Multer is a node.js middleware for handling multipart/form-data, which is primarily used for uploading files. It is written
on top of busboy for maximum efficiency.
NOTE: Multer will not process any form which is not multipart (multipart/form-data).
$ npm install --save multerMulter adds a body object and a file or files object to the request object. The body object contains the values of the text fields of the form, the file or files object contains the files uploaded via the form.
Basic usage example:
var express = require('express')
var multer = require('multer')
var upload = multer({ dest: 'uploads/' })
var app = express()
app.post('/profile', upload.single('avatar'), function (req, res, next) {
// req.file is the `avatar` file
// req.body will hold the text fields, if there were any
})
app.post('/photos/upload', upload.array('photos', 12), function (req, res, next) {
// req.files is array of `photos` files
// req.body will contain the text fields, if there were any
})
var cpUpload = upload.fields([{ name: 'avatar', maxCount: 1 }, { name: 'gallery', maxCount: 8 }])
app.post('/cool-profile', cpUpload, function (req, res, next) {
// req.files is an object (String -> Array) where fieldname is the key, and the value is array of files
//
// e.g.
// req.files['avatar'][0] -> File
// req.files['gallery'] -> Array
//
// req.body will contain the text fields, if there were any
})In case you need to handle a text-only multipart form, you can use any of the multer methods (.single(), .array(), fields()). Here is an example using .array():
var express = require('express')
var app = express()
var multer = require('multer')
var upload = multer()
app.post('/profile', upload.array(), function (req, res, next) {
// req.body contains the text fields
})Each file contains the following information:
| Key | Description | Note |
|---|---|---|
fieldname |
Field name specified in the form | |
originalname |
Name of the file on the user's computer | |
encoding |
Encoding type of the file | |
mimetype |
Mime type of the file | |
size |
Size of the file in bytes | |
destination |
The folder to which the file has been saved | DiskStorage |
filename |
The name of the file within the destination |
DiskStorage |
path |
The full path to the uploaded file | DiskStorage |
buffer |
A Buffer of the entire file |
MemoryStorage |
Multer accepts an options object, the most basic of which is the dest
property, which tells Multer where to upload the files. In case you omit the
options object, the files will be kept in memory and never written to disk.
By default, Multer will rename the files so as to avoid naming conflicts. The renaming function can be customized according to your needs.
The following are the options that can be passed to Multer.
| Key | Description |
|---|---|
dest or storage |
Where to store the files |
fileFilter |
Function to control which files are accepted |
limits |
Limits of the uploaded data |
In an average web app, only dest might be required, and configured as shown in
the following example.
var upload = multer({ dest: 'uploads/' })If you want more control over your uploads, you'll want to use the storage
option instead of dest. Multer ships with storage engines DiskStorage
and MemoryStorage; More engines are available from third parties.
Accept a single file with the name fieldname. The single file will be stored
in req.file.
Accept an array of files, all with the name fieldname. Optionally error out if
more than maxCount files are uploaded. The array of files will be stored in
req.files.
Accept a mix of files, specified by fields. An object with arrays of files
will be stored in req.files.
fields should be an array of objects with name and optionally a maxCount.
Example:
[
{ name: 'avatar', maxCount: 1 },
{ name: 'gallery', maxCount: 8 }
]Accepts all files that comes over the wire. An array of files will be stored in
req.files.
WARNING: Make sure that you always handle the files that a user uploads. Never add multer as a global middleware since a malicious user could upload files to a route that you didn't anticipate. Only use this function on routes where you are handling the uploaded files.
The disk storage engine gives you full control on storing files to disk.
var storage = multer.diskStorage({
destination: function (req, file, cb) {
cb(null, '/tmp/my-uploads')
},
filename: function (req, file, cb) {
cb(null, file.fieldname + '-' + Date.now())
}
})
var upload = multer({ storage: storage })There are two options available, destination and filename. They are both
functions that determine where the file should be stored.
destination is used to determine within which folder the uploaded files should
be stored. This can also be given as a string (e.g. '/tmp/uploads'). If no
destination is given, the operating system's default directory for temporary
files is used.
Note: You are responsible for creating the directory when providing
destination as a function. When passing a string, multer will make sure that
the directory is created for you.
filename is used to determine what the file should be named inside the folder.
If no filename is given, each file will be given a random name that doesn't
include any file extension.
Note: Multer will not append any file extension for you, your function should return a filename complete with an file extension.
Each function gets passed both the request (req) and some information about
the file (file) to aid with the decision.
Note that req.body might not have been fully populated yet. It depends on the
order that the client transmits fields and files to the server.
The memory storage engine stores the files in memory as Buffer objects. It
doesn't have any options.
var storage = multer.memoryStorage()
var upload = multer({ storage: storage })When using memory storage, the file info will contain a field called
buffer that contains the entire file.
WARNING: Uploading very large files, or relatively small files in large numbers very quickly, can cause your application to run out of memory when memory storage is used.
An object specifying the size limits of the following optional properties. Multer passes this object into busboy directly, and the details of the properties can be found on busboy's page.
The following integer values are available:
| Key | Description | Default |
|---|---|---|
fieldNameSize |
Max field name size | 100 bytes |
fieldSize |
Max field value size | 1MB |
fields |
Max number of non-file fields | Infinity |
fileSize |
For multipart forms, the max file size (in bytes) | Infinity |
files |
For multipart forms, the max number of file fields | Infinity |
parts |
For multipart forms, the max number of parts (fields + files) | Infinity |
headerPairs |
For multipart forms, the max number of header key=>value pairs to parse | 2000 |
Specifying the limits can help protect your site against denial of service (DoS) attacks.
Set this to a function to control which files should be uploaded and which should be skipped. The function should look like this:
function fileFilter (req, file, cb) {
// The function should call `cb` with a boolean
// to indicate if the file should be accepted
// To reject this file pass `false`, like so:
cb(null, false)
// To accept the file pass `true`, like so:
cb(null, true)
// You can always pass an error if something goes wrong:
cb(new Error('I don\'t have a clue!'))
}When encountering an error, multer will delegate the error to express. You can display a nice error page using the standard express way.
If you want to catch errors specifically from multer, you can call the middleware function by yourself.
var upload = multer().single('avatar')
app.post('/profile', function (req, res) {
upload(req, res, function (err) {
if (err) {
// An error occurred when uploading
return
}
// Everything went fine
})
})See the documentation here if you want to build your own storage engine.