_(str(obj))
@@ -1043,14 +1054,14 @@ def encode_decimal_old_style(obj):
     api.unregister_encoder(encode_decimal_old_style)
 
 
-def test_custom_encoders_with_kwargs():
+def test_custom_encoders_with_kwargs() -> None:
     """Test that custom encoders can use **kwargs to accept additional parameters."""
     import decimal
 
     kwargs_captured = None
 
     @api.register_encoder
-    def encode_decimal_with_kwargs(obj, **kwargs):
+    def encode_decimal_with_kwargs(obj: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Item:
         nonlocal kwargs_captured
         if isinstance(obj, decimal.Decimal):
             kwargs_captured = kwargs
@@ -1066,15 +1077,17 @@ def encode_decimal_with_kwargs(obj, **kwargs):
     api.unregister_encoder(encode_decimal_with_kwargs)
 
 
-def test_custom_encoders_for_complex_objects():
+def test_custom_encoders_for_complex_objects() -> None:
     """Test custom encoders that need to encode nested structures."""
 
     class CustomDict:
-        def __init__(self, data):
+        def __init__(self, data: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
             self.data = data
 
     @api.register_encoder
-    def encode_custom_dict(obj, _parent=None, _sort_keys=False):
+    def encode_custom_dict(
+        obj: Any, _parent: Item | None = None, _sort_keys: bool = False
+    ) -> Item:
         if isinstance(obj, CustomDict):
             # Create a table and use item() to convert nested values
             table = api.table()
@@ -1100,7 +1113,7 @@ def encode_custom_dict(obj, _parent=None, _sort_keys=False):
     api.unregister_encoder(encode_custom_dict)
 
 
-def test_no_extra_minus_sign():
+def test_no_extra_minus_sign() -> None:
     doc = parse("a = -1")
     assert doc.as_string() == "a = -1"
     doc["a"] *= -1
@@ -1116,7 +1129,7 @@ def test_no_extra_minus_sign():
     assert doc.as_string() == "a = -1.5"
 
 
-def test_serialize_table_with_dotted_key():
+def test_serialize_table_with_dotted_key() -> None:
     child = api.table()
     child.add(api.key(("b", "c")), 1)
     parent = api.table()
@@ -1124,10 +1137,10 @@ def test_serialize_table_with_dotted_key():
     assert parent.as_string() == "[a]\nb.c = 1\n"
 
 
-def test_not_showing_parent_header_for_super_table():
+def test_not_showing_parent_header_for_super_table() -> None:
     doc = api.document()
 
-    def add_table(parent, name):
+    def add_table(parent: Any, name: str) -> Any:
         parent.add(name, api.table())
         return parent[name]
 
@@ -1137,7 +1150,7 @@ def add_table(parent, name):
     assert doc.as_string() == "[root.first]\n\n[root.second]\n"
 
 
-def test_removal_of_arrayitem_with_extra_whitespace():
+def test_removal_of_arrayitem_with_extra_whitespace() -> None:
     expected = 'x = [\n    "bar",\n]'
     doc = parse('x = [\n    "foo" ,#spam\n    "bar",\n]')
     x = doc["x"]
@@ -1148,7 +1161,7 @@ def test_removal_of_arrayitem_with_extra_whitespace():
     assert docstr == expected
 
 
-def test_badly_formatted_array_and_item_removal():
+def test_badly_formatted_array_and_item_removal() -> None:
     expected = """
 x = [
     '0'#a
@@ -1185,7 +1198,7 @@ def test_badly_formatted_array_and_item_removal():
         parse(doc.as_string())
 
 
-def test_array_item_removal_newline_restore_next():
+def test_array_item_removal_newline_restore_next() -> None:
     expected = "x = [\n  '0',\n    '2'\n]"
 
     docstr = "x = [\n  '0',\n    '1','2'\n]"
diff --git a/tests/test_parser.py b/tests/test_parser.py
index 9ec5aa7..eeb376e 100644
--- a/tests/test_parser.py
+++ b/tests/test_parser.py
@@ -7,7 +7,9 @@
 from tomlkit.parser import Parser
 
 
-def test_parser_should_raise_an_internal_error_if_parsing_wrong_type_of_string():
+def test_parser_should_raise_an_internal_error_if_parsing_wrong_type_of_string() -> (
+    None
+):
     parser = Parser('"foo"')
 
     with pytest.raises(InternalParserError) as e:
@@ -17,7 +19,7 @@ def test_parser_should_raise_an_internal_error_if_parsing_wrong_type_of_string()
     assert e.value.col == 0
 
 
-def test_parser_should_raise_an_error_for_empty_tables():
+def test_parser_should_raise_an_error_for_empty_tables() -> None:
     content = """
 [one]
 []
@@ -32,7 +34,7 @@ def test_parser_should_raise_an_error_for_empty_tables():
     assert e.value.col == 1
 
 
-def test_parser_should_raise_an_error_if_equal_not_found():
+def test_parser_should_raise_an_error_if_equal_not_found() -> None:
     content = """[foo]
 a {c = 1, d = 2}
 """
@@ -41,7 +43,7 @@ def test_parser_should_raise_an_error_if_equal_not_found():
         parser.parse()
 
 
-def test_parse_multiline_string_ignore_the_first_newline():
+def test_parse_multiline_string_ignore_the_first_newline() -> None:
     content = 'a = """\nfoo\n"""'
     parser = Parser(content)
     assert parser.parse() == {"a": "foo\n"}
diff --git a/tests/test_toml_document.py b/tests/test_toml_document.py
index 4dea552..80c806c 100644
--- a/tests/test_toml_document.py
+++ b/tests/test_toml_document.py
@@ -2,8 +2,10 @@
 import json
 import pickle
 
+from collections.abc import Callable
 from datetime import datetime
 from textwrap import dedent
+from typing import Any
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -18,7 +20,7 @@
 from tomlkit.toml_document import TOMLDocument
 
 
-def test_document_is_a_dict(example):
+def test_document_is_a_dict(example: Callable[[str], str]) -> None:
     content = example("example")
 
     doc = parse(content)
@@ -130,7 +132,7 @@ def test_document_is_a_dict(example):
     )
 
 
-def test_toml_document_without_super_tables():
+def test_toml_document_without_super_tables() -> None:
     content = """[tool.poetry]
 name = "foo"
 """
@@ -150,13 +152,13 @@ def test_toml_document_without_super_tables():
 """
     )
 
-    d = {}
+    d: dict[str, Any] = {}
     d.update(doc)
 
     assert "tool" in d
 
 
-def test_toml_document_unwrap():
+def test_toml_document_unwrap() -> None:
     content = """[tool.poetry]
 name = "foo"
 """
@@ -170,7 +172,7 @@ def test_toml_document_unwrap():
     assert_is_ppo(unwrapped["tool"]["poetry"]["name"], str)
 
 
-def test_toml_document_with_dotted_keys(example):
+def test_toml_document_with_dotted_keys(example: Callable[[str], str]) -> None:
     content = example("0.5.0")
 
     doc = parse(content)
@@ -189,7 +191,9 @@ def test_toml_document_with_dotted_keys(example):
     assert doc["a"]["b"]["d"] == 2
 
 
-def test_toml_document_super_table_with_different_sub_sections(example):
+def test_toml_document_super_table_with_different_sub_sections(
+    example: Callable[[str], str],
+) -> None:
     content = example("pyproject")
 
     doc = parse(content)
@@ -199,7 +203,7 @@ def test_toml_document_super_table_with_different_sub_sections(example):
     assert "black" in tool
 
 
-def test_adding_an_element_to_existing_table_with_ws_remove_ws():
+def test_adding_an_element_to_existing_table_with_ws_remove_ws() -> None:
     content = """[foo]
 
 [foo.bar]
@@ -219,7 +223,7 @@ def test_adding_an_element_to_existing_table_with_ws_remove_ws():
     assert expected == doc.as_string()
 
 
-def test_document_with_aot_after_sub_tables():
+def test_document_with_aot_after_sub_tables() -> None:
     content = """[foo.bar]
 name = "Bar"
 
@@ -234,7 +238,7 @@ def test_document_with_aot_after_sub_tables():
     assert doc["foo"]["bar"]["tests"][0]["name"] == "Test 1"
 
 
-def test_document_with_new_sub_table_after_other_table():
+def test_document_with_new_sub_table_after_other_table() -> None:
     content = """[foo]
 name = "Bar"
 
@@ -253,7 +257,7 @@ def test_document_with_new_sub_table_after_other_table():
     assert doc.as_string() == content
 
 
-def test_document_with_new_sub_table_after_other_table_delete():
+def test_document_with_new_sub_table_after_other_table_delete() -> None:
     content = """[foo]
 name = "Bar"
 
@@ -277,7 +281,7 @@ def test_document_with_new_sub_table_after_other_table_delete():
     )
 
 
-def test_document_with_new_sub_table_after_other_table_replace():
+def test_document_with_new_sub_table_after_other_table_replace() -> None:
     content = """[foo]
 name = "Bar"
 
@@ -304,7 +308,7 @@ def test_document_with_new_sub_table_after_other_table_replace():
     )
 
 
-def test_inserting_after_element_with_no_new_line_adds_a_new_line():
+def test_inserting_after_element_with_no_new_line_adds_a_new_line() -> None:
     doc = parse("foo = 10")
     doc["bar"] = 11
 
@@ -324,7 +328,7 @@ def test_inserting_after_element_with_no_new_line_adds_a_new_line():
     assert expected == doc.as_string()
 
 
-def test_inserting_after_deletion():
+def test_inserting_after_deletion() -> None:
     doc = parse("foo = 10\n")
     del doc["foo"]
 
@@ -336,7 +340,9 @@ def test_inserting_after_deletion():
     assert expected == doc.as_string()
 
 
-def test_toml_document_with_dotted_keys_inside_table(example):
+def test_toml_document_with_dotted_keys_inside_table(
+    example: Callable[[str], str],
+) -> None:
     content = example("0.5.0")
 
     doc = parse(content)
@@ -349,7 +355,9 @@ def test_toml_document_with_dotted_keys_inside_table(example):
     assert t["a"]["c"] == 3
 
 
-def test_toml_document_with_super_aot_after_super_table(example):
+def test_toml_document_with_super_aot_after_super_table(
+    example: Callable[[str], str],
+) -> None:
     content = example("pyproject")
 
     doc = parse(content)
@@ -364,7 +372,7 @@ def test_toml_document_with_super_aot_after_super_table(example):
     assert second["name"] == "second"
 
 
-def test_toml_document_has_always_a_new_line_after_table_header():
+def test_toml_document_has_always_a_new_line_after_table_header() -> None:
     content = """[section.sub]"""
 
     doc = parse(content)
@@ -383,14 +391,14 @@ def test_toml_document_has_always_a_new_line_after_table_header():
     assert doc.as_string() == """[section.sub]"""
 
 
-def test_toml_document_is_pickable(example):
+def test_toml_document_is_pickable(example: Callable[[str], str]) -> None:
     content = example("example")
 
     doc = parse(content)
     assert pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(doc)).as_string() == content
 
 
-def test_toml_document_set_super_table_element():
+def test_toml_document_set_super_table_element() -> None:
     content = """[site.user]
 name = "John"
 """
@@ -406,7 +414,7 @@ def test_toml_document_set_super_table_element():
     )
 
 
-def test_toml_document_can_be_copied():
+def test_toml_document_can_be_copied() -> None:
     content = "[foo]\nbar=1"
 
     doc = parse(content)
@@ -436,7 +444,7 @@ def test_toml_document_can_be_copied():
     assert json.loads(json.dumps(doc)) == {"foo": {"bar": 1}}
 
 
-def test_getting_inline_table_is_still_an_inline_table():
+def test_getting_inline_table_is_still_an_inline_table() -> None:
     content = """\
 [tool.poetry]
 name = "foo"
@@ -476,7 +484,7 @@ def test_getting_inline_table_is_still_an_inline_table():
     )
 
 
-def test_declare_sub_table_with_intermediate_table():
+def test_declare_sub_table_with_intermediate_table() -> None:
     content = """
 [students]
 tommy = 87
@@ -495,7 +503,7 @@ def test_declare_sub_table_with_intermediate_table():
     assert {"tommy": 87, "mary": 66, "bob": {"score": 91}} == doc.get("students")
 
 
-def test_values_can_still_be_set_for_out_of_order_tables():
+def test_values_can_still_be_set_for_out_of_order_tables() -> None:
     content = """
 [a.a]
 key = "value"
@@ -555,7 +563,7 @@ def test_values_can_still_be_set_for_out_of_order_tables():
         del doc["a"]["a"]["key"]
 
 
-def test_out_of_order_table_can_add_multiple_tables():
+def test_out_of_order_table_can_add_multiple_tables() -> None:
     content = """\
 [a.a.b]
 x = 1
@@ -571,7 +579,7 @@ def test_out_of_order_table_can_add_multiple_tables():
     assert doc["a"]["a"] == {"b": {"x": 1}, "c": {"y": 1}, "d": {"z": 1}}
 
 
-def test_out_of_order_tables_are_still_dicts():
+def test_out_of_order_tables_are_still_dicts() -> None:
     content = """
 [a.a]
 key = "value"
@@ -599,13 +607,13 @@ def test_out_of_order_tables_are_still_dicts():
     assert table.pop("key") == "value"
     assert "key" not in table
 
-    assert table.pop("missing", default="baz") == "baz"
+    assert table.pop("missing", "baz") == "baz"
 
     with pytest.raises(KeyError):
         table.pop("missing")
 
 
-def test_string_output_order_is_preserved_for_out_of_order_tables():
+def test_string_output_order_is_preserved_for_out_of_order_tables() -> None:
     content = """
 [tool.poetry]
 name = "foo"
@@ -652,7 +660,7 @@ def test_string_output_order_is_preserved_for_out_of_order_tables():
     assert expected == doc.as_string()
 
 
-def test_remove_from_out_of_order_table():
+def test_remove_from_out_of_order_table() -> None:
     content = """[a]
 x = 1
 
