diff --git a/src/compiler/checker.ts b/src/compiler/checker.ts
index 3d044fa5bf0f4..f189189416f5c 100644
--- a/src/compiler/checker.ts
+++ b/src/compiler/checker.ts
@@ -16306,6 +16306,31 @@ export function createTypeChecker(host: TypeCheckerHost): TypeChecker {
         return type;
     }
 
+    function getTupleElementTypes(type: Type, seenTypes = new Set<Type>()): readonly Type[] {
+        // Guard against circular references using a Set
+        if (seenTypes.has(type)) {
+            return emptyArray;
+        }
+
+        // Add the current type to the Set to track it
+        seenTypes.add(type);
+
+        if (isTupleType(type)) {
+            const target = type.target;
+            if (target?.resolvedTypeArguments) {
+                return target.resolvedTypeArguments;
+            }
+
+            if (type.objectFlags & ObjectFlags.Tuple) {
+                const tupleTarget = type as unknown as TupleType;
+                if (tupleTarget.elementFlags) {
+                    return getTypeArguments(type) || emptyArray;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return emptyArray;
+    }
+
     function getTypeArguments(type: TypeReference): readonly Type[] {
         if (!type.resolvedTypeArguments) {
             if (!pushTypeResolution(type, TypeSystemPropertyName.ResolvedTypeArguments)) {
@@ -18154,13 +18179,52 @@ export function createTypeChecker(host: TypeCheckerHost): TypeChecker {
         return reduceLeft(types, (n, t) => t.flags & TypeFlags.Union ? n * (t as UnionType).types.length : t.flags & TypeFlags.Never ? 0 : n, 1);
     }
 
-    function checkCrossProductUnion(types: readonly Type[]) {
+    function containsDeeplyNestedType(types: readonly Type[], maxDepth: number, currentDepth: number = 0): boolean {
+        if (currentDepth >= maxDepth) return true;
+
+        for (const type of types) {
+            // Check if the type is a union type
+            if (isUnionType(type)) {
+                if (containsDeeplyNestedType(type.types, maxDepth, currentDepth + 1)) {
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Check if the type is a tuple type
+            if (isTupleType(type)) {
+                const tupleElementTypes = getTupleElementTypes(type);
+                if (containsDeeplyNestedType(tupleElementTypes, maxDepth, currentDepth + 1)) {
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    function checkCrossProductUnion(types: readonly Type[]): boolean {
         const size = getCrossProductUnionSize(types);
+
+        // Check if the cross-product size exceeds the threshold
         if (size >= 100000) {
-            tracing?.instant(tracing.Phase.CheckTypes, "checkCrossProductUnion_DepthLimit", { typeIds: types.map(t => t.id), size });
+            tracing?.instant(tracing.Phase.CheckTypes, "checkCrossProductUnion_DepthLimit", {
+                typeIds: types.map(t => t.id),
+                size,
+            });
+            error(currentNode, Diagnostics.Expression_produces_a_union_type_that_is_too_complex_to_represent);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Check for excessive nesting within types
+        const maxDepth = 3;
+        if (containsDeeplyNestedType(types, maxDepth)) {
+            tracing?.instant(tracing.Phase.CheckTypes, "checkCrossProductUnion_TooNested", {
+                typeIds: types.map(t => t.id),
+            });
             error(currentNode, Diagnostics.Expression_produces_a_union_type_that_is_too_complex_to_represent);
             return false;
         }
+
         return true;
     }
 
@@ -25039,6 +25103,20 @@ export function createTypeChecker(host: TypeCheckerHost): TypeChecker {
         return !!(getObjectFlags(type) & ObjectFlags.Reference && (type as TypeReference).target.objectFlags & ObjectFlags.Tuple);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Determines if the given type is a union type.
+     *
+     * A union type is a type formed by combining multiple types
+     * using the `|` operator (e.g., `string | number`). This function
+     * checks if the provided type has the `TypeFlags.Union` flag set.
+     *
+     * @param type - The `Type` instance to check.
+     * @returns `true` if the type is a union type, otherwise `false`.
