my %dev = 'pugs'=>'audreyt', 'pct'=>'pm', "STD"=>'larry';
my %same_dev = :rakudo('jnthn'), :testsuite('moritz'); # 副词 (pair) 语法同样有效
my %too_dev = ('audreyt', 'pugs', 'pm', 'pct', 'larry', "STD"); # 在散列上下文中列表被自动转换
my %compiler = Parrot => {Rakudo => 'jnthn'}, SMOP => {Mildew => 'ruoso'}; # 散列的散列 (HoH)
# 散列切片
my $name='pugs';
my $value = %dev{'pugs'}; # just give me the value related to that key, like in P5
my $value1 = %dev<STD>; # <> 自动引起
my $value2 = %dev<<$name>>; # same thing, just with eval
my @values = %dev{'pugs', 'STD'};
my @values2 = %dev<pugs STD>;
my @values3 = %dev<<pugs STD $name>>;
say %compiler<Parrot><Rakudo>; # 散列的散列中的值, 返回 'jnthn'
say %compiler<SMOP>; # 返回 Pair: Mildew => 'ruoso'
# %dev {'audrey'}; # 错误, 变量名和花括号(后环缀运算符)之间的空格不再被允许
say %dev\ {'pugs'}; # 有效, unspace the space
# %dev .<dukeleto>; # 错误
say %dev\ .{'pugs'}; # 也有效, "long dot style", because its its an object in truth
say %dev.{'pugs'};
# Hash 方法
say ? %dev; # bool 上下文, 如果该散列有任何 pair 对儿则为真
say + %dev; # numeric 上下文, 返回 pair 对儿的个数
say ~ %dev; # string 上下文, 使用 \t 和 \n 格式化良好的含有2列的表
say %dev.pairs; # "pugs" => "audreyt" "pct" => "pm" "STD" => "larry"
say %dev.antipairs; # "larry" => "STD" "pm" => "pct" "audreyt" => "pugs"
say %dev.elems; # 和 + %dev 或 + %dev.pairs 一样 # 3
say %dev.keys; # 返回一个包含所有键的列表
say %dev.values; # 返回一个包含所有值的列表
say %dev.kv; # 展平为 key1, value1, key 2 ...
say %dev.invert; # 反转所有键 => 值关系
my @pairs = %dev;
say @pairs; # "pugs" => "audreyt" "pct" => "pm" "STD" => "larry"
say %dev.push(@pairs); # 插入一组 pair 对儿, 如果某个键已经出现在了 %dev 里, 那么该键的俩个值都会被添加到数组里
# ("pugs" => ["audreyt", "audreyt"], "pct" => ["pm", "pm"], "STD" => ["larry", "larry"]).hash你可以解构散列, 解构的语法是：
%hash (:$key, :$value)%hash (:key($variable-to-store-value-in))如果你只对所要提取的值感兴趣, 那么散列甚至可以是匿名的:
sub key-of(% (:value($val), :qua($qua))) {
say "Got val $val, $qua times.";
}# Then call it with a hash: (you need to keep the brackets for it to be a hash)
key-of({value => 'foo', qua => 1});
my %hash = value => 'Perl6', qua => '2019';
key-of(%hash); # the same (for an equivalent `%hash`);