diff --git a/.chronus/changes/witemple-msft-oapi3-discriminated-visibility-variant-2025-9-10-12-12-53.md b/.chronus/changes/witemple-msft-oapi3-discriminated-visibility-variant-2025-9-10-12-12-53.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..44057277594
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.chronus/changes/witemple-msft-oapi3-discriminated-visibility-variant-2025-9-10-12-12-53.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+---
+changeKind: fix
+packages:
+  - "@typespec/openapi3"
+---
+
+Addressed an issue where `@discriminated` union envelope schemas could sometimes have duplicate names in the context of visibility transforms.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/packages/openapi3/src/schema-emitter.ts b/packages/openapi3/src/schema-emitter.ts
index ba4a14e3801..9a569b7611d 100644
--- a/packages/openapi3/src/schema-emitter.ts
+++ b/packages/openapi3/src/schema-emitter.ts
@@ -543,8 +543,90 @@ export class OpenAPI3SchemaEmitterBase<
     throw new Error("Method not implemented.");
   }
 
-  discriminatedUnion(union: DiscriminatedUnion): ObjectBuilder<Schema> {
+  /**
+   * Mapping of cached envelope models for union variants.
+   */
+  #unionVariantEnvelopeVisibilityMap: WeakMap<
+    Union,
+    WeakMap<Type, { default: Model; byVisibility: Map<Visibility, Model> }>
+  > = new WeakMap();
+
+  /**
+   * Get or create an envelope model for a given discriminated union variant.
+   *
+   * This method is cached and will return the same model for the same variant according to visibility transforms,
+   * in order to prevent duplicate schema declarations.
+   *
+   * @param union - The discriminated union containing the variant.
+   * @param variantName - The name of the variant.
+   * @param variant - The type of the variant.
+   * @returns The envelope model for the variant.
+   */
+  #getOrCreateVariantEnvelopeModel(
+    union: DiscriminatedUnion,
+    variantName: string,
+    variant: Type,
+  ): Model {
     const tk = $(this.emitter.getProgram());
+
+    const usage = this._visibilityUsage.getUsage(union.type);
+
+    let map = this.#unionVariantEnvelopeVisibilityMap.get(union.type);
+
+    if (!map) {
+      map = new WeakMap();
+      this.#unionVariantEnvelopeVisibilityMap.set(union.type, map);
+    }
+
+    let entry = map.get(variant);
+    if (!entry) {
+      // Initialize entry
+      entry = { default: createEnvelopeModel(), byVisibility: new Map() };
+      map.set(variant, entry);
+
+      // Manually track the model's usage according to the union's usage.
+      if (usage) this._visibilityUsage.manuallyTrack(entry.default, usage);
+    }
+
+    const visibility = this.#getVisibilityContext();
+
+    // We only create envelope models per visibility if the variant type is transformed in that visibility.
+    // Otherwise, we will just use the default envelope model.
+    if (this._metadataInfo.isTransformed(variant, visibility)) {
+      let byVis = entry.byVisibility.get(visibility);
+
+      if (!byVis) {
+        byVis = createEnvelopeModel();
+
+        // Manually track the model's usage according to the union's usage.
+        if (usage) this._visibilityUsage.manuallyTrack(byVis, usage);
+
+        entry.byVisibility.set(visibility, byVis);
+      }
+
+      return byVis;
+    } else {
+      return entry.default;
+    }
+
+    function createEnvelopeModel(): Model {
+      return tk.model.create({
+        name: union.type.name + capitalize(variantName),
+        properties: {
+          [union.options.discriminatorPropertyName]: tk.modelProperty.create({
+            name: union.options.discriminatorPropertyName,
+            type: tk.literal.createString(variantName),
+          }),
+          [union.options.envelopePropertyName]: tk.modelProperty.create({
+            name: union.options.envelopePropertyName,
+            type: variant,
+          }),
+        },
+      });
+    }
+  }
+
+  discriminatedUnion(union: DiscriminatedUnion): ObjectBuilder<Schema> {
     let schema: any;
     if (union.options.envelope === "none") {
       const items = new ArrayBuilder();
@@ -562,22 +644,11 @@ export class OpenAPI3SchemaEmitterBase<
     } else {
       const envelopeVariants = new Map<string, Model>();
 
