tutorial2.ipynb

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    "# Legal Analytics (LAW3025) - Tutorial 2: 'Data-driven research design'\n",
    "\n",
    "*Version*: 2023/2024\n",
    "\n",
    "### 2.1. Understanding data-driven research design\n",
    "\n",
    "Find an empirical/data-driven legal research article and review the research design by:\n",
    "\n",
    "1. summarizing the theory underlying the research,\n",
    "2. describing the main research question(s) and hypothesis(-es),\n",
    "3. explaining the main finding(s) of the research,\n",
    "4. evaluating the reliability and validity of their measure(s) and measurement procedure(s), and\n",
    "5. determining whether the authors disclose any issues of privacy or ethics for their research, and, if not, evaluate that choice.\n",
    "\n",
    "Form groups of 3 and prepare a presentation covering the five points above in maximum 10 minutes.\n",
    "\n",
    "A good place to start is to check these publications:\n",
    "\n",
    "* The International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law (ICAIL)\n",
    "* The International Conference on Legal Knowledge and Information Systems (JURIX)\n",
    "* The International Workshop on Juris-informatics (JURISIN)\n",
    "* Journal of Empirical Legal Studies\n",
    "\n",
    "### 2.2. Python Fundamentals Jupyter Notebook\n",
    "\n",
    "The following exercises will check your understanding of:\n",
    "\n",
    "* What are variables in Python.\n",
    "* How to perform basic calculations.\n",
    "* How to write functions in Python.\n",
    "* Read a pandas dataframe.\n",
    "* How to select columns and rows (subsets) in pandas dataframe.\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "**Note that programming follows a different approach compared to other disciplines or courses. Programming isn't learned by reading books and expecting to know everything, but rather by putting it into practice. It is a highly iterative learning process. Even the most experienced programmers get stuck all the time and then have to consult the documentation of the used programming libraries (e.g., `pandas`), turn to online communities like `StackOverflow`, or ask `ChatGPT`. When you use such online resources, MAKE SURE THAT YOU UNDERSTAND WHY YOU DO WHAT YOU DO. For example, when using ChatGPT, then ask it to explain the outputs to you. If you don't do this, your learnings from this course will be very limited.**"
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   "source": [
    "## Variables and Strings"
   ]
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    "**1. What is the final value of `position` in the program below?** (Try to predict the value without running the python code, then check your prediction_)\n",
    "\n",
    "```python\n",
    "initial = 'Legal'\n",
    "position = initial\n",
    "initial = 'Analytics'\n",
    "```"
   ]
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    "**2. If you create and assign to the variable `IDH` the value `= 0.0005`, what happens if you try to get the second digit (e.g. `.`) of `IDH` via index `IDH[1]`?**"
   ]
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    "**3. What does the following code print?** Think about it before you write a new python code. Then add some explanation (< 50 words) in text cell.\n",
    "\n",
    "```python\n",
    "city_name = 'Arequipa'\n",
    "print('city_name[1:3] is', city_name[1:3])\n",
    "```"
   ]
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    "**4. Can you concatenate strings in python?** Can you demonstrate how with an example in a python cell?"
   ]
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   "source": [
    "## Functions\n",
    "\n",
    "The function syntax should be always as following:"
   ]
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   "source": [
    "def f(x):\n",
    "    print(x)"
   ]
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    "+ **def**   tells Python that you are writing a function _definition_. This line of code is also followed by a colon.\n",
    "\n",
    "+ **f**     is the name of the function so that the user can call the function later on.\n",
    "\n",
    "+ **x**     within the parenthesis are parameters passed into the function to be used."
   ]
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     "text": [
      "I am X\n"
     ]
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   "source": [
    "## Suppose we have the following string\n",
    "x = \"I am X\"\n",
    "## We can call our function f on x variable\n",
    "f(x)"
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    "- Begin the definition of a new function with def.\n",
    "- Followed by the name of the function.\n",
    "    - Must obey the same rules as variable names.\n",
    "- Then parameters in parentheses.\n",
    "    - Empty parentheses if the function doesn’t take any inputs.\n",
    "- Then a colon.\n",
    "- Then an indented block of code."
   ]
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   "source": [
    "def print_greeting():\n",
    "    print('Hello!')"
   ]
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   "source": [
    "- Defining a function does not run it, it is like assigning a value to a variable. You must call the function to execute the code it contains."