@@ -677,7 +685,7 @@ def test_remove_from_out_of_order_table():
     assert json.dumps(document) == '{"a": {"x": 1}, "c": {"z": 3}}'
 
 
-def test_update_nested_out_of_order_table():
+def test_update_nested_out_of_order_table() -> None:
     doc = parse("""\
 [root1.root2.a.b.c]
   value = 2
@@ -703,7 +711,7 @@ def test_update_nested_out_of_order_table():
     )
 
 
-def test_updating_nested_value_keeps_correct_indent():
+def test_updating_nested_value_keeps_correct_indent() -> None:
     content = """
 [Key1]
       [key1.Key2]
@@ -724,7 +732,7 @@ def test_updating_nested_value_keeps_correct_indent():
     assert doc.as_string() == expected
 
 
-def test_repr():
+def test_repr() -> None:
     content = """
 namespace.key1 = "value1"
 namespace.key2 = "value2"
@@ -750,7 +758,7 @@ def test_repr():
     assert repr(doc["namespace"]) == "{'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}"
 
 
-def test_deepcopy():
+def test_deepcopy() -> None:
     content = """
 [tool]
 name = "foo"
@@ -763,7 +771,7 @@ def test_deepcopy():
     assert copied.as_string() == content
 
 
-def test_move_table():
+def test_move_table() -> None:
     content = """a = 1
 [x]
 a = 1
@@ -785,7 +793,7 @@ def test_move_table():
     )
 
 
-def test_replace_with_table():
+def test_replace_with_table() -> None:
     content = """a = 1
 b = 2
 c = 3
@@ -803,7 +811,7 @@ def test_replace_with_table():
     )
 
 
-def test_replace_table_with_value():
+def test_replace_table_with_value() -> None:
     content = """[foo]
 a = 1
 
@@ -823,7 +831,7 @@ def test_replace_table_with_value():
     )
 
 
-def test_replace_preserve_sep():
+def test_replace_preserve_sep() -> None:
     content = """a   =   1
 
 [foo]
@@ -842,7 +850,7 @@ def test_replace_preserve_sep():
     )
 
 
-def test_replace_with_table_of_nested():
+def test_replace_with_table_of_nested() -> None:
     example = """\
     [a]
     x = 1
@@ -862,7 +870,7 @@ def test_replace_with_table_of_nested():
     assert doc.as_string().strip() == dedent(expected).strip()
 
 
-def test_replace_with_aot_of_nested():
+def test_replace_with_aot_of_nested() -> None:
     example = """\
     [a]
     x = 1
@@ -898,10 +906,10 @@ def test_replace_with_aot_of_nested():
     assert doc.as_string().strip() == dedent(expected).strip()
 
 
-def test_replace_with_comment():
+def test_replace_with_comment() -> None:
     content = 'a = "1"'
     doc = parse(content)
-    a = tomlkit.item(int(doc["a"]))
+    a: Any = tomlkit.item(int(doc["a"]))
     a.comment("`a` should be an int")
     doc["a"] = a
     expected = "a = 1 # `a` should be an int"
@@ -928,7 +936,7 @@ def test_replace_with_comment():
     assert doc.as_string() == expected
 
 
-def test_no_spurious_whitespaces():
+def test_no_spurious_whitespaces() -> None:
     content = """\
     [x]
     a = 1
@@ -972,7 +980,7 @@ def test_no_spurious_whitespaces():
     assert doc.as_string() == dedent(expected)
 
 
-def test_pop_add_whitespace_and_insert_table_work_togheter():
+def test_pop_add_whitespace_and_insert_table_work_togheter() -> None:
     content = """\
     a = 1
     b = 2
@@ -998,7 +1006,7 @@ def test_pop_add_whitespace_and_insert_table_work_togheter():
     assert text == dedent(expected)
 
 
-def test_add_newline_before_super_table():
+def test_add_newline_before_super_table() -> None:
     doc = document()
     doc["a"] = 1
     doc["b"] = {"c": {}}
@@ -1013,7 +1021,7 @@ def test_add_newline_before_super_table():
     assert doc.as_string() == dedent(expected)
 
 
-def test_remove_item_from_super_table():
+def test_remove_item_from_super_table() -> None:
     content = """\
     [hello.one]
     a = 1
@@ -1031,7 +1039,7 @@ def test_remove_item_from_super_table():
     assert doc.as_string() == dedent(expected)
 
 
-def test_nested_table_update_display_name():
+def test_nested_table_update_display_name() -> None:
     content = """\
     [parent]
 
@@ -1060,7 +1068,7 @@ def test_nested_table_update_display_name():
     assert doc.as_string() == dedent(expected)
 
 
-def test_build_table_with_dotted_key():
+def test_build_table_with_dotted_key() -> None:
     doc = tomlkit.document()
     data = {
         "a.b.c": 1,
@@ -1089,7 +1097,7 @@ def test_build_table_with_dotted_key():
     }
 
 
-def test_parse_subtables_no_extra_indent():
+def test_parse_subtables_no_extra_indent() -> None:
     expected = """\
 [a]
     [a.b.c]
@@ -1102,7 +1110,7 @@ def test_parse_subtables_no_extra_indent():
     assert doc.as_string() == expected
 
 
-def test_item_preserves_the_order():
+def test_item_preserves_the_order() -> None:
     t = tomlkit.inline_table()
     t.update({"a": 1, "b": 2})
     doc = {"name": "foo", "table": t, "age": 42}
@@ -1114,7 +1122,7 @@ def test_item_preserves_the_order():
     assert tomlkit.dumps(doc) == expected
 
 
-def test_delete_out_of_order_table_key():
+def test_delete_out_of_order_table_key() -> None:
     content = """\
 [foo]
 name = "foo"
@@ -1152,7 +1160,7 @@ def test_delete_out_of_order_table_key():
     )
 
 
-def test_overwrite_out_of_order_table_key():
+def test_overwrite_out_of_order_table_key() -> None:
     content = """\
 [foo]
 name = "foo"
@@ -1192,12 +1200,12 @@ def test_overwrite_out_of_order_table_key():
     )
 
 
-def test_set_default_int():
+def test_set_default_int() -> None:
     with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-        TOMLDocument().setdefault(4, 5)
+        TOMLDocument().setdefault(4, 5)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
 
 
-def test_overwriting_out_of_order_table():
+def test_overwriting_out_of_order_table() -> None:
     content = """\
 [foo.bar]
 open = false
@@ -1235,7 +1243,7 @@ def test_overwriting_out_of_order_table():
     )
 
 
-def test_delete_key_from_out_of_order_table():
+def test_delete_key_from_out_of_order_table() -> None:
     content = """\
 [foo.bar.baz]
 a = 1
@@ -1259,7 +1267,7 @@ def test_delete_key_from_out_of_order_table():
     )
 
 
-def test_parse_aot_without_ending_newline():
+def test_parse_aot_without_ending_newline() -> None:
     content = '''\
 [[products]]
 name = "Hammer"
@@ -1295,7 +1303,7 @@ def test_parse_aot_without_ending_newline():
     }
 
 
-def test_appending_to_super_table():
+def test_appending_to_super_table() -> None:
     content = """\
 [a.b]
 value = 5
diff --git a/tests/test_toml_file.py b/tests/test_toml_file.py
index c1cef3a..586cf8a 100644
--- a/tests/test_toml_file.py
+++ b/tests/test_toml_file.py
@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
 import os
 
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from pathlib import Path
+
 from tomlkit.toml_document import TOMLDocument
 from tomlkit.toml_file import TOMLFile
 
 
-def test_toml_file(example):
+def test_toml_file(example: Callable[[str], str]) -> None:
     original_content = example("example")
 
     toml_file = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "examples", "example.toml")
@@ -24,94 +27,94 @@ def test_toml_file(example):
             assert f.write(original_content)
 
 
-def test_keep_old_eol(tmp_path):
+def test_keep_old_eol(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     toml_path = tmp_path / "pyproject.toml"
-    with open(toml_path, "wb+") as f:
-        f.write(b"a = 1\r\nb = 2\r\n")
+    with open(toml_path, "wb+") as fh:
+        fh.write(b"a = 1\r\nb = 2\r\n")
 
-    f = TOMLFile(toml_path)
-    content = f.read()
+    toml_f = TOMLFile(toml_path)
+    content = toml_f.read()
     content["b"] = 3
-    f.write(content)
+    toml_f.write(content)
 
-    with open(toml_path, "rb") as f:
-        assert f.read() == b"a = 1\r\nb = 3\r\n"
+    with open(toml_path, "rb") as fh:
+        assert fh.read() == b"a = 1\r\nb = 3\r\n"
 
 
-def test_keep_old_eol_2(tmp_path):
+def test_keep_old_eol_2(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     toml_path = tmp_path / "pyproject.toml"
-    with open(toml_path, "wb+") as f:
-        f.write(b"a = 1\nb = 2\n")
+    with open(toml_path, "wb+") as fh:
+        fh.write(b"a = 1\nb = 2\n")
 
-    f = TOMLFile(toml_path)
-    content = f.read()
+    toml_f = TOMLFile(toml_path)
+    content = toml_f.read()
     content["b"] = 3
-    f.write(content)
+    toml_f.write(content)
 
-    with open(toml_path, "rb") as f:
-        assert f.read() == b"a = 1\nb = 3\n"
+    with open(toml_path, "rb") as fh:
+        assert fh.read() == b"a = 1\nb = 3\n"
 
 
-def test_mixed_eol(tmp_path):
+def test_mixed_eol(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     toml_path = tmp_path / "pyproject.toml"
-    with open(toml_path, "wb+") as f:
-        f.write(b"a = 1\r\nrb = 2\n")
+    with open(toml_path, "wb+") as fh:
+        fh.write(b"a = 1\r\nrb = 2\n")
 
-    f = TOMLFile(toml_path)
-    f.write(f.read())
+    toml_f = TOMLFile(toml_path)
+    toml_f.write(toml_f.read())
 
-    with open(toml_path, "rb") as f:
-        assert f.read() == b"a = 1\r\nrb = 2\n"
+    with open(toml_path, "rb") as fh:
+        assert fh.read() == b"a = 1\r\nrb = 2\n"
 
 
-def test_consistent_eol(tmp_path):
+def test_consistent_eol(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     toml_path = tmp_path / "pyproject.toml"
-    with open(toml_path, "wb+") as f:
-        f.write(b"a = 1\r\nb = 2\r\n")
+    with open(toml_path, "wb+") as fh:
+        fh.write(b"a = 1\r\nb = 2\r\n")
 
-    f = TOMLFile(toml_path)
-    content = f.read()
+    toml_f = TOMLFile(toml_path)
+    content = toml_f.read()
     content["c"] = 3
-    f.write(content)
+    toml_f.write(content)
 
-    with open(toml_path, "rb") as f:
-        assert f.read() == b"a = 1\r\nb = 2\r\nc = 3\r\n"
+    with open(toml_path, "rb") as fh:
+        assert fh.read() == b"a = 1\r\nb = 2\r\nc = 3\r\n"
 
 
-def test_consistent_eol_2(tmp_path):
+def test_consistent_eol_2(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     toml_path = tmp_path / "pyproject.toml"
-    with open(toml_path, "wb+") as f:
-        f.write(b"a = 1\nb = 2\n")
+    with open(toml_path, "wb+") as fh:
+        fh.write(b"a = 1\nb = 2\n")
 
-    f = TOMLFile(toml_path)
-    content = f.read()
+    toml_f = TOMLFile(toml_path)
+    content = toml_f.read()
     content["c"] = 3
     content["c"].trivia.trail = "\r\n"
-    f.write(content)
+    toml_f.write(content)
 
-    with open(toml_path, "rb") as f:
-        assert f.read() == b"a = 1\nb = 2\nc = 3\n"
+    with open(toml_path, "rb") as fh:
+        assert fh.read() == b"a = 1\nb = 2\nc = 3\n"
 
 
-def test_default_eol_is_os_linesep(tmp_path):
+def test_default_eol_is_os_linesep(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     toml_path = tmp_path / "pyproject.toml"
-    f = TOMLFile(toml_path)
+    toml_f = TOMLFile(toml_path)
     content = TOMLDocument()
     content.append("a", 1)
     content["a"].trivia.trail = "\n"
     content.append("b", 2)
     content["b"].trivia.trail = "\r\n"
-    f.write(content)
+    toml_f.write(content)
     linesep = os.linesep.encode()
-    with open(toml_path, "rb") as f:
-        assert f.read() == b"a = 1" + linesep + b"b = 2" + linesep
+    with open(toml_path, "rb") as fh:
+        assert fh.read() == b"a = 1" + linesep + b"b = 2" + linesep
 
 
-def test_readwrite_eol_windows(tmp_path):
+def test_readwrite_eol_windows(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     toml_path = tmp_path / "pyproject.toml"
     doc = TOMLDocument()
     doc.add("a", 1)
-    f = TOMLFile(toml_path)
-    f.write(doc)
-    readback = f.read()
+    toml_f = TOMLFile(toml_path)
+    toml_f.write(doc)
+    readback = toml_f.read()
     assert doc.as_string() == readback.as_string()
diff --git a/tests/test_toml_tests.py b/tests/test_toml_tests.py
index 957f7eb..667353e 100644
--- a/tests/test_toml_tests.py
+++ b/tests/test_toml_tests.py
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 import json
 import os
 
+from typing import Any
+from typing import Callable
+
 import pytest
 
 from tomlkit import load
@@ -14,13 +17,13 @@
 FILES_LIST = os.path.join(TESTS_ROOT, "files-toml-1.1.0")
 
 
-def to_bool(s):
+def to_bool(s: str) -> bool:
     assert s in ["true", "false"]
 
     return s == "true"
 
 
-stypes = {
+stypes: dict[str, Callable[[str], Any]] = {
     "string": str,
     "bool": to_bool,
     "integer": int,
@@ -32,7 +35,7 @@ def to_bool(s):
 }
 
