ppo

PPO on MuJoCo benchmarks

This example trains a PPO agent (Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithms) on MuJoCo benchmarks from OpenAI Gym.

We follow the training and evaluation settings of Deep Reinforcement Learning that Matters, which provides thorough, highly tuned benchmark results.

Requirements

• MuJoCo Pro 1.5
• mujoco_py>=1.50, <2.1

Running the Example

To run the training example:

python train_ppo.py [options]

We have already pretrained models from this script for all the domains listed in the results section. To load a pretrained model:

python train_ppo.py --demo --load-pretrained --env HalfCheetah-v2 --gpu -1

Useful Options

• --gpu. Specifies the GPU. If you do not have a GPU on your machine, run the example with the option --gpu -1. E.g. python train_ppo.py --gpu -1.
• --env. Specifies the environment. E.g. python train_ppo.py --env HalfCheetah-v2.
• --render. Add this option to render the states in a GUI window.
• --seed. This option specifies the random seed used.
• --outdir This option specifies the output directory to which the results are written.
• --demo. Runs an evaluation, instead of training the agent.
• --load-pretrained Loads the pretrained model. Both --load and --load-pretrained cannot be used together.

To view the full list of options, either view the code or run the example with the --help option.

Known differences

• While the original paper initialized weights by normal distribution (https://github.com/Breakend/baselines/blob/50ffe01d254221db75cdb5c2ba0ab51a6da06b0a/baselines/ppo1/mlp_policy.py#L28), we use orthogonal initialization as the latest openai/baselines does (https://github.com/openai/baselines/blob/9b68103b737ac46bc201dfb3121cfa5df2127e53/baselines/a2c/utils.py#L61).
• We used version v2 of the environments whereas the original results were reported for version v1, however this doesn't seem to introduce significant differences: openai/gym#834

Results

These scores are evaluated by average return +/- standard error of 100 evaluation episodes after 2M training steps.

Reported scores are taken from Table 1 of Deep Reinforcement Learning that Matters.

PFRL scores are based on 20 trials using different random seeds, using the following command.

python train_ppo.py --gpu 0 --seed [0-19] --env [env]

Environment	PFRL Score	Reported Score
HalfCheetah	1986+/-175	2201+/-323
Hopper	2793+/-65	2790+/-62
Walker2d	2873+/-138	N/A
Swimmer	125+/-11	N/A

Training times

These training times were obtained by running train_ppo.py on a single CPU and a single GPU.

Environment	PFRL Time (hours)
HalfCheetah	2.75
Hopper	2.75
Swimmer	2.77
Walker2d	2.89

Learning Curves

The shaded region represents a standard deviation of the average evaluation over 20 trials.