+     */
+    function isUnionType(type: Type): type is UnionType {
+        return (type.flags & TypeFlags.Union) !== 0;
+    }
+
     function isGenericTupleType(type: Type): type is TupleTypeReference {
         return isTupleType(type) && !!(type.target.combinedFlags & ElementFlags.Variadic);
     }
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/tupleComplexity.errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/tupleComplexity.errors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..008f2577c7992
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/tupleComplexity.errors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+tupleComplexity.ts(43,7): error TS2322: Type '[string, number]' is not assignable to type '[string, number, boolean]'.
+  Source has 2 element(s) but target requires 3.
+tupleComplexity.ts(44,36): error TS2322: Type 'number' is not assignable to type 'string'.
+tupleComplexity.ts(44,40): error TS2322: Type 'boolean' is not assignable to type 'string'.
+
+
+==== tupleComplexity.ts (3 errors) ====
+    // Tests for TS2590: "Expression produces a union type that is too complex to represent"
+    
+    // --- Tuple Unions ---
+    
+    // Simple union - Should work
+    type TupleUnion1 = [string, number] | [boolean, string];
+    const valid1: TupleUnion1 = ["hello", 42]; // ✅ Should pass
+    const valid2: TupleUnion1 = [true, "world"]; // ✅ Should pass
+    
+    // Extended union - Should trigger TS2590
+    type TupleUnion2 = [string, number] | [boolean, string];
+    type ComplexTuple = [...TupleUnion2, string]; // ❌ Should trigger TS2590
+    const invalid: ComplexTuple = ["hello", 42, "world"]; // Should fail with TS2590
+    
+    // --- Tuple Concatenations ---
+    
+    // Manageable concatenation - Should work
+    type ConcatTuple<T extends any[], U extends any[]> = [...T, ...U];
+    type Result1 = ConcatTuple<[string, number], [boolean]>; // ✅ Should infer [string, number, boolean]
+    const concat1: Result1 = ["hello", 42, true]; // ✅ Should pass
+    
+    // Excessively large concatenation - Should trigger TS2590
+    type LargeConcat = ConcatTuple<[...Array<100>], [...Array<100>]>;
+    // ❌ Should trigger TS2590 for excessive complexity
+    
+    // --- Mapped Types on Tuples ---
+    
+    // Simple mapping - Should work
+    type Stringify<T extends any[]> = { [K in keyof T]: string };
+    type MappedTuple1 = Stringify<[number, boolean]>; // ✅ Should infer [string, string]
+    const map1: MappedTuple1 = ["42", "true"]; // ✅ Should pass
+    
+    // --- Nested Tuples ---
+    
+    // Deeply nested tuple - Should trigger TS2590
+    type DeepTuple = [string, [boolean | number, [boolean | number, [boolean | number]]]];
+    type Nested = [...DeepTuple, string]; // ❌ Should trigger TS2590
+    const deep: Nested = ["root", [true, [42, [false]]], "leaf"]; // Should fail with TS2590
+    
+    // --- Invalid Cases ---
+    
+    // Expected type mismatches (non-TS2590 failures)
+    const invalidConcat1: Result1 = ["hello", 42]; // ❌ Error: Missing boolean
+          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2322: Type '[string, number]' is not assignable to type '[string, number, boolean]'.
+!!! error TS2322:   Source has 2 element(s) but target requires 3.
+    const invalidMap1: MappedTuple1 = [42, true]; // ❌ Error: Expected strings
+                                       ~~
+!!! error TS2322: Type 'number' is not assignable to type 'string'.
+                                           ~~~~
+!!! error TS2322: Type 'boolean' is not assignable to type 'string'.