 
-def untag(value):
+def untag(value: Any) -> Any:
     if isinstance(value, list):
         return [untag(i) for i in value]
     elif "type" in value and "value" in value and len(value) == 2:
@@ -48,12 +51,19 @@ def untag(value):
         return {k: untag(v) for k, v in value.items()}
 
 
-def _load_case_list():
+def _load_case_list() -> list[str]:
     with open(FILES_LIST, encoding="utf-8") as f:
         return [line.strip() for line in f if line.strip()]
 
 
-def _build_cases():
+def _build_cases() -> tuple[
+    list[dict[str, str]],
+    list[str],
+    list[dict[str, str]],
+    list[str],
+    list[str],
+    list[str],
+]:
     valid_cases = []
     valid_ids = []
     invalid_decode_cases = []
@@ -109,7 +119,7 @@ def _build_cases():
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("toml11_valid_case", VALID_CASES, ids=VALID_IDS)
-def test_valid_decode(toml11_valid_case):
+def test_valid_decode(toml11_valid_case: dict[str, str]) -> None:
     json_val = untag(json.loads(toml11_valid_case["json"]))
     toml_val = parse(toml11_valid_case["toml"])
 
@@ -120,7 +130,7 @@ def test_valid_decode(toml11_valid_case):
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     "toml11_invalid_decode_case", INVALID_DECODE_CASES, ids=INVALID_DECODE_IDS
 )
-def test_invalid_decode(toml11_invalid_decode_case):
+def test_invalid_decode(toml11_invalid_decode_case: dict[str, str]) -> None:
     with pytest.raises(TOMLKitError):
         parse(toml11_invalid_decode_case["toml"])
 
@@ -128,7 +138,7 @@ def test_invalid_decode(toml11_invalid_decode_case):
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     "toml11_invalid_encode_case", INVALID_ENCODE_CASES, ids=INVALID_ENCODE_IDS
 )
-def test_invalid_encode(toml11_invalid_encode_case):
+def test_invalid_encode(toml11_invalid_encode_case: str) -> None:
     with open(toml11_invalid_encode_case, encoding="utf-8") as f:
         with pytest.raises((TOMLKitError, UnicodeDecodeError)):
             load(f)
diff --git a/tests/test_utils.py b/tests/test_utils.py
index 7dde452..c4f96cf 100644
--- a/tests/test_utils.py
+++ b/tests/test_utils.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 from datetime import time
 from datetime import timedelta as td
 from datetime import timezone as tz
+from typing import Union
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -34,12 +35,12 @@
         ),
     ],
 )
-def test_parse_rfc3339_datetime(string, expected):
+def test_parse_rfc3339_datetime(string: str, expected: Union[dt, date, time]) -> None:
     assert parse_rfc3339(string) == expected
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("string, expected", [("1979-05-27", date(1979, 5, 27))])
-def test_parse_rfc3339_date(string, expected):
+def test_parse_rfc3339_date(string: str, expected: Union[dt, date, time]) -> None:
     assert parse_rfc3339(string) == expected
 
 
@@ -47,5 +48,5 @@ def test_parse_rfc3339_date(string, expected):
     "string, expected",
     [("12:34:56", time(12, 34, 56)), ("12:34:56.123456", time(12, 34, 56, 123456))],
 )
-def test_parse_rfc3339_time(string, expected):
+def test_parse_rfc3339_time(string: str, expected: Union[dt, date, time]) -> None:
     assert parse_rfc3339(string) == expected
diff --git a/tests/test_write.py b/tests/test_write.py
index 19e68a3..c5b923a 100644
--- a/tests/test_write.py
+++ b/tests/test_write.py
@@ -1,32 +1,37 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 from tomlkit import dumps
 from tomlkit import loads
 
 
-def test_write_backslash():
+def test_write_backslash() -> None:
     d = {"foo": "\\e\u25e6\r"}
 
     expected = """foo = "\\\\e\u25e6\\r"
 """
 
     assert expected == dumps(d)
-    assert loads(dumps(d))["foo"] == "\\e\u25e6\r"
+    result: Any = loads(dumps(d))["foo"]
+    assert result == "\\e\u25e6\r"
 
 
-def test_escape_special_characters_in_key():
+def test_escape_special_characters_in_key() -> None:
     d = {"foo\nbar": "baz"}
     expected = '"foo\\nbar" = "baz"\n'
     assert expected == dumps(d)
-    assert loads(dumps(d))["foo\nbar"] == "baz"
+    result: Any = loads(dumps(d))["foo\nbar"]
+    assert result == "baz"
 
 
-def test_write_inline_table_in_nested_arrays():
+def test_write_inline_table_in_nested_arrays() -> None:
     d = {"foo": [[{"a": 1}]]}
     expected = "foo = [[{a = 1}]]\n"
     assert expected == dumps(d)
-    assert loads(dumps(d))["foo"] == [[{"a": 1}]]
+    result: Any = loads(dumps(d))["foo"]
+    assert result == [[{"a": 1}]]
 
 
-def test_serialize_aot_with_nested_tables():
+def test_serialize_aot_with_nested_tables() -> None:
     doc = {"a": [{"b": {"c": 1}}]}
     expected = """\
 [[a]]
diff --git a/tests/util.py b/tests/util.py
index fbe6df2..83cf5d9 100644
--- a/tests/util.py
+++ b/tests/util.py
@@ -42,16 +42,16 @@
 ]
 
 
-def assert_not_tomlkit_type(v):
+def assert_not_tomlkit_type(v: object) -> None:
     for _, tomlkit_type in enumerate(TOMLKIT_TYPES):
         assert not isinstance(v, tomlkit_type)
 
 
-def assert_is_ppo(v_unwrapped, unwrapped_type):
+def assert_is_ppo(v_unwrapped: object, unwrapped_type: type) -> None:
     assert_not_tomlkit_type(v_unwrapped)
     assert isinstance(v_unwrapped, unwrapped_type)
 
 
-def elementary_test(v, unwrapped_type):
+def elementary_test(v: Item, unwrapped_type: type) -> None:
     v_unwrapped = v.unwrap()
     assert_is_ppo(v_unwrapped, unwrapped_type)
diff --git a/tomlkit/_compat.py b/tomlkit/_compat.py
index 8e76b7f..2da7099 100644
--- a/tomlkit/_compat.py
+++ b/tomlkit/_compat.py
@@ -3,13 +3,11 @@
 import contextlib
 import sys
 
-from typing import Any
-
 
 PY38 = sys.version_info >= (3, 8)
 
 
-def decode(string: Any, encodings: list[str] | None = None):
+def decode(string: str | bytes, encodings: list[str] | None = None) -> str:
     if not isinstance(string, bytes):
         return string
 
diff --git a/tomlkit/_types.py b/tomlkit/_types.py
index 501bf4d..3585d56 100644
--- a/tomlkit/_types.py
+++ b/tomlkit/_types.py
@@ -7,6 +7,14 @@
 
 WT = TypeVar("WT", bound="WrapperType")
 
+__all__ = [
+    "_CustomDict",
+    "_CustomFloat",
+    "_CustomInt",
+    "_CustomList",
+    "wrap_method",
+]
+
 if TYPE_CHECKING:  # pragma: no cover
     # Define _CustomList and _CustomDict as a workaround for:
     # https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/11427
@@ -73,7 +81,7 @@ class _CustomFloat(Real, float):
 def wrap_method(
     original_method: Callable[Concatenate[WT, P], Any],
 ) -> Callable[Concatenate[WT, P], Any]:
-    def wrapper(self: WT, *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> Any:
+    def wrapper(self: WT, /, *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> Any:
         result = original_method(self, *args, **kwargs)
         if result is NotImplemented:
             return result
diff --git a/tomlkit/_utils.py b/tomlkit/_utils.py
index 99887b6..3c20574 100644
--- a/tomlkit/_utils.py
+++ b/tomlkit/_utils.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 from datetime import time
 from datetime import timedelta
 from datetime import timezone
+from typing import Any
 
 from tomlkit._compat import decode
 
@@ -130,7 +131,7 @@ def escape_string(s: str, escape_sequences: Collection[str] = _basic_escapes) ->
     res = []
     start = 0
 
-    def flush(inc=1):
+    def flush(inc: int = 1) -> int:
         if start != i:
             res.append(s[start:i])
 
@@ -153,9 +154,9 @@ def flush(inc=1):
     return "".join(res)
 
 
-def merge_dicts(d1: dict, d2: dict) -> dict:
+def merge_dicts(d1: dict[str, Any], d2: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
     for k, v in d2.items():
         if k in d1 and isinstance(d1[k], dict) and isinstance(v, Mapping):
-            merge_dicts(d1[k], v)
+            merge_dicts(d1[k], dict(v))
         else:
             d1[k] = d2[k]
diff --git a/tomlkit/api.py b/tomlkit/api.py
index 3294a7a..7455a1c 100644
--- a/tomlkit/api.py
+++ b/tomlkit/api.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 from collections.abc import Mapping
 from typing import IO
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+from typing import Any
 from typing import TypeVar
 
 from tomlkit._utils import parse_rfc3339
@@ -32,9 +33,9 @@
 from tomlkit.items import Time
 from tomlkit.items import Trivia
 from tomlkit.items import Whitespace
-from tomlkit.items import item
+from tomlkit.items import item as item
 from tomlkit.parser import Parser
-from tomlkit.toml_document import TOMLDocument
+from tomlkit.toml_document import TOMLDocument as TOMLDocument
 
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
@@ -52,22 +53,15 @@ def loads(string: str | bytes) -> TOMLDocument:
     return parse(string)
 
 
-def dumps(data: Mapping, sort_keys: bool = False) -> str:
+def dumps(data: Mapping[str, Any], sort_keys: bool = False) -> str:
     """
     Dumps a TOMLDocument into a string.
     """
-    if not isinstance(data, (Table, InlineTable, Container)) and isinstance(
-        data, Mapping
-    ):
-        data = item(dict(data), _sort_keys=sort_keys)
+    if isinstance(data, (Table, InlineTable, Container)):
+        return data.as_string()
 
-    try:
-        # data should be a `Container` (and therefore implement `as_string`)
-        # for all type safe invocations of this function
-        return data.as_string()  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
-    except AttributeError as ex:
-        msg = f"Expecting Mapping or TOML Table or Container, {type(data)} given"
-        raise TypeError(msg) from ex
+    table: Table = item(dict(data), _sort_keys=sort_keys)
+    return table.as_string()
 
 
 def load(fp: IO[str] | IO[bytes]) -> TOMLDocument:
@@ -77,7 +71,7 @@ def load(fp: IO[str] | IO[bytes]) -> TOMLDocument:
     return parse(fp.read())
 
 
-def dump(data: Mapping, fp: IO[str], *, sort_keys: bool = False) -> None:
+def dump(data: Mapping[str, Any], fp: IO[str], *, sort_keys: bool = False) -> None:
     """
     Dump a TOMLDocument into a writable file stream.
 
@@ -185,7 +179,10 @@ def array(raw: str = "[]") -> Array:
     >>> a
     [1, 2, 3]
     """
-    return value(raw)
+    v = value(raw)
+    if not isinstance(v, Array):
+        raise ValueError(f"Expected an array, got {type(v)}")
+    return v
 
 
 def table(is_super_table: bool | None = None) -> Table:
@@ -252,7 +249,7 @@ def key(k: str | Iterable[str]) -> Key:
     """
     if isinstance(k, str):
         return SingleKey(k)
-    return DottedKey([key(_k) for _k in k])
+    return DottedKey([SingleKey(_k) for _k in k])
 
 
 def value(raw: str) -> _Item:
diff --git a/tomlkit/container.py b/tomlkit/container.py
index 38e3b34..4387471 100644
--- a/tomlkit/container.py
+++ b/tomlkit/container.py
@@ -4,8 +4,13 @@
 import math
 
 from collections.abc import Iterator
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 from typing import Any
 
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from typing import Self
+
 from tomlkit._compat import decode
 from tomlkit._types import _CustomDict
 from tomlkit._utils import merge_dicts
@@ -27,7 +32,7 @@
 _NOT_SET = object()
 
 
-class Container(_CustomDict):
+class Container(_CustomDict):  # type: ignore[type-arg]
     """
     A container for items within a TOMLDocument.
 
@@ -35,10 +40,10 @@ class Container(_CustomDict):
     """
 
     def __init__(self, parsed: bool = False) -> None:
-        self._map: dict[SingleKey, int | tuple[int, ...]] = {}
+        self._map: dict[Key, int | tuple[int, ...]] = {}
         self._body: list[tuple[Key | None, Item]] = []
         self._parsed = parsed
-        self._table_keys = []
+        self._table_keys: list[Key] = []
 
     @property
     def body(self) -> list[tuple[Key | None, Item]]:
@@ -46,42 +51,39 @@ def body(self) -> list[tuple[Key | None, Item]]:
 
     def unwrap(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
         """Returns as pure python object (ppo)"""
-        unwrapped = {}
+        unwrapped: dict[str, Any] = {}
         for k, v in self.items():
             if k is None:
                 continue
 
-            if isinstance(k, Key):
-                k = k.key
-
-            if hasattr(v, "unwrap"):
-                v = v.unwrap()
+            key_str: str = k.key if isinstance(k, Key) else k
+            val: Any = v.unwrap() if hasattr(v, "unwrap") else v
 
-            if k in unwrapped:
-                merge_dicts(unwrapped[k], v)
+            if key_str in unwrapped:
+                merge_dicts(unwrapped[key_str], val)
             else:
-                unwrapped[k] = v
+                unwrapped[key_str] = val
 
         return unwrapped
 
     @property
     def value(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
         """The wrapped dict value"""
-        d = {}
+        d: dict[str, Any] = {}
         for k, v in self._body:
             if k is None:
                 continue
 
-            k = k.key
-            v = v.value
+            key_str = k.key
+            val: Any = v.value
 
-            if isinstance(v, Container):
-                v = v.value
+            if isinstance(val, Container):
+                val = val.value
 
-            if k in d:
-                merge_dicts(d[k], v)
+            if key_str in d:
+                merge_dicts(d[key_str], val)
             else:
-                d[k] = v
+                d[key_str] = val
 
         return d
 
@@ -95,7 +97,7 @@ def parsing(self, parsing: bool) -> None:
                 for t in v.body:
                     t.value.parsing(parsing)
 
-    def add(self, key: Key | Item | str, item: Item | None = None) -> Container:
+    def add(self, key: Key | Item | str, item: Any = None) -> Container:
         """
         Adds an item to the current Container.
 