   ]
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    {
     "name": "stdout",
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     "text": [
      "Hello!\n"
     ]
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   "source": [
    "# call the previous function print_greeting\n",
    "print_greeting()"
   ]
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    "Function can have a return value:\n",
    "The return value is something that may be retrieved or calculated within the function. For instance:"
   ]
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    "## Suppose we have a function that multiply 10 to a given integer\n",
    "def multiplyten(x):\n",
    "    x = x*10 # In this line, we are assigning a new value to x\n",
    "    return x # Return is what the function will give back"
   ]
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   "source": [
    "# now lets call the function mutiplyten\n",
    "multiplyten(5)"
   ]
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    "### EXERCISE\n",
    "\n",
    "*Law firms in Netherlands have an hourly rate along with a **x**% office cost and **y**% VAT tax. Write a function to compute the total cost of a law firm for **n** number of hours. The rate per hour of a legal firm in the Hague is € 200. In addition to this, they charge 5% office cost and 21% VAT. Use this function to compute the total cost of hiring this law firm for 10 hours.*"
   ]
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   "source": [
    "## Data Handling with Pandas"
   ]
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       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>Alabama</td>\n",
       "      <td>1960</td>\n",
       "      <td>3266740</td>\n",
       "      <td>1035.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>355.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>592.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>87.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>186.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>138.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>12.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>8.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>27.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>33823</td>\n",
       "      <td>11626</td>\n",
       "      <td>19344</td>\n",
       "      <td>2853</td>\n",
       "      <td>6097</td>\n",
       "      <td>4512</td>\n",
       "      <td>406</td>\n",
       "      <td>281</td>\n",
       "      <td>898</td>\n",
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       "      <td>Alabama</td>\n",
       "      <td>1961</td>\n",
       "      <td>3302000</td>\n",
       "      <td>985.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>339.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>569.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>76.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>168.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>128.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>12.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>7.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>19.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>32541</td>\n",
       "      <td>11205</td>\n",
       "      <td>18801</td>\n",
       "      <td>2535</td>\n",
       "      <td>5564</td>\n",
       "      <td>4255</td>\n",
       "      <td>427</td>\n",
       "      <td>252</td>\n",
       "      <td>630</td>\n",
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       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>Alabama</td>\n",
       "      <td>1962</td>\n",
       "      <td>3358000</td>\n",
       "      <td>1067.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>349.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>634.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>83.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>157.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>119.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>9.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>22.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>35829</td>\n",
       "      <td>11722</td>\n",
       "      <td>21306</td>\n",
       "      <td>2801</td>\n",
       "      <td>5283</td>\n",
       "      <td>3995</td>\n",
       "      <td>316</td>\n",
       "      <td>218</td>\n",
       "      <td>754</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>Alabama</td>\n",
       "      <td>1963</td>\n",
       "      <td>3347000</td>\n",
       "      <td>1150.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>376.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>683.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>90.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>182.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>142.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>24.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>38521</td>\n",
       "      <td>12614</td>\n",
       "      <td>22874</td>\n",
       "      <td>3033</td>\n",
       "      <td>6115</td>\n",
       "      <td>4755</td>\n",
       "      <td>340</td>\n",
       "      <td>192</td>\n",
       "      <td>828</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>Alabama</td>\n",
       "      <td>1964</td>\n",
       "      <td>3407000</td>\n",
       "      <td>1358.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>466.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>784.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>108.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>213.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>163.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>9.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>11.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>29.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>46290</td>\n",
       "      <td>15898</td>\n",
       "      <td>26713</td>\n",
       "      <td>3679</td>\n",
       "      <td>7260</td>\n",
       "      <td>5555</td>\n",
       "      <td>316</td>\n",
       "      <td>397</td>\n",
       "      <td>992</td>\n",
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       "      <th>3110</th>\n",
       "      <td>Wyoming</td>\n",
       "      <td>2015</td>\n",
       "      <td>586107</td>\n",
       "      <td>179.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>1902.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>300.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>1500.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>222.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>29.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>21.3</td>\n",
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       "      <td>16</td>\n",
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       "      <td>125</td>\n",
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       "      <th>3111</th>\n",
       "      <td>Wyoming</td>\n",
       "      <td>2016</td>\n",
       "      <td>585501</td>\n",
       "      <td>1957.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>302.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>1518.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>136.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>244.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>195.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>35.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>11460</td>\n",
       "      <td>1771</td>\n",
       "      <td>8889</td>\n",
       "      <td>800</td>\n",
       "      <td>1430</td>\n",
       "      <td>1146</td>\n",