+    
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/tupleComplexity.js b/tests/baselines/reference/tupleComplexity.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..c75c2e0151d48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/tupleComplexity.js
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+//// [tests/cases/compiler/tupleComplexity.ts] ////
+
+//// [tupleComplexity.ts]
+// Tests for TS2590: "Expression produces a union type that is too complex to represent"
+
+// --- Tuple Unions ---
+
+// Simple union - Should work
+type TupleUnion1 = [string, number] | [boolean, string];
+const valid1: TupleUnion1 = ["hello", 42]; // ✅ Should pass
+const valid2: TupleUnion1 = [true, "world"]; // ✅ Should pass
+
+// Extended union - Should trigger TS2590
+type TupleUnion2 = [string, number] | [boolean, string];
+type ComplexTuple = [...TupleUnion2, string]; // ❌ Should trigger TS2590
+const invalid: ComplexTuple = ["hello", 42, "world"]; // Should fail with TS2590
+
+// --- Tuple Concatenations ---
+
+// Manageable concatenation - Should work
+type ConcatTuple<T extends any[], U extends any[]> = [...T, ...U];
+type Result1 = ConcatTuple<[string, number], [boolean]>; // ✅ Should infer [string, number, boolean]
+const concat1: Result1 = ["hello", 42, true]; // ✅ Should pass
+
+// Excessively large concatenation - Should trigger TS2590
+type LargeConcat = ConcatTuple<[...Array<100>], [...Array<100>]>;
+// ❌ Should trigger TS2590 for excessive complexity
+
+// --- Mapped Types on Tuples ---
+
+// Simple mapping - Should work
+type Stringify<T extends any[]> = { [K in keyof T]: string };
+type MappedTuple1 = Stringify<[number, boolean]>; // ✅ Should infer [string, string]
+const map1: MappedTuple1 = ["42", "true"]; // ✅ Should pass
+
+// --- Nested Tuples ---
+
+// Deeply nested tuple - Should trigger TS2590
+type DeepTuple = [string, [boolean | number, [boolean | number, [boolean | number]]]];
+type Nested = [...DeepTuple, string]; // ❌ Should trigger TS2590
+const deep: Nested = ["root", [true, [42, [false]]], "leaf"]; // Should fail with TS2590
+
+// --- Invalid Cases ---
+
+// Expected type mismatches (non-TS2590 failures)
+const invalidConcat1: Result1 = ["hello", 42]; // ❌ Error: Missing boolean
+const invalidMap1: MappedTuple1 = [42, true]; // ❌ Error: Expected strings
+
+
+//// [tupleComplexity.js]
+// Tests for TS2590: "Expression produces a union type that is too complex to represent"
+var valid1 = ["hello", 42]; // ✅ Should pass
+var valid2 = [true, "world"]; // ✅ Should pass
+var invalid = ["hello", 42, "world"]; // Should fail with TS2590
+var concat1 = ["hello", 42, true]; // ✅ Should pass
+var map1 = ["42", "true"]; // ✅ Should pass
+var deep = ["root", [true, [42, [false]]], "leaf"]; // Should fail with TS2590
+// --- Invalid Cases ---
+// Expected type mismatches (non-TS2590 failures)
+var invalidConcat1 = ["hello", 42]; // ❌ Error: Missing boolean
+var invalidMap1 = [42, true]; // ❌ Error: Expected strings
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/tupleComplexity.symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/tupleComplexity.symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..34054917e62b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/tupleComplexity.symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+//// [tests/cases/compiler/tupleComplexity.ts] ////
+
+=== tupleComplexity.ts ===
+// Tests for TS2590: "Expression produces a union type that is too complex to represent"
+
+// --- Tuple Unions ---
+
+// Simple union - Should work
+type TupleUnion1 = [string, number] | [boolean, string];
+>TupleUnion1 : Symbol(TupleUnion1, Decl(tupleComplexity.ts, 0, 0))
+
+const valid1: TupleUnion1 = ["hello", 42]; // ✅ Should pass
+>valid1 : Symbol(valid1, Decl(tupleComplexity.ts, 6, 5))
+>TupleUnion1 : Symbol(TupleUnion1, Decl(tupleComplexity.ts, 0, 0))
+
+const valid2: TupleUnion1 = [true, "world"]; // ✅ Should pass
+>valid2 : Symbol(valid2, Decl(tupleComplexity.ts, 7, 5))
+>TupleUnion1 : Symbol(TupleUnion1, Decl(tupleComplexity.ts, 0, 0))