@@ -112,8 +114,9 @@ def add(self, key: Key | Item | str, item: Item | None = None) -> Container:
                     "Non comment/whitespace items must have an associated key"
                 )
 
-            key, item = None, key
+            return self.append(None, key)
 
+        assert not isinstance(key, Item)
         return self.append(key, item)
 
     def _handle_dotted_key(self, key: Key, value: Item) -> None:
@@ -143,23 +146,26 @@ def _get_last_index_before_table(self) -> int:
             if isinstance(v, Whitespace) and not v.is_fixed():
                 continue
 
-            if isinstance(v, (Table, AoT)) and not k.is_dotted():
+            if isinstance(v, (Table, AoT)) and k is not None and not k.is_dotted():
                 break
             last_index = i
         return last_index + 1
 
-    def _validate_out_of_order_table(self, key: SingleKey | None = None) -> None:
+    def _validate_out_of_order_table(self, key: Key | None = None) -> None:
         if key is None:
             for k in self._map:
                 assert k is not None
                 self._validate_out_of_order_table(k)
             return
-        if key not in self._map or not isinstance(self._map[key], tuple):
+        if key not in self._map:
             return
-        OutOfOrderTableProxy.validate(self, self._map[key])
+        current_idx = self._map[key]
+        if not isinstance(current_idx, tuple):
+            return
+        OutOfOrderTableProxy.validate(self, current_idx)
 
     def append(
-        self, key: Key | str | None, item: Item, validate: bool = True
+        self, key: Key | str | None, item: Any, validate: bool = True
     ) -> Container:
         """Similar to :meth:`add` but both key and value must be given."""
         if not isinstance(key, Key) and key is not None:
@@ -173,6 +179,7 @@ def append(
             return self
 
         if isinstance(item, (AoT, Table)) and item.name is None:
+            assert isinstance(key, Key)
             item.name = key.key
 
         prev = self._previous_item()
@@ -183,6 +190,7 @@ def append(
             if (
                 self._body
                 and not (self._parsed or item.trivia.indent or prev_ws)
+                and key is not None
                 and not key.is_dotted()
             ):
                 item.trivia.indent = "\n"
@@ -216,7 +224,7 @@ def append(
                         current.append(item)
 
                     return self
-                elif current.is_aot():
+                elif isinstance(current, AoT):
                     if not item.is_aot_element():
                         # Tried to define a table after an AoT with the same name.
                         raise KeyAlreadyPresent(key)
@@ -229,7 +237,10 @@ def append(
                         # We need to merge both super tables
                         if (
                             key.is_dotted()
-                            or current_body_element[0].is_dotted()
+                            or (
+                                current_body_element[0] is not None
+                                and current_body_element[0].is_dotted()
+                            )
                             or self._table_keys[-1] != current_body_element[0]
                         ):
                             if key.is_dotted() and not self._parsed:
@@ -260,12 +271,16 @@ def append(
                         ] = (current_body_element[0], current)
 
                         return self
-                    elif current_body_element[0].is_dotted():
+                    elif (
+                        current_body_element[0] is not None
+                        and current_body_element[0].is_dotted()
+                    ):
                         raise TOMLKitError("Redefinition of an existing table")
                     else:
                         # Merging a concrete table into an existing implicit/super
                         # table is only valid if it does not redefine existing
                         # subtrees via dotted keys and does not change prior types.
+                        assert isinstance(current, Table)
                         self._validate_table_candidate(current, item)
                 elif not item.is_super_table():
                     raise KeyAlreadyPresent(key)
@@ -335,13 +350,13 @@ def _validate_table_candidate(self, current: Table, candidate: Table) -> None:
                 raise TOMLKitError("Redefinition of an existing table")
 
     def _raw_append(self, key: Key | None, item: Item) -> None:
-        if key in self._map:
+        if key is not None and key in self._map:
             current_idx = self._map[key]
             if not isinstance(current_idx, tuple):
                 current_idx = (current_idx,)
 
             current = self._body[current_idx[-1]][1]
-            if key is not None and not isinstance(current, Table):
+            if not isinstance(current, Table):
                 raise KeyAlreadyPresent(key)
 
             self._map[key] = (*current_idx, len(self._body))
@@ -349,7 +364,7 @@ def _raw_append(self, key: Key | None, item: Item) -> None:
             self._map[key] = len(self._body)
 
         self._body.append((key, item))
-        if item.is_table():
+        if item.is_table() and key is not None:
             self._table_keys.append(key)
 
         if key is not None:
@@ -357,19 +372,19 @@ def _raw_append(self, key: Key | None, item: Item) -> None:
 
     def _remove_at(self, idx: int) -> None:
         key = self._body[idx][0]
+        assert key is not None
         index = self._map.get(key)
         if index is None:
             raise NonExistentKey(key)
         self._body[idx] = (None, Null())
 
         if isinstance(index, tuple):
-            index = list(index)
-            index.remove(idx)
-            if len(index) == 1:
-                index = index.pop()
+            index_list = list(index)
+            index_list.remove(idx)
+            if len(index_list) == 1:
+                self._map[key] = index_list.pop()
             else:
-                index = tuple(index)
-            self._map[key] = index
+                self._map[key] = tuple(index_list)
         else:
             dict.__delitem__(self, key.key)
             self._map.pop(key)
@@ -486,7 +501,7 @@ def _insert_at(self, idx: int, key: Key | str, item: Any) -> Container:
 
         return self
 
-    def item(self, key: Key | str) -> Item:
+    def item(self, key: Key | str) -> Item | OutOfOrderTableProxy:
         """Get an item for the given key."""
         if not isinstance(key, Key):
             key = SingleKey(key)
@@ -507,6 +522,7 @@ def last_item(self) -> Item | None:
         """Get the last item."""
         if self._body:
             return self._body[-1][1]
+        return None
 
     def as_string(self) -> str:
         """Render as TOML string."""
@@ -557,7 +573,11 @@ def _render_table(self, key: Key, table: Table, prefix: str | None = None) -> st
                 and not key.is_dotted()
             )
             or (
-                any(k.is_dotted() for k, v in table.value.body if isinstance(v, Table))
+                any(
+                    k is not None and k.is_dotted()
+                    for k, v in table.value.body
+                    if isinstance(v, Table)
+                )
                 and not key.is_dotted()
             )
         ):
@@ -589,6 +609,7 @@ def _render_table(self, key: Key, table: Table, prefix: str | None = None) -> st
                     and "\n" not in v.trivia.indent
                 ):
                     cur += "\n"
+                assert k is not None
                 if v.is_super_table():
                     if k.is_dotted() and not key.is_dotted():
                         # Dotted key inside table
@@ -604,6 +625,7 @@ def _render_table(self, key: Key, table: Table, prefix: str | None = None) -> st
                     and "\n" not in v.trivia.indent
                 ):
                     cur += "\n"
+                assert k is not None
                 cur += self._render_aot(k, v, prefix=_key)
             else:
                 cur += self._render_simple_item(
@@ -612,7 +634,7 @@ def _render_table(self, key: Key, table: Table, prefix: str | None = None) -> st
 
         return cur
 
-    def _render_aot(self, key, aot, prefix=None):
+    def _render_aot(self, key: Key, aot: AoT, prefix: str | None = None) -> str:
         _key = key.as_string()
         if prefix is not None:
             _key = prefix + "." + _key
@@ -641,6 +663,7 @@ def _render_aot_table(self, table: Table, prefix: str | None = None) -> str:
 
         for k, v in table.value.body:
             if isinstance(v, Table):
+                assert k is not None
                 if v.is_super_table():
                     if k.is_dotted():
                         # Dotted key inside table
@@ -650,13 +673,16 @@ def _render_aot_table(self, table: Table, prefix: str | None = None) -> str:
                 else:
                     cur += self._render_table(k, v, prefix=_key)
             elif isinstance(v, AoT):
+                assert k is not None
                 cur += self._render_aot(k, v, prefix=_key)
             else:
                 cur += self._render_simple_item(k, v)
 
         return cur
 
-    def _render_simple_item(self, key, item, prefix=None):
+    def _render_simple_item(
+        self, key: Key | None, item: Item, prefix: str | None = None
+    ) -> str:
         if key is None:
             return item.as_string()
 
@@ -681,7 +707,7 @@ def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[str]:
         return iter(dict.keys(self))
 
     # Dictionary methods
-    def __getitem__(self, key: Key | str) -> Item | Container:
+    def __getitem__(self, key: Key | str) -> Any:
         item = self.item(key)
         if isinstance(item, Item) and item.is_boolean():
             return item.value
@@ -689,7 +715,7 @@ def __getitem__(self, key: Key | str) -> Item | Container:
         return item
 
     def __setitem__(self, key: Key | str, value: Any) -> None:
-        if key is not None and key in self:
+        if key in self:
             old_key = next(filter(lambda k: k == key, self._map))
             self._replace(old_key, key, value)
         else:
@@ -698,8 +724,9 @@ def __setitem__(self, key: Key | str, value: Any) -> None:
     def __delitem__(self, key: Key | str) -> None:
         self.remove(key)
 
-    def setdefault(self, key: Key | str, default: Any) -> Any:
-        super().setdefault(key, default=default)
+    def setdefault(self, key: Key | str, default: Any = None) -> Any:
+        if key not in self:
+            self[key] = default
         return self[key]
 
     def _replace(self, key: Key | str, new_key: Key | str, value: Item) -> None:
@@ -713,7 +740,7 @@ def _replace(self, key: Key | str, new_key: Key | str, value: Item) -> None:
         self._replace_at(idx, new_key, value)
 
     def _replace_at(
-        self, idx: int | tuple[int], new_key: Key | str, value: Item
+        self, idx: int | tuple[int, ...], new_key: Key | str, value: Item
     ) -> None:
         value = _item(value)
 
@@ -724,6 +751,7 @@ def _replace_at(
             idx = idx[0]
 
         k, v = self._body[idx]
+        assert k is not None
         if not isinstance(new_key, Key):
             if (
                 isinstance(value, (AoT, Table)) != isinstance(v, (AoT, Table))
@@ -736,7 +764,7 @@ def _replace_at(
         del self._map[k]
         self._map[new_key] = idx
         if new_key != k:
-            dict.__delitem__(self, k)
+            dict.__delitem__(self, k.key)
 
         if isinstance(value, (AoT, Table)) != isinstance(v, (AoT, Table)):
             # new tables should appear after all non-table values
@@ -759,14 +787,16 @@ def _replace_at(
             self._body[idx] = (new_key, value)
 
         if hasattr(value, "invalidate_display_name"):
-            value.invalidate_display_name()  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+            value.invalidate_display_name()
 
         if isinstance(value, Table):
             # Insert a cosmetic new line for tables if:
             # - it does not have it yet OR is not followed by one
             # - it is not the last item, or
             # - The table being replaced has a newline
-            last, _ = self._previous_item_with_index()
+            result = self._previous_item_with_index()
+            assert result is not None
+            last, _ = result
             idx = last if idx < 0 else idx
             has_ws = ends_with_whitespace(value)
             replace_has_ws = (
@@ -778,6 +808,7 @@ def _replace_at(
             if (idx < last or replace_has_ws) and not (next_ws or has_ws):
                 value.append(None, Whitespace("\n"))
 
+            assert isinstance(new_key, Key)
             dict.__setitem__(self, new_key.key, value.value)
 
     def __str__(self) -> str:
@@ -786,26 +817,26 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
         return repr(self.value)
 
-    def __eq__(self, other: dict) -> bool:
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
         if not isinstance(other, dict):
             return NotImplemented
 
-        return _equal_with_nan(self.value, other)
+        return bool(_equal_with_nan(self.value, other))
 
-    def _getstate(self, protocol):
+    def _getstate(self, protocol: int) -> tuple[bool]:
         return (self._parsed,)
 
-    def __reduce__(self):
+    def __reduce__(self) -> tuple[type, tuple[bool], tuple[Any, ...]]:
         return self.__reduce_ex__(2)
 
-    def __reduce_ex__(self, protocol):
+    def __reduce_ex__(self, protocol: int) -> tuple[type, tuple[bool], tuple[Any, ...]]:  # type: ignore[override]
         return (
             self.__class__,
             self._getstate(protocol),
             (self._map, self._body, self._parsed, self._table_keys),
         )
 
-    def __setstate__(self, state):
+    def __setstate__(self, state: tuple[Any, ...]) -> None:
         self._map = state[0]
         self._body = state[1]
         self._parsed = state[2]
@@ -815,10 +846,10 @@ def __setstate__(self, state):
             if key is not None:
                 dict.__setitem__(self, key.key, item.value)
 
-    def copy(self) -> Container:
+    def copy(self) -> Self:
         return copy.copy(self)
 
-    def __copy__(self) -> Container:
+    def __copy__(self) -> Self:
         c = self.__class__(self._parsed)
         for k, v in dict.items(self):
             dict.__setitem__(c, k, v)
@@ -829,7 +860,7 @@ def __copy__(self) -> Container:
         return c
 
     def _previous_item_with_index(
-        self, idx: int | None = None, ignore=(Null,)
+        self, idx: int | None = None, ignore: tuple[type, ...] = (Null,)
     ) -> tuple[int, Item] | None:
         """Find the immediate previous item before index ``idx``"""
         if idx is None or idx > len(self._body):
@@ -840,7 +871,9 @@ def _previous_item_with_index(
                 return i, v
         return None
 