       "      <td>20</td>\n",
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       "      <th>3112</th>\n",
       "      <td>Wyoming</td>\n",
       "      <td>2017</td>\n",
       "      <td>579315</td>\n",
       "      <td>1830.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>275.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1421.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>134.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>237.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>176.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>45.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>13.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>10604</td>\n",
       "      <td>1593</td>\n",
       "      <td>8232</td>\n",
       "      <td>779</td>\n",
       "      <td>1376</td>\n",
       "      <td>1022</td>\n",
       "      <td>15</td>\n",
       "      <td>263</td>\n",
       "      <td>76</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3113</th>\n",
       "      <td>Wyoming</td>\n",
       "      <td>2018</td>\n",
       "      <td>577737</td>\n",
       "      <td>1785.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>264.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1375.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>145.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>212.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>150.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>42.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>17.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>10313</td>\n",
       "      <td>1525</td>\n",
       "      <td>7949</td>\n",
       "      <td>839</td>\n",
       "      <td>1226</td>\n",
       "      <td>870</td>\n",
       "      <td>13</td>\n",
       "      <td>243</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3114</th>\n",
       "      <td>Wyoming</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019</td>\n",
       "      <td>578759</td>\n",
       "      <td>1571.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>241.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>1206.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>123.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>217.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>147.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>56.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>11.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>9093</td>\n",
       "      <td>1396</td>\n",
       "      <td>6984</td>\n",
       "      <td>713</td>\n",
       "      <td>1258</td>\n",
       "      <td>854</td>\n",
       "      <td>13</td>\n",
       "      <td>324</td>\n",
       "      <td>67</td>\n",
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       "<p>3115 rows × 21 columns</p>\n",
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       "  "
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "        State  Year  ...  Data.Totals.Violent.Rape  Data.Totals.Violent.Robbery\n",
       "0     Alabama  1960  ...                       281                          898\n",
       "1     Alabama  1961  ...                       252                          630\n",
       "2     Alabama  1962  ...                       218                          754\n",
       "3     Alabama  1963  ...                       192                          828\n",
       "4     Alabama  1964  ...                       397                          992\n",
       "...       ...   ...  ...                       ...                          ...\n",
       "3110  Wyoming  2015  ...                       173                          125\n",
       "3111  Wyoming  2016  ...                       205                           59\n",
       "3112  Wyoming  2017  ...                       263                           76\n",
       "3113  Wyoming  2018  ...                       243                          100\n",
       "3114  Wyoming  2019  ...                       324                           67\n",
       "\n",
       "[3115 rows x 21 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Read the data into a dataframe using the url of the csv file\n",
    "import pandas as pd\n",
    "df = pd.read_csv('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/maastrichtlawtech/law3025-legal-analytics/main/data/state_crime.csv')\n",
    "df"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "id": "NA6cl6T0zlv9"
   },
   "source": [
    "We can get a slice of the data by using the `df.query()` function to select all the records relating to a specific year. For example, by specifying the corresponding column to filter (`Year`) and the desired value (`2007`)."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {
     "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
     "height": 1000
    },
    "id": "qUoC4xjpjSI2",
    "outputId": "ea56a445-83f2-4e26-86dc-7d342d1ff3ac"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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       "      <th>47</th>\n",
       "      <td>Alabama</td>\n",
       "      <td>2007</td>\n",
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       "      <td>11417</td>\n",
       "      <td>412</td>\n",
       "      <td>1548</td>\n",
       "      <td>7398</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>107</th>\n",
       "      <td>Alaska</td>\n",
       "      <td>2007</td>\n",
       "      <td>683478</td>\n",
       "      <td>3379.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>546.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>2476.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>356.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>661.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>490.3</td>\n",
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       "      <td>43</td>\n",
       "      <td>545</td>\n",
       "      <td>581</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>167</th>\n",
       "      <td>Arizona</td>\n",
       "      <td>2007</td>\n",
       "      <td>6338755</td>\n",
       "      <td>4532.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>946.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>2793.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>792.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>518.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>318.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>8.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>37.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>154.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>287308</td>\n",
       "      <td>59988</td>\n",
       "      <td>177076</td>\n",
       "      <td>50244</td>\n",
       "      <td>32835</td>\n",
       "      <td>20170</td>\n",
       "      <td>548</td>\n",
       "      <td>2353</td>\n",
       "      <td>9764</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>227</th>\n",
       "      <td>Arkansas</td>\n",
       "      <td>2007</td>\n",
       "      <td>2834797</td>\n",
       "      <td>3955.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>1130.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>2578.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>246.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>537.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>374.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>7.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>45.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>109.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>112130</td>\n",
       "      <td>32035</td>\n",
       "      <td>73096</td>\n",
       "      <td>6999</td>\n",