+
+// Extended union - Should trigger TS2590
+type TupleUnion2 = [string, number] | [boolean, string];
+>TupleUnion2 : Symbol(TupleUnion2, Decl(tupleComplexity.ts, 7, 44))
+
+type ComplexTuple = [...TupleUnion2, string]; // ❌ Should trigger TS2590
+>ComplexTuple : Symbol(ComplexTuple, Decl(tupleComplexity.ts, 10, 56))
+>TupleUnion2 : Symbol(TupleUnion2, Decl(tupleComplexity.ts, 7, 44))
+
+const invalid: ComplexTuple = ["hello", 42, "world"]; // Should fail with TS2590
+>invalid : Symbol(invalid, Decl(tupleComplexity.ts, 12, 5))
+>ComplexTuple : Symbol(ComplexTuple, Decl(tupleComplexity.ts, 10, 56))
+
+// --- Tuple Concatenations ---
+
+// Manageable concatenation - Should work
+type ConcatTuple<T extends any[], U extends any[]> = [...T, ...U];
+>ConcatTuple : Symbol(ConcatTuple, Decl(tupleComplexity.ts, 12, 53))
+>T : Symbol(T, Decl(tupleComplexity.ts, 17, 17))
+>U : Symbol(U, Decl(tupleComplexity.ts, 17, 33))
+>T : Symbol(T, Decl(tupleComplexity.ts, 17, 17))
+>U : Symbol(U, Decl(tupleComplexity.ts, 17, 33))
+
+type Result1 = ConcatTuple<[string, number], [boolean]>; // ✅ Should infer [string, number, boolean]
+>Result1 : Symbol(Result1, Decl(tupleComplexity.ts, 17, 66))
+>ConcatTuple : Symbol(ConcatTuple, Decl(tupleComplexity.ts, 12, 53))
+
+const concat1: Result1 = ["hello", 42, true]; // ✅ Should pass
+>concat1 : Symbol(concat1, Decl(tupleComplexity.ts, 19, 5))
+>Result1 : Symbol(Result1, Decl(tupleComplexity.ts, 17, 66))
+
+// Excessively large concatenation - Should trigger TS2590
+type LargeConcat = ConcatTuple<[...Array<100>], [...Array<100>]>;
+>LargeConcat : Symbol(LargeConcat, Decl(tupleComplexity.ts, 19, 45))
+>ConcatTuple : Symbol(ConcatTuple, Decl(tupleComplexity.ts, 12, 53))
+>Array : Symbol(Array, Decl(lib.es5.d.ts, --, --), Decl(lib.es5.d.ts, --, --))
+>Array : Symbol(Array, Decl(lib.es5.d.ts, --, --), Decl(lib.es5.d.ts, --, --))
+
+// ❌ Should trigger TS2590 for excessive complexity
+
+// --- Mapped Types on Tuples ---
+
+// Simple mapping - Should work
+type Stringify<T extends any[]> = { [K in keyof T]: string };
+>Stringify : Symbol(Stringify, Decl(tupleComplexity.ts, 22, 65))
+>T : Symbol(T, Decl(tupleComplexity.ts, 28, 15))
+>K : Symbol(K, Decl(tupleComplexity.ts, 28, 37))
+>T : Symbol(T, Decl(tupleComplexity.ts, 28, 15))
+
+type MappedTuple1 = Stringify<[number, boolean]>; // ✅ Should infer [string, string]
+>MappedTuple1 : Symbol(MappedTuple1, Decl(tupleComplexity.ts, 28, 61))
+>Stringify : Symbol(Stringify, Decl(tupleComplexity.ts, 22, 65))
+
+const map1: MappedTuple1 = ["42", "true"]; // ✅ Should pass
+>map1 : Symbol(map1, Decl(tupleComplexity.ts, 30, 5))
+>MappedTuple1 : Symbol(MappedTuple1, Decl(tupleComplexity.ts, 28, 61))
+
+// --- Nested Tuples ---
+
+// Deeply nested tuple - Should trigger TS2590
+type DeepTuple = [string, [boolean | number, [boolean | number, [boolean | number]]]];
+>DeepTuple : Symbol(DeepTuple, Decl(tupleComplexity.ts, 30, 42))
+
+type Nested = [...DeepTuple, string]; // ❌ Should trigger TS2590
+>Nested : Symbol(Nested, Decl(tupleComplexity.ts, 35, 86))
+>DeepTuple : Symbol(DeepTuple, Decl(tupleComplexity.ts, 30, 42))
+
+const deep: Nested = ["root", [true, [42, [false]]], "leaf"]; // Should fail with TS2590
+>deep : Symbol(deep, Decl(tupleComplexity.ts, 37, 5))
+>Nested : Symbol(Nested, Decl(tupleComplexity.ts, 35, 86))
+
+// --- Invalid Cases ---
+
+// Expected type mismatches (non-TS2590 failures)
+const invalidConcat1: Result1 = ["hello", 42]; // ❌ Error: Missing boolean
+>invalidConcat1 : Symbol(invalidConcat1, Decl(tupleComplexity.ts, 42, 5))
+>Result1 : Symbol(Result1, Decl(tupleComplexity.ts, 17, 66))
+
+const invalidMap1: MappedTuple1 = [42, true]; // ❌ Error: Expected strings
+>invalidMap1 : Symbol(invalidMap1, Decl(tupleComplexity.ts, 43, 5))
+>MappedTuple1 : Symbol(MappedTuple1, Decl(tupleComplexity.ts, 28, 61))
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/tupleComplexity.types b/tests/baselines/reference/tupleComplexity.types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..721aa59a83b27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/tupleComplexity.types