-    def _previous_item(self, idx: int | None = None, ignore=(Null,)) -> Item | None:
+    def _previous_item(
+        self, idx: int | None = None, ignore: tuple[type, ...] = (Null,)
+    ) -> Item | None:
         """Find the immediate previous item before index ``idx``.
         If ``idx`` is not given, the last item is returned.
         """
@@ -848,7 +881,7 @@ def _previous_item(self, idx: int | None = None, ignore=(Null,)) -> Item | None:
         return prev[-1] if prev else None
 
 
-class OutOfOrderTableProxy(_CustomDict):
+class OutOfOrderTableProxy(_CustomDict):  # type: ignore[type-arg]
     @staticmethod
     def validate(container: Container, indices: tuple[int, ...]) -> None:
         """Validate out of order tables in the given container"""
@@ -870,26 +903,26 @@ def __init__(self, container: Container, indices: tuple[int, ...]) -> None:
         self._tables_map: dict[Key, list[int]] = {}
 
         for i in indices:
-            _, item = self._container._body[i]
+            _, _item = self._container._body[i]
 
-            if isinstance(item, Table):
-                self._tables.append(item)
+            if isinstance(_item, Table):
+                self._tables.append(_item)
                 table_idx = len(self._tables) - 1
-                for k, v in item.value.body:
+                for k, v in _item.value.body:
                     self._internal_container._raw_append(k, v)
-                    indices = self._tables_map.setdefault(k, [])
-                    if table_idx not in indices:
-                        indices.append(table_idx)
+                    key_indices = self._tables_map.setdefault(k, [])  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+                    if table_idx not in key_indices:
+                        key_indices.append(table_idx)
                     if k is not None:
                         dict.__setitem__(self, k.key, v)
 
         self._internal_container._validate_out_of_order_table()
 
-    def unwrap(self) -> str:
+    def unwrap(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
         return self._internal_container.unwrap()
 
     @property
-    def value(self):
+    def value(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
         return self._internal_container.value
 
     def __getitem__(self, key: Key | str) -> Any:
@@ -899,25 +932,27 @@ def __getitem__(self, key: Key | str) -> Any:
         return self._internal_container[key]
 
     def __setitem__(self, key: Key | str, value: Any) -> None:
-        from .items import item
+        from .items import item as _item_fn
 
         def _is_table_or_aot(it: Any) -> bool:
-            return isinstance(item(it), (Table, AoT))
+            return isinstance(_item_fn(it), (Table, AoT))
 
-        if key in self._tables_map:
+        _key: Key = key if isinstance(key, Key) else SingleKey(key)
+
+        if _key in self._tables_map:
             # Overwrite the first table and remove others
-            indices = self._tables_map[key]
-            while len(indices) > 1:
-                table = self._tables[indices.pop()]
+            map_indices = self._tables_map[_key]
+            while len(map_indices) > 1:
+                table = self._tables[map_indices.pop()]
                 self._remove_table(table)
-            old_value = self._tables[indices[0]][key]
+            old_value = self._tables[map_indices[0]][key]
             if _is_table_or_aot(old_value) and not _is_table_or_aot(value):
                 # Remove the entry from the map and set value again.
-                del self._tables[indices[0]][key]
-                del self._tables_map[key]
+                del self._tables[map_indices[0]][key]
+                del self._tables_map[_key]
                 self[key] = value
                 return
-            self._tables[indices[0]][key] = value
+            self._tables[map_indices[0]][key] = value
         elif self._tables:
             if not _is_table_or_aot(value):  # if the value is a plain value
                 for table in self._tables:
@@ -939,22 +974,23 @@ def _is_table_or_aot(it: Any) -> bool:
     def _remove_table(self, table: Table) -> None:
         """Remove table from the parent container"""
         self._tables.remove(table)
-        for idx, item in enumerate(self._container._body):
-            if item[1] is table:
+        for idx, body_item in enumerate(self._container._body):
+            if body_item[1] is table:
                 self._container._remove_at(idx)
                 break
 
     def __delitem__(self, key: Key | str) -> None:
-        if key not in self._tables_map:
+        _key: Key = key if isinstance(key, Key) else SingleKey(key)
+        if _key not in self._tables_map:
             raise NonExistentKey(key)
 
-        for i in reversed(self._tables_map[key]):
+        for i in reversed(self._tables_map[_key]):
             table = self._tables[i]
             del table[key]
             if not table and len(self._tables) > 1:
                 self._remove_table(table)
 
-        del self._tables_map[key]
+        del self._tables_map[_key]
         del self._internal_container[key]
         if key is not None:
             dict.__delitem__(self, key)
@@ -965,8 +1001,9 @@ def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[str]:
     def __len__(self) -> int:
         return dict.__len__(self)
 
-    def setdefault(self, key: Key | str, default: Any) -> Any:
-        super().setdefault(key, default=default)
+    def setdefault(self, key: Key | str, default: Any = None) -> Any:
+        if key not in self:
+            self[key] = default
         return self[key]
 
 
@@ -994,4 +1031,4 @@ def _equal_with_nan(left: Any, right: Any) -> bool:
         if math.isnan(left) and math.isnan(right):
             return True
 
-    return left == right
+    return bool(left == right)
diff --git a/tomlkit/exceptions.py b/tomlkit/exceptions.py
index e4e85a2..473357e 100644
--- a/tomlkit/exceptions.py
+++ b/tomlkit/exceptions.py
@@ -24,11 +24,11 @@ def __init__(self, line: int, col: int, message: str | None = None) -> None:
         super().__init__(f"{message} at line {self._line} col {self._col}")
 
     @property
-    def line(self):
+    def line(self) -> int:
         return self._line
 
     @property
-    def col(self):
+    def col(self) -> int:
         return self._col
 
 
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ class NonExistentKey(KeyError, TOMLKitError):
     A non-existent key was used.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, key):
+    def __init__(self, key: object) -> None:
         message = f'Key "{key}" does not exist.'
 
         super().__init__(message)
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ class KeyAlreadyPresent(TOMLKitError):
     An already present key was used.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, key):
+    def __init__(self, key: object) -> None:
         key = getattr(key, "key", key)
         message = f'Key "{key}" already exists.'
 
diff --git a/tomlkit/items.py b/tomlkit/items.py
index 7b352e6..8670f03 100644
--- a/tomlkit/items.py
+++ b/tomlkit/items.py
@@ -14,12 +14,12 @@
 from datetime import date
 from datetime import datetime
 from datetime import time
+from datetime import timedelta
 from datetime import tzinfo
 from enum import Enum
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 from typing import Any
 from typing import TypeVar
-from typing import cast
 from typing import overload
 
 from tomlkit._compat import PY38
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@
 from tomlkit._types import _CustomFloat
 from tomlkit._types import _CustomInt
 from tomlkit._types import _CustomList
-from tomlkit._types import wrap_method
 from tomlkit._utils import CONTROL_CHARS
 from tomlkit._utils import escape_string
 from tomlkit.exceptions import ConvertError
@@ -39,11 +38,10 @@
     from typing import Protocol
 
     from tomlkit import container
+    from tomlkit.container import OutOfOrderTableProxy
 
     class Encoder(Protocol):
-        def __call__(
-            self, __value: Any, _parent: Item | None = None, _sort_keys: bool = False
-        ) -> Item: ...
+        def __call__(self, __value: Any, /) -> Item: ...
 
 
 ItemT = TypeVar("ItemT", bound="Item")
@@ -52,7 +50,7 @@ def __call__(
 
 
 @overload
-def item(value: bool, _parent: Item | None = ..., _sort_keys: bool = ...) -> Bool: ...
+def item(value: bool, _parent: Item | None = ..., _sort_keys: bool = ...) -> Bool: ...  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
 
 
 @overload
@@ -68,7 +66,7 @@ def item(value: str, _parent: Item | None = ..., _sort_keys: bool = ...) -> Stri
 
 
 @overload
-def item(
+def item(  # type: ignore[overload-overlap]
     value: datetime, _parent: Item | None = ..., _sort_keys: bool = ...
 ) -> DateTime: ...
 
@@ -83,28 +81,36 @@ def item(value: time, _parent: Item | None = ..., _sort_keys: bool = ...) -> Tim
 
 @overload
 def item(
-    value: Sequence[dict], _parent: Item | None = ..., _sort_keys: bool = ...
+    value: Sequence[dict[str, Any]], _parent: Item | None = ..., _sort_keys: bool = ...
 ) -> AoT: ...
 
 
 @overload
 def item(
-    value: Sequence, _parent: Item | None = ..., _sort_keys: bool = ...
+    value: Sequence[Any], _parent: Item | None = ..., _sort_keys: bool = ...
 ) -> Array: ...
 
 
 @overload
-def item(value: dict, _parent: Array = ..., _sort_keys: bool = ...) -> InlineTable: ...
+def item(
+    value: dict[str, Any], _parent: Array = ..., _sort_keys: bool = ...
+) -> InlineTable: ...
 
 
 @overload
-def item(value: dict, _parent: Item | None = ..., _sort_keys: bool = ...) -> Table: ...
+def item(
+    value: dict[str, Any], _parent: Item | None = ..., _sort_keys: bool = ...
+) -> Table: ...
 
 
 @overload
 def item(value: ItemT, _parent: Item | None = ..., _sort_keys: bool = ...) -> ItemT: ...
 
 
+@overload
+def item(value: object, _parent: Item | None = ..., _sort_keys: bool = ...) -> Item: ...
+
+
 def item(value: Any, _parent: Item | None = None, _sort_keys: bool = False) -> Item:
     """Create a TOML item from a Python object.
 
@@ -143,6 +149,7 @@ def item(value: Any, _parent: Item | None = None, _sort_keys: bool = False) -> I
 
         return val
     elif isinstance(value, (list, tuple)):
+        a: AoT | Array
         if (
             value
             and all(isinstance(v, dict) for v in value)
@@ -209,7 +216,7 @@ def item(value: Any, _parent: Item | None = None, _sort_keys: bool = False) -> I
                     p.kind == p.VAR_KEYWORD for p in sig.parameters.values()
                 ):
                     # New style encoder that can accept additional parameters
-                    rv = encoder(value, _parent=_parent, _sort_keys=_sort_keys)
+                    rv = encoder(value, _parent=_parent, _sort_keys=_sort_keys)  # type: ignore[call-arg]
                 else:
                     # Old style encoder that only accepts value
                     rv = encoder(value)
@@ -236,7 +243,7 @@ class StringType(Enum):
     MLL = "'''"
 
     @classmethod
-    def select(cls, literal=False, multiline=False) -> StringType:
+    def select(cls, literal: bool = False, multiline: bool = False) -> StringType:
         return {
             (False, False): cls.SLB,
             (False, True): cls.MLB,
@@ -297,13 +304,13 @@ class BoolType(Enum):
     TRUE = "true"
     FALSE = "false"
 
-    def __bool__(self):
+    def __bool__(self) -> bool:
         return {BoolType.TRUE: True, BoolType.FALSE: False}[self]
 
-    def __iter__(self):
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[str]:
         return iter(self.value)
 
-    def __len__(self):
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
         return len(self.value)
 
 
@@ -434,7 +441,7 @@ def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
         if isinstance(other, Key):
             return isinstance(other, SingleKey) and self.key == other.key
 
-        return self.key == other
+        return bool(self.key == other)
 
 
 class DottedKey(Key):
@@ -522,15 +529,24 @@ def is_inline_table(self) -> bool:
     def is_aot(self) -> bool:
         return isinstance(self, AoT)
 
-    def _getstate(self, protocol=3):
+    def _getstate(self, protocol: int = 3) -> tuple[object, ...]:
         return (self._trivia,)
 
-    def __reduce__(self):
+    def __reduce__(self) -> tuple[type, tuple[object, ...]]:
         return self.__reduce_ex__(2)
 
-    def __reduce_ex__(self, protocol):
+    def __reduce_ex__(self, protocol: int) -> tuple[type, tuple[object, ...]]:  # type: ignore[override]
         return self.__class__, self._getstate(protocol)
 
+    def __getitem__(self, key: Key | str | int) -> Any:
+        raise TypeError(f"{type(self).__name__} does not support item access")
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key: Key | str | int, value: Any) -> None:
+        raise TypeError(f"{type(self).__name__} does not support item assignment")
+
+    def __delitem__(self, key: Key | str | int) -> None:
+        raise TypeError(f"{type(self).__name__} does not support item deletion")
+
 
 class Whitespace(Item):
     """
@@ -568,7 +584,7 @@ def as_string(self) -> str:
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
         return f"<{self.__class__.__name__} {self._s!r}>"
 
-    def _getstate(self, protocol=3):
+    def _getstate(self, protocol: int = 3) -> tuple[str, bool]:
         return self._s, self._fixed
 
 
@@ -627,60 +643,190 @@ def value(self) -> int:
     def as_string(self) -> str:
         return self._raw
 
-    def _new(self, result):
+    def _new(self, result: int) -> Integer:
         raw = str(result)
         if self._sign and result >= 0:
             raw = f"+{raw}"
 
         return Integer(result, self._trivia, raw)
 
-    def _getstate(self, protocol=3):
+    def _getstate(self, protocol: int = 3) -> tuple[int, Trivia, str]:
         return int(self), self._trivia, self._raw
 