       "      <td>15226</td>\n",
       "      <td>10629</td>\n",
       "      <td>198</td>\n",
       "      <td>1294</td>\n",
       "      <td>3105</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>287</th>\n",
       "      <td>California</td>\n",
       "      <td>2007</td>\n",
       "      <td>36553215</td>\n",
       "      <td>3043.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>650.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>1790.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>602.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>524.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>299.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>24.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>193.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>1112510</td>\n",
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       "      <td>109547</td>\n",
       "      <td>2262</td>\n",
       "      <td>9046</td>\n",
       "      <td>70706</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>347</th>\n",
       "      <td>Colorado</td>\n",
       "      <td>2007</td>\n",
       "      <td>4861515</td>\n",
       "      <td>2999.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>589.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2067.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>342.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>351.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>234.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>42.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>71.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>145808</td>\n",
       "      <td>28633</td>\n",
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       "      <td>16656</td>\n",
       "      <td>17101</td>\n",
       "      <td>11410</td>\n",
       "      <td>155</td>\n",
       "      <td>2075</td>\n",
       "      <td>3461</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>407</th>\n",
       "      <td>Connecticut</td>\n",
       "      <td>2007</td>\n",
       "      <td>3502309</td>\n",
       "      <td>2470.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>446.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>1739.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>284.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>301.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>155.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>19.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>122.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>86528</td>\n",
       "      <td>15640</td>\n",
       "      <td>60937</td>\n",
       "      <td>9951</td>\n",
       "      <td>10547</td>\n",
       "      <td>5441</td>\n",
       "      <td>113</td>\n",
       "      <td>690</td>\n",
       "      <td>4303</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>467</th>\n",
       "      <td>Delaware</td>\n",
       "      <td>2007</td>\n",
       "      <td>864764</td>\n",
       "      <td>3378.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>742.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>2365.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>270.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>705.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>457.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>39.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>203.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>29216</td>\n",
       "      <td>6420</td>\n",
       "      <td>20454</td>\n",
       "      <td>2342</td>\n",
       "      <td>6100</td>\n",
       "      <td>3957</td>\n",
       "      <td>39</td>\n",
       "      <td>341</td>\n",
       "      <td>1763</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>527</th>\n",
       "      <td>District of Columbia</td>\n",
       "      <td>2007</td>\n",
       "      <td>588292</td>\n",
       "      <td>4916.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>667.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>2956.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1292.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>1415.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>626.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>30.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>32.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>725.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>28922</td>\n",
       "      <td>3926</td>\n",
       "      <td>17390</td>\n",
       "      <td>7606</td>\n",
       "      <td>8325</td>\n",
       "      <td>3687</td>\n",
       "      <td>181</td>\n",
       "      <td>192</td>\n",
       "      <td>4265</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>587</th>\n",
       "      <td>Florida</td>\n",
       "      <td>2007</td>\n",
       "      <td>18251243</td>\n",
       "      <td>4088.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>996.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>2689.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>403.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>722.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>473.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>33.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>209.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>746249</td>\n",
       "      <td>181836</td>\n",
       "      <td>490783</td>\n",
       "      <td>73630</td>\n",
       "      <td>131878</td>\n",
       "      <td>86372</td>\n",
       "      <td>1202</td>\n",
       "      <td>6149</td>\n",
       "      <td>38155</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>647</th>\n",
       "      <td>Georgia</td>\n",
       "      <td>2007</td>\n",
       "      <td>9544750</td>\n",
       "      <td>3889.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>946.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2498.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>445.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>491.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>279.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>7.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>23.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>181.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>371248</td>\n",
       "      <td>90294</td>\n",
       "      <td>238436</td>\n",
       "      <td>42518</td>\n",
       "      <td>46917</td>\n",
       "      <td>26708</td>\n",
       "      <td>720</td>\n",
       "      <td>2198</td>\n",
       "      <td>17291</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>707</th>\n",
       "      <td>Hawaii</td>\n",
       "      <td>2007</td>\n",
       "      <td>1283388</td>\n",
       "      <td>4119.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>708.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>2921.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>489.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>276.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>157.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>29.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>87.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>52866</td>\n",
       "      <td>9089</td>\n",
       "      <td>37494</td>\n",
       "      <td>6283</td>\n",
       "      <td>3544</td>\n",
       "      <td>2021</td>\n",
       "      <td>24</td>\n",
       "      <td>377</td>\n",
       "      <td>1122</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>767</th>\n",
       "      <td>Idaho</td>\n",
       "      <td>2007</td>\n",
       "      <td>1499402</td>\n",