-      for (const [name, variant] of union.variants) {
-        const envelopeModel = tk.model.create({
-          name: union.type.name + capitalize(name),
-          properties: {
-            [union.options.discriminatorPropertyName]: tk.modelProperty.create({
-              name: union.options.discriminatorPropertyName,
-              type: tk.literal.createString(name),
-            }),
-            [union.options.envelopePropertyName]: tk.modelProperty.create({
-              name: union.options.envelopePropertyName,
-              type: variant,
-            }),
-          },
-        });
-
-        envelopeVariants.set(name, envelopeModel);
+      for (const [variantName, variant] of union.variants) {
+        envelopeVariants.set(
+          variantName,
+          this.#getOrCreateVariantEnvelopeModel(union, variantName, variant),
+        );
       }
 
       const items = new ArrayBuilder();
diff --git a/packages/openapi3/src/visibility-usage.ts b/packages/openapi3/src/visibility-usage.ts
index f441c863b8b..b01ed33dedb 100644
--- a/packages/openapi3/src/visibility-usage.ts
+++ b/packages/openapi3/src/visibility-usage.ts
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import {
 export interface VisibilityUsageTracker {
   getUsage(type: Type): Set<Visibility> | undefined;
   isUnreachable(type: Type): boolean;
+  manuallyTrack(type: Type, visibility: Set<Visibility>): void;
 }
 
 export type OperationContainer = Namespace | Interface | Operation;
@@ -60,6 +61,12 @@ export function resolveVisibilityUsage(
     isUnreachable: (type: Type) => {
       return !reachableTypes.has(type);
     },
+    manuallyTrack: (type: Type, visibility: Set<Visibility>) => {
+      for (const vis of visibility) {
+        trackUsageExact(usages, type, vis);
+      }
+      reachableTypes.add(type);
+    },
   };
 }
 
diff --git a/packages/openapi3/test/union-schema.test.ts b/packages/openapi3/test/union-schema.test.ts
index 91b078e6eaa..bec01a0ae90 100644
--- a/packages/openapi3/test/union-schema.test.ts
+++ b/packages/openapi3/test/union-schema.test.ts
@@ -85,6 +85,117 @@ worksFor(["3.0.0", "3.1.0"], ({ diagnoseOpenApiFor, oapiForModel, openApiFor })
         },
       });
     });
+
+    it("apply name suffixes to synthetic envelope types", async () => {
+      const res = await openApiFor(
+        `
+        model A {
+          a: string;
+          @visibility(Lifecycle.Read)
+          ro: string;
+        }
+  
+        model B {
+          b: string;
+          @visibility(Lifecycle.Create)
+          co: string;
+        }
+  
+        @discriminated
+        union U {
+          a: A,
+          b: B,
+        }
+
+        @put op update(@body data: U): U;
+        `,
+      );
+
+      // Union schemas
+      deepStrictEqual(res.components.schemas.U, {
+        type: "object",
+        oneOf: [{ $ref: "#/components/schemas/UA" }, { $ref: "#/components/schemas/UB" }],
+        discriminator: {
+          propertyName: "kind",
+          mapping: {
+            a: "#/components/schemas/UA",
+            b: "#/components/schemas/UB",
+          },
+        },
+      });
+      deepStrictEqual(res.components.schemas["UA"], {
+        type: "object",
+        properties: {
+          kind: { type: "string", enum: ["a"] },
+          value: { $ref: "#/components/schemas/A" },
+        },
+        required: ["kind", "value"],
+      });
+      deepStrictEqual(res.components.schemas["UB"], {
+        type: "object",
+        properties: {
+          kind: { type: "string", enum: ["b"] },
+          value: { $ref: "#/components/schemas/B" },
+        },
+        required: ["kind", "value"],
+      });
+
+      deepStrictEqual(res.components.schemas["UCreateOrUpdate"], {
+        type: "object",
+        oneOf: [
+          { $ref: "#/components/schemas/UA" },
+          { $ref: "#/components/schemas/UBCreateOrUpdate" },
+        ],
+        discriminator: {
+          propertyName: "kind",
+          mapping: {
+            a: "#/components/schemas/UA",
+            b: "#/components/schemas/UBCreateOrUpdate",
+          },
+        },
+      });
+      deepStrictEqual(res.components.schemas["UBCreateOrUpdate"], {
+        type: "object",
+        properties: {
+          kind: { type: "string", enum: ["b"] },
+          value: { $ref: "#/components/schemas/BCreateOrUpdate" },
+        },
+        required: ["kind", "value"],
+      });
+
+      // Model schemas
+      deepStrictEqual(res.components.schemas["A"], {
+        type: "object",
+        properties: {
+          a: { type: "string" },
+          ro: { type: "string", readOnly: true },
+        },
+        required: ["a", "ro"],
+      });
+      deepStrictEqual(res.components.schemas["B"], {
+        type: "object",
+        properties: {
+          b: { type: "string" },
+        },
+        required: ["b"],
+      });
+      deepStrictEqual(res.components.schemas["BCreateOrUpdate"], {
+        type: "object",
+        properties: {
+          b: { type: "string" },
+          co: { type: "string" },
+        },
+        required: ["b", "co"],
+      });
+
+      // Routes
+      deepStrictEqual(res.paths["/"].put.requestBody.content["application/json"].schema, {
+        $ref: "#/components/schemas/UCreateOrUpdate",
+      });
+      deepStrictEqual(res.paths["/"].put.responses["200"].content["application/json"].schema, {
+        $ref: "#/components/schemas/U",
+      });
+    });
   });
 
   describe("union literals", () => {