-    # int methods
-    __abs__ = wrap_method(int.__abs__)
-    __add__ = wrap_method(int.__add__)
-    __and__ = wrap_method(int.__and__)
-    __ceil__ = wrap_method(int.__ceil__)
+    # int methods — explicit typed wrappers
+    def __abs__(self) -> Integer:
+        return self._new(int.__abs__(self))
+
+    def __add__(self, other: object) -> Integer:
+        result = int.__add__(self, other)  # type: ignore[operator]
+        if result is NotImplemented:
+            return result  # type: ignore[return-value]
+        return self._new(result)
+
+    def __and__(self, other: object) -> Integer:
+        result = int.__and__(self, other)  # type: ignore[operator]
+        if result is NotImplemented:
+            return result  # type: ignore[return-value]
+        return self._new(result)
+
+    def __ceil__(self) -> Integer:
+        return self._new(int.__ceil__(self))
+
     __eq__ = int.__eq__
-    __floor__ = wrap_method(int.__floor__)
-    __floordiv__ = wrap_method(int.__floordiv__)
-    __invert__ = wrap_method(int.__invert__)
+
+    def __floor__(self) -> Integer:
+        return self._new(int.__floor__(self))
+
+    def __floordiv__(self, other: object) -> Integer:
+        result = int.__floordiv__(self, other)  # type: ignore[operator]
+        if result is NotImplemented:
+            return result  # type: ignore[return-value]
+        return self._new(result)
+
+    def __invert__(self) -> Integer:
+        return self._new(int.__invert__(self))
+
     __le__ = int.__le__
-    __lshift__ = wrap_method(int.__lshift__)
+
+    def __lshift__(self, other: object) -> Integer:
+        result = int.__lshift__(self, other)  # type: ignore[operator]
+        if result is NotImplemented:
+            return result  # type: ignore[return-value]
+        return self._new(result)
+
     __lt__ = int.__lt__
-    __mod__ = wrap_method(int.__mod__)
-    __mul__ = wrap_method(int.__mul__)
-    __neg__ = wrap_method(int.__neg__)
-    __or__ = wrap_method(int.__or__)
-    __pos__ = wrap_method(int.__pos__)
-    __pow__ = wrap_method(int.__pow__)
-    __radd__ = wrap_method(int.__radd__)
-    __rand__ = wrap_method(int.__rand__)
-    __rfloordiv__ = wrap_method(int.__rfloordiv__)
-    __rlshift__ = wrap_method(int.__rlshift__)
-    __rmod__ = wrap_method(int.__rmod__)
-    __rmul__ = wrap_method(int.__rmul__)
-    __ror__ = wrap_method(int.__ror__)
-    __round__ = wrap_method(int.__round__)
-    __rpow__ = wrap_method(int.__rpow__)
-    __rrshift__ = wrap_method(int.__rrshift__)
-    __rshift__ = wrap_method(int.__rshift__)
-    __rxor__ = wrap_method(int.__rxor__)
-    __trunc__ = wrap_method(int.__trunc__)
-    __xor__ = wrap_method(int.__xor__)
-
-    def __rtruediv__(self, other):
-        result = int.__rtruediv__(self, other)
+
+    def __mod__(self, other: object) -> Integer:
+        result = int.__mod__(self, other)  # type: ignore[operator]
         if result is NotImplemented:
-            return result
-        return Float._new(self, result)
+            return result  # type: ignore[return-value]
+        return self._new(result)
 
-    def __truediv__(self, other):
-        result = int.__truediv__(self, other)
+    def __mul__(self, other: object) -> Integer:
+        result = int.__mul__(self, other)  # type: ignore[operator]
         if result is NotImplemented:
-            return result
-        return Float._new(self, result)
+            return result  # type: ignore[return-value]
+        return self._new(result)
+
+    def __neg__(self) -> Integer:
+        return self._new(int.__neg__(self))
+
+    def __or__(self, other: object) -> Integer:
+        result = int.__or__(self, other)  # type: ignore[operator]
+        if result is NotImplemented:
+            return result  # type: ignore[return-value]
+        return self._new(result)
+
+    def __pos__(self) -> Integer:
+        return self._new(int.__pos__(self))
+
+    def __pow__(self, other: int, mod: int | None = None) -> Integer:  # type: ignore[override]
+        result = (
+            int.__pow__(self, other) if mod is None else int.__pow__(self, other, mod)
+        )
+        return self._new(result)
+
+    def __radd__(self, other: object) -> Integer:
+        result = int.__radd__(self, other)  # type: ignore[operator]
+        if result is NotImplemented:
+            return result  # type: ignore[return-value]
+        return self._new(result)
+
+    def __rand__(self, other: object) -> Integer:
+        result = int.__rand__(self, other)  # type: ignore[operator]
+        if result is NotImplemented:
+            return result  # type: ignore[return-value]
+        return self._new(result)
+
+    def __rfloordiv__(self, other: object) -> Integer:
+        result = int.__rfloordiv__(self, other)  # type: ignore[operator]
+        if result is NotImplemented:
+            return result  # type: ignore[return-value]
+        return self._new(result)
+
+    def __rlshift__(self, other: object) -> Integer:
+        result = int.__rlshift__(self, other)  # type: ignore[operator]
+        if result is NotImplemented:
+            return result  # type: ignore[return-value]
+        return self._new(result)
+
+    def __rmod__(self, other: object) -> Integer:
+        result = int.__rmod__(self, other)  # type: ignore[operator]
+        if result is NotImplemented:
+            return result  # type: ignore[return-value]
+        return self._new(result)
+
+    def __rmul__(self, other: object) -> Integer:
+        result = int.__rmul__(self, other)  # type: ignore[operator]
+        if result is NotImplemented:
+            return result  # type: ignore[return-value]
+        return self._new(result)
+
+    def __ror__(self, other: object) -> Integer:
+        result = int.__ror__(self, other)  # type: ignore[operator]
+        if result is NotImplemented:
+            return result  # type: ignore[return-value]
+        return self._new(result)
+
+    def __round__(self, ndigits: int = 0) -> Integer:  # type: ignore[override]
+        return self._new(int.__round__(self, ndigits))
+
+    def __rpow__(self, other: int, mod: int | None = None) -> Integer:  # type: ignore[misc]
+        result = (
+            int.__rpow__(self, other) if mod is None else int.__rpow__(self, other, mod)
+        )
+        return self._new(result)
+
+    def __rrshift__(self, other: object) -> Integer:
+        result = int.__rrshift__(self, other)  # type: ignore[operator]
+        if result is NotImplemented:
+            return result  # type: ignore[return-value]
+        return self._new(result)
+
+    def __rshift__(self, other: object) -> Integer:
+        result = int.__rshift__(self, other)  # type: ignore[operator]
+        if result is NotImplemented:
+            return result  # type: ignore[return-value]
+        return self._new(result)
+
+    def __rxor__(self, other: object) -> Integer:
+        result = int.__rxor__(self, other)  # type: ignore[operator]
+        if result is NotImplemented:
+            return result  # type: ignore[return-value]
+        return self._new(result)
+
+    def __sub__(self, other: object) -> Integer:
+        result = int.__sub__(self, other)  # type: ignore[operator]
+        if result is NotImplemented:
+            return result  # type: ignore[return-value]
+        return self._new(result)
+
+    def __rsub__(self, other: object) -> Integer:
+        result = int.__rsub__(self, other)  # type: ignore[operator]
+        if result is NotImplemented:
+            return result  # type: ignore[return-value]
+        return self._new(result)
+
+    def __trunc__(self) -> Integer:
+        return self._new(int.__trunc__(self))
+
+    def __xor__(self, other: object) -> Integer:
+        result = int.__xor__(self, other)  # type: ignore[operator]
+        if result is NotImplemented:
+            return result  # type: ignore[return-value]
+        return self._new(result)
+
+    def __rtruediv__(self, other: object) -> Float:
+        result = int.__rtruediv__(self, other)  # type: ignore[operator]
+        if result is NotImplemented:
+            return result  # type: ignore[return-value]
+        return Float._new(self, result)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+
+    def __truediv__(self, other: object) -> Float:
+        result = int.__truediv__(self, other)  # type: ignore[operator]
+        if result is NotImplemented:
+            return result  # type: ignore[return-value]
+        return Float._new(self, result)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
 
 
 class Float(Item, _CustomFloat):
@@ -720,7 +866,7 @@ def value(self) -> float:
     def as_string(self) -> str:
         return self._raw
 
-    def _new(self, result):
+    def _new(self, result: float) -> Float:
         raw = str(result)
 
         if self._sign and result >= 0:
@@ -728,31 +874,112 @@ def _new(self, result):
 
         return Float(result, self._trivia, raw)
 
-    def _getstate(self, protocol=3):
+    def _getstate(self, protocol: int = 3) -> tuple[float, Trivia, str]:
         return float(self), self._trivia, self._raw
 
-    # float methods
-    __abs__ = wrap_method(float.__abs__)
-    __add__ = wrap_method(float.__add__)
+    # float methods — explicit typed wrappers
+    def __abs__(self) -> Float:
+        return self._new(float.__abs__(self))
+
+    def __add__(self, other: object) -> Float:
+        result = float.__add__(self, other)  # type: ignore[operator]
+        if result is NotImplemented:
+            return result  # type: ignore[return-value]
+        return self._new(result)
+
     __eq__ = float.__eq__
-    __floordiv__ = wrap_method(float.__floordiv__)
+
+    def __floordiv__(self, other: object) -> Float:
+        result = float.__floordiv__(self, other)  # type: ignore[operator]
+        if result is NotImplemented:
+            return result  # type: ignore[return-value]
+        return self._new(result)
+
     __le__ = float.__le__
     __lt__ = float.__lt__
-    __mod__ = wrap_method(float.__mod__)
-    __mul__ = wrap_method(float.__mul__)
-    __neg__ = wrap_method(float.__neg__)
-    __pos__ = wrap_method(float.__pos__)
-    __pow__ = wrap_method(float.__pow__)
-    __radd__ = wrap_method(float.__radd__)
-    __rfloordiv__ = wrap_method(float.__rfloordiv__)
-    __rmod__ = wrap_method(float.__rmod__)
-    __rmul__ = wrap_method(float.__rmul__)
-    __round__ = wrap_method(float.__round__)
-    __rpow__ = wrap_method(float.__rpow__)
-    __rtruediv__ = wrap_method(float.__rtruediv__)
-    __truediv__ = wrap_method(float.__truediv__)
-    __trunc__ = float.__trunc__
 
+    def __mod__(self, other: object) -> Float:
+        result = float.__mod__(self, other)  # type: ignore[operator]
+        if result is NotImplemented:
+            return result  # type: ignore[return-value]
+        return self._new(result)
+
+    def __mul__(self, other: object) -> Float:
+        result = float.__mul__(self, other)  # type: ignore[operator]
+        if result is NotImplemented:
+            return result  # type: ignore[return-value]
+        return self._new(result)
+
+    def __neg__(self) -> Float:
+        return self._new(float.__neg__(self))
+
+    def __pos__(self) -> Float:
+        return self._new(float.__pos__(self))
+
+    def __pow__(self, other: object, mod: None = None) -> Float:
+        result = float.__pow__(self, other)  # type: ignore[operator]
+        if result is NotImplemented:
+            return result  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+        return self._new(result)
+
+    def __radd__(self, other: object) -> Float:
+        result = float.__radd__(self, other)  # type: ignore[operator]
+        if result is NotImplemented:
+            return result  # type: ignore[return-value]
+        return self._new(result)
+
+    def __rfloordiv__(self, other: object) -> Float:
+        result = float.__rfloordiv__(self, other)  # type: ignore[operator]
+        if result is NotImplemented:
+            return result  # type: ignore[return-value]
+        return self._new(result)
+
+    def __rmod__(self, other: object) -> Float:
+        result = float.__rmod__(self, other)  # type: ignore[operator]
+        if result is NotImplemented:
+            return result  # type: ignore[return-value]
+        return self._new(result)
+
+    def __rmul__(self, other: object) -> Float:
+        result = float.__rmul__(self, other)  # type: ignore[operator]
+        if result is NotImplemented:
+            return result  # type: ignore[return-value]
+        return self._new(result)
+
+    def __round__(self, ndigits: int = 0) -> Float:  # type: ignore[override]
+        return self._new(float.__round__(self, ndigits))
+
+    def __rpow__(self, other: object, mod: None = None) -> Float:
+        result = float.__rpow__(self, other)  # type: ignore[operator]
+        if result is NotImplemented:
+            return result  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
+        return self._new(result)
+
+    def __rtruediv__(self, other: object) -> Float:
+        result = float.__rtruediv__(self, other)  # type: ignore[operator]
+        if result is NotImplemented:
+            return result  # type: ignore[return-value]
+        return self._new(result)
+
+    def __truediv__(self, other: object) -> Float:
+        result = float.__truediv__(self, other)  # type: ignore[operator]
+        if result is NotImplemented:
+            return result  # type: ignore[return-value]
+        return self._new(result)
+
+    def __sub__(self, other: object) -> Float:
+        result = float.__sub__(self, other)  # type: ignore[operator]
+        if result is NotImplemented:
+            return result  # type: ignore[return-value]
+        return self._new(result)
+
+    def __rsub__(self, other: object) -> Float:
+        result = float.__rsub__(self, other)  # type: ignore[operator]
+        if result is NotImplemented:
+            return result  # type: ignore[return-value]
+        return self._new(result)
+
+    __trunc__ = float.__trunc__
     __ceil__ = float.__ceil__
     __floor__ = float.__floor__
 
@@ -762,7 +989,7 @@ class Bool(Item):
     A boolean literal.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, t: int, trivia: Trivia) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, t: int | BoolType, trivia: Trivia) -> None:
         super().__init__(trivia)
 
         self._value = bool(t)
@@ -782,24 +1009,24 @@ def value(self) -> bool:
     def as_string(self) -> str:
         return str(self._value).lower()
 
-    def _getstate(self, protocol=3):
+    def _getstate(self, protocol: int = 3) -> tuple[bool, Trivia]:
         return self._value, self._trivia
 
-    def __bool__(self):
+    def __bool__(self) -> bool:
         return self._value
 
     __nonzero__ = __bool__
 
-    def __eq__(self, other):
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
         if not isinstance(other, bool):
             return NotImplemented
 
         return other == self._value
 
-    def __hash__(self):
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
         return hash(self._value)
 
-    def __repr__(self):
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
         return repr(self._value)
 