       "      <td>2275.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>475.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>1649.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>151.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>256.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>196.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>40.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>16.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>34124</td>\n",
       "      <td>7131</td>\n",
       "      <td>24727</td>\n",
       "      <td>2266</td>\n",
       "      <td>3841</td>\n",
       "      <td>2942</td>\n",
       "      <td>49</td>\n",
       "      <td>607</td>\n",
       "      <td>243</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>827</th>\n",
       "      <td>Illinois</td>\n",
       "      <td>2007</td>\n",
       "      <td>12852548</td>\n",
       "      <td>2935.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>587.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>2084.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>263.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>533.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>315.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>31.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>179.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>377322</td>\n",
       "      <td>75524</td>\n",
       "      <td>267911</td>\n",
       "      <td>33887</td>\n",
       "      <td>68528</td>\n",
       "      <td>40573</td>\n",
       "      <td>752</td>\n",
       "      <td>4103</td>\n",
       "      <td>23100</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>887</th>\n",
       "      <td>Indiana</td>\n",
       "      <td>2007</td>\n",
       "      <td>6345289</td>\n",
       "      <td>3370.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>732.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>2332.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>305.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>335.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>179.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>27.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>123.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>213887</td>\n",
       "      <td>46485</td>\n",
       "      <td>147999</td>\n",
       "      <td>19403</td>\n",
       "      <td>21310</td>\n",
       "      <td>11377</td>\n",
       "      <td>350</td>\n",
       "      <td>1738</td>\n",
       "      <td>7845</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>947</th>\n",
       "      <td>Iowa</td>\n",
       "      <td>2007</td>\n",
       "      <td>2988046</td>\n",
       "      <td>2648.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>574.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>1908.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>165.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>300.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>222.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>32.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>44.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>79133</td>\n",
       "      <td>17176</td>\n",
       "      <td>57018</td>\n",
       "      <td>4939</td>\n",
       "      <td>8970</td>\n",
       "      <td>6633</td>\n",
       "      <td>39</td>\n",
       "      <td>970</td>\n",
       "      <td>1328</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1007</th>\n",
       "      <td>Kansas</td>\n",
       "      <td>2007</td>\n",
       "      <td>2775997</td>\n",
       "      <td>3709.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>737.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>2662.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>309.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>458.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>335.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>46.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>72.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>102961</td>\n",
       "      <td>20461</td>\n",
       "      <td>73900</td>\n",
       "      <td>8600</td>\n",
       "      <td>12730</td>\n",
       "      <td>9315</td>\n",
       "      <td>106</td>\n",
       "      <td>1287</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1067</th>\n",
       "      <td>Kentucky</td>\n",
       "      <td>2007</td>\n",
       "      <td>4241474</td>\n",
       "      <td>2546.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>655.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>1685.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>204.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>290.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>157.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>32.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>95.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>107987</td>\n",
       "      <td>27820</td>\n",
       "      <td>71489</td>\n",
       "      <td>8678</td>\n",
       "      <td>12329</td>\n",
       "      <td>6690</td>\n",
       "      <td>206</td>\n",
       "      <td>1365</td>\n",
       "      <td>4068</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1127</th>\n",
       "      <td>Louisiana</td>\n",
       "      <td>2007</td>\n",
       "      <td>4293204</td>\n",
       "      <td>4204.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>1093.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>2755.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>356.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>740.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>545.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>14.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>33.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>147.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>180516</td>\n",
       "      <td>46932</td>\n",
       "      <td>118291</td>\n",
       "      <td>15293</td>\n",
       "      <td>31789</td>\n",
       "      <td>23421</td>\n",
       "      <td>625</td>\n",
       "      <td>1427</td>\n",
       "      <td>6316</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1187</th>\n",
       "      <td>Maine</td>\n",
       "      <td>2007</td>\n",
       "      <td>1317207</td>\n",
       "      <td>2448.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>512.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>1839.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>96.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>118.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>61.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>29.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>26.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>32249</td>\n",
       "      <td>6745</td>\n",
       "      <td>24228</td>\n",
       "      <td>1276</td>\n",
       "      <td>1565</td>\n",
       "      <td>804</td>\n",
       "      <td>20</td>\n",
       "      <td>392</td>\n",
       "      <td>349</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1247</th>\n",
       "      <td>Maryland</td>\n",
       "      <td>2007</td>\n",
       "      <td>5618344</td>\n",
       "      <td>3431.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>660.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>2265.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>505.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>641.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>375.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>9.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>21.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>236.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>192796</td>\n",