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+//// [tests/cases/compiler/tupleComplexity.ts] ////
+
+=== tupleComplexity.ts ===
+// Tests for TS2590: "Expression produces a union type that is too complex to represent"
+
+// --- Tuple Unions ---
+
+// Simple union - Should work
+type TupleUnion1 = [string, number] | [boolean, string];
+>TupleUnion1 : TupleUnion1
+>            : ^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+const valid1: TupleUnion1 = ["hello", 42]; // ✅ Should pass
+>valid1 : TupleUnion1
+>       : ^^^^^^^^^^^
+>["hello", 42] : [string, number]
+>              : ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+>"hello" : "hello"
+>        : ^^^^^^^
+>42 : 42
+>   : ^^
+
+const valid2: TupleUnion1 = [true, "world"]; // ✅ Should pass
+>valid2 : TupleUnion1
+>       : ^^^^^^^^^^^
+>[true, "world"] : [true, string]
+>                : ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+>true : true
+>     : ^^^^
+>"world" : "world"
+>        : ^^^^^^^
+
+// Extended union - Should trigger TS2590
+type TupleUnion2 = [string, number] | [boolean, string];
+>TupleUnion2 : TupleUnion2
+>            : ^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+type ComplexTuple = [...TupleUnion2, string]; // ❌ Should trigger TS2590
+>ComplexTuple : [string, number, string] | [boolean, string, string]
+>             : ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+const invalid: ComplexTuple = ["hello", 42, "world"]; // Should fail with TS2590
+>invalid : [string, number, string] | [boolean, string, string]
+>        : ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+>["hello", 42, "world"] : [string, number, string]
+>                       : ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+>"hello" : "hello"
+>        : ^^^^^^^
+>42 : 42
+>   : ^^
+>"world" : "world"
+>        : ^^^^^^^
+
+// --- Tuple Concatenations ---
+
+// Manageable concatenation - Should work
+type ConcatTuple<T extends any[], U extends any[]> = [...T, ...U];
+>ConcatTuple : [...T, ...U]
+>            : ^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+type Result1 = ConcatTuple<[string, number], [boolean]>; // ✅ Should infer [string, number, boolean]
+>Result1 : [string, number, boolean]
+>        : ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+const concat1: Result1 = ["hello", 42, true]; // ✅ Should pass
+>concat1 : [string, number, boolean]
+>        : ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+>["hello", 42, true] : [string, number, true]
+>                    : ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+>"hello" : "hello"
+>        : ^^^^^^^
+>42 : 42
+>   : ^^
+>true : true
+>     : ^^^^
+
+// Excessively large concatenation - Should trigger TS2590
+type LargeConcat = ConcatTuple<[...Array<100>], [...Array<100>]>;
+>LargeConcat : 100[]
+>            : ^^^^^
+
+// ❌ Should trigger TS2590 for excessive complexity
+
+// --- Mapped Types on Tuples ---
+
+// Simple mapping - Should work
+type Stringify<T extends any[]> = { [K in keyof T]: string };
+>Stringify : Stringify<T>
+>          : ^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+type MappedTuple1 = Stringify<[number, boolean]>; // ✅ Should infer [string, string]
+>MappedTuple1 : [string, string]
+>             : ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+const map1: MappedTuple1 = ["42", "true"]; // ✅ Should pass
+>map1 : [string, string]
+>     : ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+>["42", "true"] : [string, string]
+>               : ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+>"42" : "42"
+>     : ^^^^
+>"true" : "true"
+>       : ^^^^^^
+
+// --- Nested Tuples ---
+
+// Deeply nested tuple - Should trigger TS2590
+type DeepTuple = [string, [boolean | number, [boolean | number, [boolean | number]]]];
+>DeepTuple : DeepTuple
+>          : ^^^^^^^^^
+
+type Nested = [...DeepTuple, string]; // ❌ Should trigger TS2590