 
@@ -818,9 +1045,10 @@ def __new__(
         second: int,
         microsecond: int,
         tzinfo: tzinfo | None,
-        *_: Any,
-        **kwargs: Any,
-    ) -> datetime:
+        trivia: Trivia | None = None,
+        raw: str | None = None,
+        **kwargs: object,
+    ) -> DateTime:
         return datetime.__new__(
             cls,
             year,
@@ -831,7 +1059,6 @@ def __new__(
             second,
             microsecond,
             tzinfo=tzinfo,
-            **kwargs,
         )
 
     def __init__(
@@ -846,7 +1073,7 @@ def __init__(
         tzinfo: tzinfo | None,
         trivia: Trivia | None = None,
         raw: str | None = None,
-        **kwargs: Any,
+        **kwargs: object,
     ) -> None:
         super().__init__(trivia or Trivia())
 
@@ -878,7 +1105,7 @@ def value(self) -> datetime:
     def as_string(self) -> str:
         return self._raw
 
-    def __add__(self, other):
+    def __add__(self, other: timedelta) -> DateTime:
         if PY38:
             result = datetime(
                 self.year,
@@ -895,7 +1122,13 @@ def __add__(self, other):
 
         return self._new(result)
 
-    def __sub__(self, other):
+    @overload  # type: ignore[override]
+    def __sub__(self, other: timedelta) -> DateTime: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def __sub__(self, other: datetime) -> timedelta: ...
+
+    def __sub__(self, other: timedelta | datetime) -> DateTime | timedelta:
         if PY38:
             result = datetime(
                 self.year,
@@ -908,23 +1141,23 @@ def __sub__(self, other):
                 self.tzinfo,
             ).__sub__(other)
         else:
-            result = super().__sub__(other)
+            result = super().__sub__(other)  # type: ignore[operator]
 
         if isinstance(result, datetime):
             result = self._new(result)
 
         return result
 
-    def replace(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> datetime:
-        return self._new(super().replace(*args, **kwargs))
+    def replace(self, *args: object, **kwargs: object) -> DateTime:
+        return self._new(super().replace(*args, **kwargs))  # type: ignore[arg-type]
 
-    def astimezone(self, tz: tzinfo) -> datetime:
+    def astimezone(self, tz: tzinfo) -> DateTime:  # type: ignore[override]
         result = super().astimezone(tz)
         if PY38:
             return result
         return self._new(result)
 
-    def _new(self, result) -> DateTime:
+    def _new(self, result: datetime) -> DateTime:
         raw = result.isoformat()
 
         return DateTime(
@@ -940,7 +1173,9 @@ def _new(self, result) -> DateTime:
             raw,
         )
 
-    def _getstate(self, protocol=3):
+    def _getstate(
+        self, protocol: int = 3
+    ) -> tuple[int, int, int, int, int, int, int, tzinfo | None, Trivia, str]:
         return (
             self.year,
             self.month,
@@ -960,7 +1195,14 @@ class Date(Item, date):
     A date literal.
     """
 
-    def __new__(cls, year: int, month: int, day: int, *_: Any) -> date:
+    def __new__(
+        cls,
+        year: int,
+        month: int,
+        day: int,
+        trivia: Trivia | None = None,
+        raw: str = "",
+    ) -> Date:
         return date.__new__(cls, year, month, day)
 
     def __init__(
@@ -990,7 +1232,7 @@ def value(self) -> date:
     def as_string(self) -> str:
         return self._raw
 
-    def __add__(self, other):
+    def __add__(self, other: timedelta) -> Date:
         if PY38:
             result = date(self.year, self.month, self.day).__add__(other)
         else:
@@ -998,26 +1240,32 @@ def __add__(self, other):
 
         return self._new(result)
 
-    def __sub__(self, other):
+    @overload  # type: ignore[override]
+    def __sub__(self, other: timedelta) -> Date: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def __sub__(self, other: date) -> timedelta: ...
+
+    def __sub__(self, other: timedelta | date) -> Date | timedelta:
         if PY38:
             result = date(self.year, self.month, self.day).__sub__(other)
         else:
-            result = super().__sub__(other)
+            result = super().__sub__(other)  # type: ignore[operator]
 
         if isinstance(result, date):
             result = self._new(result)
 
         return result
 
-    def replace(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> date:
-        return self._new(super().replace(*args, **kwargs))
+    def replace(self, *args: object, **kwargs: object) -> Date:
+        return self._new(super().replace(*args, **kwargs))  # type: ignore[arg-type]
 
-    def _new(self, result):
+    def _new(self, result: date) -> Date:
         raw = result.isoformat()
 
         return Date(result.year, result.month, result.day, self._trivia, raw)
 
-    def _getstate(self, protocol=3):
+    def _getstate(self, protocol: int = 3) -> tuple[int, int, int, Trivia, str]:
         return (self.year, self.month, self.day, self._trivia, self._raw)
 
 
@@ -1033,8 +1281,9 @@ def __new__(
         second: int,
         microsecond: int,
         tzinfo: tzinfo | None,
-        *_: Any,
-    ) -> time:
+        trivia: Trivia | None = None,
+        raw: str = "",
+    ) -> Time:
         return time.__new__(cls, hour, minute, second, microsecond, tzinfo)
 
     def __init__(
@@ -1066,10 +1315,10 @@ def value(self) -> time:
     def as_string(self) -> str:
         return self._raw
 
-    def replace(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> time:
-        return self._new(super().replace(*args, **kwargs))
+    def replace(self, *args: object, **kwargs: object) -> Time:
+        return self._new(super().replace(*args, **kwargs))  # type: ignore[arg-type]
 
-    def _new(self, result):
+    def _new(self, result: time) -> Time:
         raw = result.isoformat()
 
         return Time(
@@ -1082,7 +1331,9 @@ def _new(self, result):
             raw,
         )
 
-    def _getstate(self, protocol: int = 3) -> tuple:
+    def _getstate(
+        self, protocol: int = 3
+    ) -> tuple[int, int, int, int, tzinfo | None, Trivia, str]:
         return (
             self.hour,
             self.minute,
@@ -1110,8 +1361,10 @@ def __init__(
         self.comment = comment
 
     def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[Item]:
-        return filter(
-            lambda x: x is not None, (self.indent, self.value, self.comma, self.comment)
+        return (
+            x
+            for x in (self.indent, self.value, self.comma, self.comment)
+            if x is not None
         )
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
@@ -1128,7 +1381,7 @@ def __bool__(self) -> bool:
         return True
 
 
-class Array(Item, _CustomList):
+class Array(Item, _CustomList):  # type: ignore[type-arg]
     """
     An array literal
     """
@@ -1190,7 +1443,7 @@ def discriminant(self) -> int:
         return 8
 
     @property
-    def value(self) -> list:
+    def value(self) -> list[Item]:
         return self
 
     def _iter_items(self) -> Iterator[Item]:
@@ -1330,16 +1583,12 @@ def __len__(self) -> int:
         return list.__len__(self)
 
     def item(self, index: int) -> Item:
-        rv = list.__getitem__(self, index)
-        return cast(Item, rv)
+        return list.__getitem__(self, index)  # type: ignore[no-any-return]
 
-    def __getitem__(self, key: int | slice) -> Any:
-        rv = list.__getitem__(self, key)
-        if isinstance(rv, Bool):
-            return rv.value
-        return rv
+    def __getitem__(self, key: int | slice) -> Any:  # type: ignore[override]
+        return list.__getitem__(self, key)
 
-    def __setitem__(self, key: int | slice, value: Any) -> Any:
+    def __setitem__(self, key: int | slice, value: Any) -> None:  # type: ignore[override]
         it = item(value, _parent=self)
         list.__setitem__(self, key, it)
         if isinstance(key, slice):
@@ -1348,7 +1597,7 @@ def __setitem__(self, key: int | slice, value: Any) -> Any:
             key += len(self)
         self._value[self._index_map[key]].value = it
 
-    def insert(self, pos: int, value: Any) -> None:
+    def insert(self, pos: int, value: Any) -> None:  # type: ignore[override]
         it = item(value, _parent=self)
         length = len(self)
         if not isinstance(it, (Comment, Whitespace)):
@@ -1370,13 +1619,11 @@ def insert(self, pos: int, value: Any) -> None:
             if idx >= 1 and self._value[idx - 1].is_whitespace():
                 # The last item is a pure whitespace(\n ), insert before it
                 idx -= 1
-                if (
-                    self._value[idx].indent is not None
-                    and "\n" in self._value[idx].indent.s
-                ):
+                _indent = self._value[idx].indent
+                if _indent is not None and "\n" in _indent.s:
                     default_indent = "\n    "
-        indent: Item | None = None
-        comma: Item | None = Whitespace(",") if pos < length else None
+        indent: Whitespace | None = None
+        comma: Whitespace | None = Whitespace(",") if pos < length else None
         if idx < len(self._value) and not self._value[idx].is_whitespace():
             # Prefer to copy the indentation from the item after
             indent = self._value[idx].indent
@@ -1398,7 +1645,7 @@ def insert(self, pos: int, value: Any) -> None:
         self._value.insert(idx, new_item)
         self._reindex()
 
-    def __delitem__(self, key: int | slice):
+    def __delitem__(self, key: int | slice) -> None:  # type: ignore[override]
         length = len(self)
         list.__delitem__(self, key)
 
@@ -1420,8 +1667,8 @@ def __delitem__(self, key: int | slice):
                 if (
                     idx == 0
                     and len(self._value) > 0
-                    and self._value[idx].indent
-                    and "\n" not in self._value[idx].indent.s
+                    and (ind := self._value[idx].indent)
+                    and "\n" not in ind.s
                 ):
                     # Remove the indentation of the first item if not newline
                     self._value[idx].indent = None
@@ -1471,11 +1718,11 @@ def __delitem__(self, key: int | slice):
 
         self._reindex()
 
-    def _getstate(self, protocol=3):
+    def _getstate(self, protocol: int = 3) -> tuple[list[Item], Trivia, bool]:
         return list(self._iter_items()), self._trivia, self._multiline
 
 
-class AbstractTable(Item, _CustomDict):
+class AbstractTable(Item, _CustomDict):  # type: ignore[type-arg]
     """Common behaviour of both :class:`Table` and :class:`InlineTable`"""
 
     def __init__(self, value: container.Container, trivia: Trivia):
@@ -1508,7 +1755,7 @@ def append(self: AT, key: None, value: Comment | Whitespace) -> AT: ...
     @overload
     def append(self: AT, key: Key | str, value: Any) -> AT: ...
 
-    def append(self, key, value):
+    def append(self: AT, key: Key | str | None, value: Any) -> AT:
         raise NotImplementedError
 
     @overload
@@ -1517,13 +1764,18 @@ def add(self: AT, key: Comment | Whitespace) -> AT: ...
     @overload
     def add(self: AT, key: Key | str, value: Any = ...) -> AT: ...
 
-    def add(self, key, value=None):
+    def add(
+        self: AT, key: Key | str | Comment | Whitespace, value: Any | None = None
+    ) -> AT:
         if value is None:
             if not isinstance(key, (Comment, Whitespace)):
                 msg = "Non comment/whitespace items must have an associated key"
                 raise ValueError(msg)
 
-            key, value = None, key
+            return self.append(None, key)
+
+        if isinstance(key, (Comment, Whitespace)):
+            raise ValueError("Comment/Whitespace keys must not have a value")
 
         return self.append(key, value)
 
@@ -1538,14 +1790,14 @@ def remove(self: AT, key: Key | str) -> AT:
 
         return self
 
-    def item(self, key: Key | str) -> Item:
+    def item(self, key: Key | str) -> Item | OutOfOrderTableProxy:
         return self._value.item(key)
 
-    def setdefault(self, key: Key | str, default: Any) -> Any:
+    def setdefault(self, key: Key | str, default: Any) -> Any:  # type: ignore[override]
         super().setdefault(key, default)
         return self[key]
 
-    def __str__(self):
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
         return str(self.value)
 
     def copy(self: AT) -> AT:
@@ -1560,13 +1812,13 @@ def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[str]:
     def __len__(self) -> int:
         return len(self._value)
 
-    def __delitem__(self, key: Key | str) -> None:
+    def __delitem__(self, key: Key | str) -> None:  # type: ignore[override]
         self.remove(key)
 
-    def __getitem__(self, key: Key | str) -> Item:
-        return cast(Item, self._value[key])
+    def __getitem__(self, key: Key | str) -> Any:  # type: ignore[override]
+        return self._value[key]
 
-    def __setitem__(self, key: Key | str, value: Any) -> None:
+    def __setitem__(self, key: Key | str, value: Any) -> None:  # type: ignore[override]
         if not isinstance(value, Item):
             value = item(value, _parent=self)
 
@@ -1722,7 +1974,7 @@ def indent(self, indent: int) -> Table:
 
         return self
 
-    def invalidate_display_name(self):
+    def invalidate_display_name(self) -> None:
         """Call ``invalidate_display_name`` on the contained tables"""
         self.display_name = None
 
@@ -1730,7 +1982,9 @@ def invalidate_display_name(self):
             if hasattr(child, "invalidate_display_name"):
                 child.invalidate_display_name()
 
-    def _getstate(self, protocol: int = 3) -> tuple:
+    def _getstate(
+        self, protocol: int = 3
+    ) -> tuple[container.Container, Trivia, bool, bool | None, str | None, str | None]:
         return (
             self._value,
             self._trivia,
@@ -1847,7 +2101,7 @@ def as_string(self) -> str:
 
         return buf
 
-    def __setitem__(self, key: Key | str, value: Any) -> None:
+    def __setitem__(self, key: Key | str, value: Any) -> None:  # type: ignore[override]
         if hasattr(value, "trivia") and value.trivia.comment:
             value.trivia.comment = ""
         super().__setitem__(key, value)
@@ -1855,16 +2109,18 @@ def __setitem__(self, key: Key | str, value: Any) -> None:
     def __copy__(self) -> InlineTable:
         return type(self)(self._value.copy(), self._trivia.copy(), self._new)
 
-    def _getstate(self, protocol: int = 3) -> tuple:
+    def _getstate(self, protocol: int = 3) -> tuple[container.Container, Trivia]:
         return (self._value, self._trivia)
 
 
-class String(str, Item):
+class String(str, Item):  # type: ignore[misc]
     """
     A string literal.
     """
 