       "      <td>37095</td>\n",
       "      <td>127308</td>\n",
       "      <td>28393</td>\n",
       "      <td>36063</td>\n",
       "      <td>21072</td>\n",
       "      <td>554</td>\n",
       "      <td>1179</td>\n",
       "      <td>13258</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1307</th>\n",
       "      <td>Massachusetts</td>\n",
       "      <td>2007</td>\n",
       "      <td>6449755</td>\n",
       "      <td>2399.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>554.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>1611.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>233.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>441.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>304.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>25.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>108.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>154743</td>\n",
       "      <td>35767</td>\n",
       "      <td>103925</td>\n",
       "      <td>15051</td>\n",
       "      <td>28487</td>\n",
       "      <td>19636</td>\n",
       "      <td>187</td>\n",
       "      <td>1643</td>\n",
       "      <td>7021</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1367</th>\n",
       "      <td>Michigan</td>\n",
       "      <td>2007</td>\n",
       "      <td>10071822</td>\n",
       "      <td>3063.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>747.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>1899.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>416.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>533.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>349.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>45.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>132.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>308550</td>\n",
       "      <td>75273</td>\n",
       "      <td>191289</td>\n",
       "      <td>41988</td>\n",
       "      <td>53765</td>\n",
       "      <td>35147</td>\n",
       "      <td>661</td>\n",
       "      <td>4592</td>\n",
       "      <td>13365</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1427</th>\n",
       "      <td>Minnesota</td>\n",
       "      <td>2007</td>\n",
       "      <td>5197621</td>\n",
       "      <td>3044.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>571.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>2229.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>243.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>289.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>159.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>36.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>91.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>158257</td>\n",
       "      <td>29717</td>\n",
       "      <td>115892</td>\n",
       "      <td>12648</td>\n",
       "      <td>15054</td>\n",
       "      <td>8295</td>\n",
       "      <td>116</td>\n",
       "      <td>1873</td>\n",
       "      <td>4770</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1487</th>\n",
       "      <td>Mississippi</td>\n",
       "      <td>2007</td>\n",
       "      <td>2918785</td>\n",
       "      <td>3113.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>932.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>1934.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>246.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>291.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>149.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>35.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>99.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>90887</td>\n",
       "      <td>27223</td>\n",
       "      <td>56473</td>\n",
       "      <td>7191</td>\n",
       "      <td>8502</td>\n",
       "      <td>4371</td>\n",
       "      <td>202</td>\n",
       "      <td>1033</td>\n",
       "      <td>2896</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1547</th>\n",
       "      <td>Missouri</td>\n",
       "      <td>2007</td>\n",
       "      <td>5878415</td>\n",
       "      <td>3829.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>763.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>2659.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>406.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>560.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>392.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>30.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>131.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>225113</td>\n",
       "      <td>44897</td>\n",
       "      <td>156319</td>\n",
       "      <td>23897</td>\n",
       "      <td>32962</td>\n",
       "      <td>23082</td>\n",
       "      <td>367</td>\n",
       "      <td>1785</td>\n",
       "      <td>7728</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1607</th>\n",
       "      <td>Montana</td>\n",
       "      <td>2007</td>\n",
       "      <td>957861</td>\n",
       "      <td>2906.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>362.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>2329.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>213.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>379.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>314.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>37.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>24.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>27837</td>\n",
       "      <td>3476</td>\n",
       "      <td>22315</td>\n",
       "      <td>2046</td>\n",
       "      <td>3638</td>\n",
       "      <td>3015</td>\n",
       "      <td>27</td>\n",
       "      <td>363</td>\n",
       "      <td>233</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1667</th>\n",
       "      <td>Nebraska</td>\n",
       "      <td>2007</td>\n",
       "      <td>1774571</td>\n",
       "      <td>3142.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>509.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>2337.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>295.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>311.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>213.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>31.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>62.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>55765</td>\n",
       "      <td>9035</td>\n",
       "      <td>41484</td>\n",
       "      <td>5246</td>\n",
       "      <td>5524</td>\n",
       "      <td>3788</td>\n",
       "      <td>71</td>\n",
       "      <td>550</td>\n",
       "      <td>1115</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1727</th>\n",
       "      <td>Nevada</td>\n",
       "      <td>2007</td>\n",
       "      <td>2565382</td>\n",
       "      <td>3785.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>971.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1942.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>871.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>754.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>434.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>7.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>42.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>270.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>97118</td>\n",
       "      <td>24911</td>\n",
       "      <td>49844</td>\n",
       "      <td>22363</td>\n",
       "      <td>19365</td>\n",
       "      <td>11138</td>\n",
       "      <td>193</td>\n",
       "      <td>1096</td>\n",
