The documentation for these settings is not possible to understand completely:
Open question
Why is C_Cpp.codeAnalysis.clangTidy.enabled even required to have? What happens if it is set to true but C_Cpp.codeAnalysis.runAutomatically is set to false? The problem is that it is not evident what C_Cpp.codeAnalysis.clangTidy.enabled actually does.
Even if C_Cpp.codeAnalysis.clangTidy.enabled is false, it works fine to execute the command C/C++: Run Code Analysis on Active File when having a C file open.