+>Nested : [string, [number | boolean, [number | boolean, [number | boolean]]], string]
+>       : ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+const deep: Nested = ["root", [true, [42, [false]]], "leaf"]; // Should fail with TS2590
+>deep : [string, [number | boolean, [number | boolean, [number | boolean]]], string]
+>     : ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+>["root", [true, [42, [false]]], "leaf"] : [string, [true, [number, [false]]], string]
+>                                        : ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+>"root" : "root"
+>       : ^^^^^^
+>[true, [42, [false]]] : [true, [number, [false]]]
+>                      : ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+>true : true
+>     : ^^^^
+>[42, [false]] : [number, [false]]
+>              : ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+>42 : 42
+>   : ^^
+>[false] : [false]
+>        : ^^^^^^^
+>false : false
+>      : ^^^^^
+>"leaf" : "leaf"
+>       : ^^^^^^
+
+// --- Invalid Cases ---
+
+// Expected type mismatches (non-TS2590 failures)
+const invalidConcat1: Result1 = ["hello", 42]; // ❌ Error: Missing boolean
+>invalidConcat1 : [string, number, boolean]
+>               : ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+>["hello", 42] : [string, number]
+>              : ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+>"hello" : "hello"
+>        : ^^^^^^^
+>42 : 42
+>   : ^^
+
+const invalidMap1: MappedTuple1 = [42, true]; // ❌ Error: Expected strings
+>invalidMap1 : [string, string]
+>            : ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+>[42, true] : [number, boolean]
+>           : ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+>42 : 42
+>   : ^^
+>true : true
+>     : ^^^^
+
diff --git a/tests/cases/compiler/tupleComplexity.ts b/tests/cases/compiler/tupleComplexity.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..c58911da01834
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cases/compiler/tupleComplexity.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+// Tests for TS2590: "Expression produces a union type that is too complex to represent"
+
+// --- Tuple Unions ---
+
+// Simple union - Should work
+type TupleUnion1 = [string, number] | [boolean, string];
+const valid1: TupleUnion1 = ["hello", 42]; // ✅ Should pass
+const valid2: TupleUnion1 = [true, "world"]; // ✅ Should pass
+
+// Extended union - Should trigger TS2590
+type TupleUnion2 = [string, number] | [boolean, string];
+type ComplexTuple = [...TupleUnion2, string]; // ❌ Should trigger TS2590
+const invalid: ComplexTuple = ["hello", 42, "world"]; // Should fail with TS2590
+
+// --- Tuple Concatenations ---
+
+// Manageable concatenation - Should work
+type ConcatTuple<T extends any[], U extends any[]> = [...T, ...U];
+type Result1 = ConcatTuple<[string, number], [boolean]>; // ✅ Should infer [string, number, boolean]
+const concat1: Result1 = ["hello", 42, true]; // ✅ Should pass
+
+// Excessively large concatenation - Should trigger TS2590
+type LargeConcat = ConcatTuple<[...Array<100>], [...Array<100>]>;
+// ❌ Should trigger TS2590 for excessive complexity
+
+// --- Mapped Types on Tuples ---
+
+// Simple mapping - Should work
+type Stringify<T extends any[]> = { [K in keyof T]: string };
+type MappedTuple1 = Stringify<[number, boolean]>; // ✅ Should infer [string, string]
+const map1: MappedTuple1 = ["42", "true"]; // ✅ Should pass
+
+// --- Nested Tuples ---
+
+// Deeply nested tuple - Should trigger TS2590
+type DeepTuple = [string, [boolean | number, [boolean | number, [boolean | number]]]];
+type Nested = [...DeepTuple, string]; // ❌ Should trigger TS2590
+const deep: Nested = ["root", [true, [42, [false]]], "leaf"]; // Should fail with TS2590
+
+// --- Invalid Cases ---
+
+// Expected type mismatches (non-TS2590 failures)
+const invalidConcat1: Result1 = ["hello", 42]; // ❌ Error: Missing boolean
+const invalidMap1: MappedTuple1 = [42, true]; // ❌ Error: Expected strings