       "      <td>6938</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1787</th>\n",
       "      <td>New Hampshire</td>\n",
       "      <td>2007</td>\n",
       "      <td>1315828</td>\n",
       "      <td>2005.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>385.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>1513.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>107.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>144.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>81.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>27.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>34.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>26394</td>\n",
       "      <td>5074</td>\n",
       "      <td>19909</td>\n",
       "      <td>1411</td>\n",
       "      <td>1896</td>\n",
       "      <td>1076</td>\n",
       "      <td>12</td>\n",
       "      <td>357</td>\n",
       "      <td>451</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1847</th>\n",
       "      <td>New Jersey</td>\n",
       "      <td>2007</td>\n",
       "      <td>8685920</td>\n",
       "      <td>2214.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>428.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>1532.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>252.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>328.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>167.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>11.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>144.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>192338</td>\n",
       "      <td>37234</td>\n",
       "      <td>133145</td>\n",
       "      <td>21959</td>\n",
       "      <td>28544</td>\n",
       "      <td>14564</td>\n",
       "      <td>381</td>\n",
       "      <td>1032</td>\n",
       "      <td>12567</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1907</th>\n",
       "      <td>New Mexico</td>\n",
       "      <td>2007</td>\n",
       "      <td>1969915</td>\n",
       "      <td>3815.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>1057.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>2306.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>451.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>675.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>496.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>9.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>52.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>117.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>75168</td>\n",
       "      <td>20823</td>\n",
       "      <td>45442</td>\n",
       "      <td>8903</td>\n",
       "      <td>13311</td>\n",
       "      <td>9777</td>\n",
       "      <td>183</td>\n",
       "      <td>1028</td>\n",
       "      <td>2323</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1962</th>\n",
       "      <td>New York</td>\n",
       "      <td>2007</td>\n",
       "      <td>19297729</td>\n",
       "      <td>1987.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>336.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>1506.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>145.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>414.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>233.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>15.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>161.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>383624</td>\n",
       "      <td>64914</td>\n",
       "      <td>290681</td>\n",
       "      <td>28029</td>\n",
       "      <td>79962</td>\n",
       "      <td>45144</td>\n",
       "      <td>805</td>\n",
       "      <td>2928</td>\n",
       "      <td>31085</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2022</th>\n",
       "      <td>North Carolina</td>\n",
       "      <td>2007</td>\n",
       "      <td>9061032</td>\n",
       "      <td>4082.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>1199.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>2574.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>308.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>466.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>283.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>26.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>149.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>369893</td>\n",
       "      <td>108700</td>\n",
       "      <td>233241</td>\n",
       "      <td>27952</td>\n",
       "      <td>42231</td>\n",
       "      <td>25727</td>\n",
       "      <td>584</td>\n",
       "      <td>2386</td>\n",
       "      <td>13534</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2082</th>\n",
       "      <td>North Dakota</td>\n",
       "      <td>2007</td>\n",
       "      <td>639715</td>\n",
       "      <td>2000.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>361.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>1485.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>153.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>209.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>156.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>39.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>11.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>12796</td>\n",
       "      <td>2314</td>\n",
       "      <td>9500</td>\n",
       "      <td>982</td>\n",
       "      <td>1343</td>\n",
       "      <td>999</td>\n",
       "      <td>17</td>\n",
       "      <td>252</td>\n",
       "      <td>75</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2142</th>\n",
       "      <td>Ohio</td>\n",
       "      <td>2007</td>\n",
       "      <td>11466917</td>\n",
       "      <td>3468.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>863.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>2308.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>296.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>355.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>150.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>40.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>160.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>397681</td>\n",
       "      <td>99049</td>\n",
       "      <td>264677</td>\n",
       "      <td>33955</td>\n",
       "      <td>40759</td>\n",
       "      <td>17218</td>\n",
       "      <td>529</td>\n",
       "      <td>4661</td>\n",
       "      <td>18351</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2202</th>\n",
       "      <td>Oklahoma</td>\n",
       "      <td>2007</td>\n",
       "      <td>3617316</td>\n",
       "      <td>3558.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>950.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>2232.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>376.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>504.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>360.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>43.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>93.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>128714</td>\n",
       "      <td>34367</td>\n",
       "      <td>80747</td>\n",
       "      <td>13600</td>\n",
       "      <td>18234</td>\n",
       "      <td>13053</td>\n",
       "      <td>224</td>\n",
       "      <td>1565</td>\n",
       "      <td>3392</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2262</th>\n",
       "      <td>Oregon</td>\n",
       "      <td>2007</td>\n",
       "      <td>3747455</td>\n",