-    def __new__(cls, t, value, original, trivia):
+    def __new__(
+        cls, t: StringType, value: str, original: str, trivia: Trivia
+    ) -> String:
         return super().__new__(cls, value)
 
     def __init__(self, t: StringType, _: str, original: str, trivia: Trivia) -> None:
@@ -1891,9 +2147,7 @@ def as_string(self) -> str:
     def type(self) -> StringType:
         return self._t
 
-    def __add__(self: ItemT, other: str) -> ItemT:
-        if not isinstance(other, str):
-            return NotImplemented
+    def __add__(self, other: str) -> String:
         result = super().__add__(other)
         original = self._original + getattr(other, "_original", other)
 
@@ -1902,11 +2156,13 @@ def __add__(self: ItemT, other: str) -> ItemT:
     def _new(self, result: str, original: str) -> String:
         return String(self._t, result, original, self._trivia)
 
-    def _getstate(self, protocol=3):
+    def _getstate(self, protocol: int = 3) -> tuple[StringType, str, str, Trivia]:
         return self._t, str(self), self._original, self._trivia
 
     @classmethod
-    def from_raw(cls, value: str, type_=StringType.SLB, escape=True) -> String:
+    def from_raw(
+        cls, value: str, type_: StringType = StringType.SLB, escape: bool = True
+    ) -> String:
         value = decode(value)
 
         invalid = type_.invalid_sequences
@@ -1919,7 +2175,7 @@ def from_raw(cls, value: str, type_=StringType.SLB, escape=True) -> String:
         return cls(type_, decode(value), string_value, Trivia())
 
 
-class AoT(Item, _CustomList):
+class AoT(Item, _CustomList):  # type: ignore[type-arg]
     """
     An array of table literal
     """
@@ -1954,29 +2210,29 @@ def discriminant(self) -> int:
         return 12
 
     @property
-    def value(self) -> list[dict[Any, Any]]:
+    def value(self) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
         return [v.value for v in self._body]
 
     def __len__(self) -> int:
         return len(self._body)
 
-    @overload
+    @overload  # type: ignore[override]
     def __getitem__(self, key: slice) -> list[Table]: ...
 
     @overload
     def __getitem__(self, key: int) -> Table: ...
 
-    def __getitem__(self, key):
+    def __getitem__(self, key: int | slice) -> Table | list[Table]:
         return self._body[key]
 
-    def __setitem__(self, key: slice | int, value: Any) -> None:
+    def __setitem__(self, key: slice | int, value: Any) -> None:  # type: ignore[override]
         self._body[key] = item(value, _parent=self)
 
-    def __delitem__(self, key: slice | int) -> None:
+    def __delitem__(self, key: slice | int) -> None:  # type: ignore[override]
         del self._body[key]
         list.__delitem__(self, key)
 
-    def insert(self, index: int, value: dict) -> None:
+    def insert(self, index: int, value: dict[str, Any]) -> None:  # type: ignore[override]
         value = item(value, _parent=self)
         if not isinstance(value, Table):
             raise ValueError(f"Unsupported insert value type: {type(value)}")
@@ -2006,7 +2262,7 @@ def insert(self, index: int, value: dict) -> None:
         self._body.insert(index, value)
         list.insert(self, index, value)
 
-    def invalidate_display_name(self):
+    def invalidate_display_name(self) -> None:
         """Call ``invalidate_display_name`` on the contained tables"""
         for child in self:
             if hasattr(child, "invalidate_display_name"):
@@ -2022,7 +2278,7 @@ def as_string(self) -> str:
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
         return f"<AoT {self.value}>"
 
-    def _getstate(self, protocol=3):
+    def _getstate(self, protocol: int = 3) -> tuple[list[Table], str | None, bool]:
         return self._body, self.name, self._parsed
 
 
@@ -2048,5 +2304,5 @@ def value(self) -> None:
     def as_string(self) -> str:
         return ""
 
-    def _getstate(self, protocol=3) -> tuple:
+    def _getstate(self, protocol: int = 3) -> tuple[()]:
         return ()
diff --git a/tomlkit/parser.py b/tomlkit/parser.py
index 7321e0a..538ed03 100644
--- a/tomlkit/parser.py
+++ b/tomlkit/parser.py
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
 import re
 import string
 
+from typing import Any
+
 from tomlkit._compat import decode
 from tomlkit._utils import RFC_3339_LOOSE
 from tomlkit._utils import _escaped
@@ -44,6 +46,7 @@
 from tomlkit.items import Trivia
 from tomlkit.items import Whitespace
 from tomlkit.source import Source
+from tomlkit.source import _StateHandler
 from tomlkit.toml_char import TOMLChar
 from tomlkit.toml_document import TOMLDocument
 
@@ -67,19 +70,19 @@ def __init__(self, string: str | bytes) -> None:
         self._aot_stack: list[Key] = []
 
     @property
-    def _state(self):
+    def _state(self) -> _StateHandler:
         return self._src.state
 
     @property
-    def _idx(self):
+    def _idx(self) -> int:
         return self._src.idx
 
     @property
-    def _current(self):
+    def _current(self) -> TOMLChar:
         return self._src.current
 
     @property
-    def _marker(self):
+    def _marker(self) -> int:
         return self._src.marker
 
     def extract(self) -> str:
@@ -102,7 +105,7 @@ def inc_n(self, n: int, exception: type[ParseError] | None = None) -> bool:
         """
         return self._src.inc_n(n=n, exception=exception)
 
-    def consume(self, chars, min=0, max=-1):
+    def consume(self, chars: str, min: int = 0, max: int = -1) -> None:
         """
         Consume chars until min/max is satisfied is valid.
         """
@@ -120,7 +123,12 @@ def mark(self) -> None:
         """
         self._src.mark()
 
-    def parse_error(self, exception=ParseError, *args, **kwargs):
+    def parse_error(
+        self,
+        exception: type[ParseError] = ParseError,
+        *args: Any,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> ParseError:
         """
         Creates a generic "parse error" at the current position.
         """
@@ -233,7 +241,7 @@ def _parse_item(self) -> tuple[Key | None, Item] | None:
                     return None, Comment(Trivia(indent, cws, comment, trail))
                 elif c == "[":
                     # Found a table, delegate to the calling function.
-                    return
+                    return None
                 else:
                     # Beginning of a KV pair.
                     # Return to beginning of whitespace so it gets included
@@ -396,12 +404,12 @@ def _parse_quoted_key(self) -> Key:
         while self._current.is_spaces() and self.inc():
             pass
         original += self.extract()
-        key = SingleKey(str(key_str), t=key_type, sep="", original=original)
+        result: Key = SingleKey(str(key_str), t=key_type, sep="", original=original)
         if self._current == ".":
             self.inc()
-            key = key.concat(self._parse_key())
+            result = result.concat(self._parse_key())
 
-        return key
+        return result
 
     def _parse_bare_key(self) -> Key:
         """
@@ -413,22 +421,22 @@ def _parse_bare_key(self) -> Key:
             pass
 
         original = self.extract()
-        key = original.strip()
-        if not key:
+        key_s = original.strip()
+        if not key_s:
             # Empty key
             raise self.parse_error(EmptyKeyError)
 
-        if " " in key:
+        if " " in key_s:
             # Bare key with spaces in it
-            raise self.parse_error(ParseError, f'Invalid key "{key}"')
+            raise self.parse_error(ParseError, f'Invalid key "{key_s}"')
 
-        key = SingleKey(key, KeyType.Bare, "", original)
+        result: Key = SingleKey(key_s, KeyType.Bare, "", original)
 
         if self._current == ".":
             self.inc()
-            key = key.concat(self._parse_key())
+            result = result.concat(self._parse_key())
 
-        return key
+        return result
 
     def _parse_value(self) -> Item:
         """
@@ -554,10 +562,10 @@ def _parse_value(self) -> Item:
         else:
             raise self.parse_error(UnexpectedCharError, c)
 
-    def _parse_true(self):
+    def _parse_true(self) -> Bool:
         return self._parse_bool(BoolType.TRUE)
 
-    def _parse_false(self):
+    def _parse_false(self) -> Bool:
         return self._parse_bool(BoolType.FALSE)
 
     def _parse_bool(self, style: BoolType) -> Bool:
@@ -633,6 +641,8 @@ def _parse_array(self) -> Array:
         else:
             return res
 
+        raise self.parse_error(ParseError, "Failed to parse array")
+
     def _parse_inline_table(self) -> InlineTable:
         # consume opening bracket, EOF here is an issue (middle of array)
         self.inc(exception=UnexpectedEofError)
@@ -732,7 +742,7 @@ def _parse_basic_string(self) -> String:
         with self._state:
             return self._parse_string(StringType.SLB)
 
-    def _parse_escaped_char(self, multiline):
+    def _parse_escaped_char(self, multiline: bool) -> str:
         if multiline and self._current.is_ws():
             # When the last non-whitespace character on a line is
             # a \, it will be trimmed along with all whitespace
@@ -768,6 +778,7 @@ def _parse_escaped_char(self, multiline):
             # this needs to be a unicode
             u, ue = self._peek_unicode(self._current == "U")
             if u is not None:
+                assert ue is not None
                 # consume the U char and the unicode value
                 self.inc_n(len(ue) + 1)
 
@@ -778,6 +789,7 @@ def _parse_escaped_char(self, multiline):
         if self._current == "x":
             h, he = self._peek_hex()
             if h is not None:
+                assert he is not None
                 # consume the x char and the hex value
                 self.inc_n(len(he) + 1)
                 return h
@@ -819,7 +831,7 @@ def _parse_string(self, delim: StringType) -> String:
                 # consume the newline, EOF here is an issue (middle of string)
                 self.inc(exception=UnexpectedEofError)
             else:
-                cur = self._current
+                cur: str = self._current
                 with self._state(restore=True):
                     if self.inc():
                         cur += self._current
@@ -964,7 +976,7 @@ def _parse_table(
 
         cws, comment, trail = self._parse_comment_trail()
 
-        result = Null()
+        result: Table | AoT = Null()  # type: ignore[assignment]
         table = Table(
             values,
             Trivia(indent, cws, comment, trail),
@@ -1019,11 +1031,11 @@ def _parse_table(
                 key = name_parts[0]
 
         while not self.end():
-            item = self._parse_item()
-            if item:
-                _key, item = item
-                if not self._merge_ws(item, values):
-                    table.raw_append(_key, item)
+            parsed = self._parse_item()
+            if parsed:
+                _key, _val = parsed
+                if not self._merge_ws(_val, values):
+                    table.raw_append(_key, _val)
             else:
                 if self._current == "[":
                     _, key_next = self._peek_table()
@@ -1091,12 +1103,13 @@ def _parse_aot(self, first: Table, name_first: Key) -> AoT:
         Parses all siblings of the provided table first and bundles them into
         an AoT.
         """
-        payload = [first]
+        payload: list[Table] = [first]
         self._aot_stack.append(name_first)
         while not self.end():
             is_aot_next, name_next = self._peek_table()
             if is_aot_next and name_next == name_first:
                 _, table = self._parse_table(name_first)
+                assert isinstance(table, Table)
                 payload.append(table)
             else:
                 break
diff --git a/tomlkit/source.py b/tomlkit/source.py
index 8a8b2c3..327c627 100644
--- a/tomlkit/source.py
+++ b/tomlkit/source.py
@@ -28,7 +28,12 @@ def __enter__(self) -> _State:
 
         return self
 
-    def __exit__(self, exception_type, exception_val, trace):
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exception_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exception_val: BaseException | None,
+        trace: Any,
+    ) -> None:
         # Exiting this context manager - restore the prior state
         if self.restore or exception_type:
             self._source._chars = self._chars
@@ -45,19 +50,28 @@ class _StateHandler:
 
     def __init__(self, source: Source) -> None:
         self._source = source
-        self._states = []
+        self._states: list[_State] = []
 
-    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return _State(self._source, *args, **kwargs)
+    def __call__(
+        self,
+        save_marker: bool | None = False,
+        restore: bool | None = False,
+    ) -> _State:
+        return _State(self._source, save_marker, restore)
 
     def __enter__(self) -> _State:
         state = self()
         self._states.append(state)
         return state.__enter__()
 
-    def __exit__(self, exception_type, exception_val, trace):
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exception_type: type[BaseException] | None,
+        exception_val: BaseException | None,
+        trace: Any,
+    ) -> None:
         state = self._states.pop()
-        return state.__exit__(exception_type, exception_val, trace)
+        state.__exit__(exception_type, exception_val, trace)
 
 
 class Source(str):
@@ -77,7 +91,7 @@ def __init__(self, _: str) -> None:
 
         self.inc()
 
-    def reset(self):
+    def reset(self) -> None:
         # initialize both idx and current
         self.inc()
 
@@ -130,7 +144,7 @@ def inc_n(self, n: int, exception: type[ParseError] | None = None) -> bool:
         """
         return all(self.inc(exception=exception) for _ in range(n))
 
-    def consume(self, chars, min=0, max=-1):
+    def consume(self, chars: str, min: int = 0, max: int = -1) -> None:
         """
         Consume chars until min/max is satisfied is valid.
         """
diff --git a/tomlkit/toml_char.py b/tomlkit/toml_char.py
index b4bb411..970cbd4 100644
--- a/tomlkit/toml_char.py
+++ b/tomlkit/toml_char.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 
 class TOMLChar(str):
-    def __init__(self, c):
+    def __init__(self, c: str) -> None:
         super().__init__()
 
         if len(self) > 1:
diff --git a/tomlkit/toml_file.py b/tomlkit/toml_file.py
index b8ffcbd..324576b 100644
--- a/tomlkit/toml_file.py
+++ b/tomlkit/toml_file.py
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ class TOMLFile:
 
     def __init__(self, path: _StrPath) -> None:
         self._path = path
-        self._linesep = os.linesep
+        self._linesep: str = os.linesep
 
     def read(self) -> TOMLDocument:
         """Read the file content as a :class:`tomlkit.toml_document.TOMLDocument`."""