       "      <td>3543.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>613.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>2539.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>390.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>293.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>181.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>34.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>76.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>132773</td>\n",
       "      <td>22979</td>\n",
       "      <td>95157</td>\n",
       "      <td>14637</td>\n",
       "      <td>11015</td>\n",
       "      <td>6799</td>\n",
       "      <td>76</td>\n",
       "      <td>1276</td>\n",
       "      <td>2864</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2322</th>\n",
       "      <td>Pennsylvania</td>\n",
       "      <td>2007</td>\n",
       "      <td>12432792</td>\n",
       "      <td>2363.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>451.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>1699.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>213.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>416.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>226.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>27.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>156.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>293850</td>\n",
       "      <td>56091</td>\n",
       "      <td>211248</td>\n",
       "      <td>26511</td>\n",
       "      <td>51806</td>\n",
       "      <td>28198</td>\n",
       "      <td>725</td>\n",
       "      <td>3443</td>\n",
       "      <td>19440</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2382</th>\n",
       "      <td>Rhode Island</td>\n",
       "      <td>2007</td>\n",
       "      <td>1057832</td>\n",
       "      <td>2606.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>492.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>1812.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>302.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>229.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>131.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>24.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>71.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>27576</td>\n",
       "      <td>5206</td>\n",
       "      <td>19175</td>\n",
       "      <td>3195</td>\n",
       "      <td>2424</td>\n",
       "      <td>1387</td>\n",
       "      <td>19</td>\n",
       "      <td>258</td>\n",
       "      <td>760</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2442</th>\n",
       "      <td>South Carolina</td>\n",
       "      <td>2007</td>\n",
       "      <td>4407709</td>\n",
       "      <td>4294.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>1030.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2876.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>388.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>785.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>593.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>8.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>40.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>144.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>189304</td>\n",
       "      <td>45398</td>\n",
       "      <td>126802</td>\n",
       "      <td>17104</td>\n",
       "      <td>34630</td>\n",
       "      <td>26139</td>\n",
       "      <td>364</td>\n",
       "      <td>1773</td>\n",
       "      <td>6354</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2502</th>\n",
       "      <td>South Dakota</td>\n",
       "      <td>2007</td>\n",
       "      <td>796214</td>\n",
       "      <td>1736.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>332.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>1305.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>98.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>241.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>168.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>54.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>14.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>13829</td>\n",
       "      <td>2647</td>\n",
       "      <td>10398</td>\n",
       "      <td>784</td>\n",
       "      <td>1926</td>\n",
       "      <td>1344</td>\n",
       "      <td>31</td>\n",
       "      <td>433</td>\n",
       "      <td>118</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2562</th>\n",
       "      <td>Tennessee</td>\n",
       "      <td>2007</td>\n",
       "      <td>6156719</td>\n",
       "      <td>4098.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>1004.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>2741.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>352.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>755.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>533.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>35.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>179.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>252342</td>\n",
       "      <td>61817</td>\n",
       "      <td>168807</td>\n",
       "      <td>21718</td>\n",
       "      <td>46482</td>\n",
       "      <td>32843</td>\n",
       "      <td>405</td>\n",
       "      <td>2201</td>\n",
       "      <td>11033</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2622</th>\n",
       "      <td>Texas</td>\n",
       "      <td>2007</td>\n",
       "      <td>23904380</td>\n",
       "      <td>4122.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>955.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>2774.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>393.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>510.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>306.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>35.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>162.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>985421</td>\n",
       "      <td>228320</td>\n",
       "      <td>663101</td>\n",
       "      <td>94000</td>\n",
       "      <td>122014</td>\n",
       "      <td>73357</td>\n",
       "      <td>1419</td>\n",
       "      <td>8460</td>\n",
       "      <td>38778</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2682</th>\n",
       "      <td>United States</td>\n",
       "      <td>2007</td>\n",
       "      <td>301621157</td>\n",
       "      <td>3276.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>726.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>2185.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>364.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>471.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>287.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>30.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>148.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>9882212</td>\n",
       "      <td>2190198</td>\n",
       "      <td>6591542</td>\n",
       "      <td>1100472</td>\n",
       "      <td>1422970</td>\n",
       "      <td>866358</td>\n",
       "      <td>17128</td>\n",
       "      <td>92160</td>\n",
       "      <td>447324</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2742</th>\n",
       "      <td>Utah</td>\n",
       "      <td>2007</td>\n",
       "      <td>2645330</td>\n",
       "      <td>3518.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>589.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>2592.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>337.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>239.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>148.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>35.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>53.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>93082</td>\n",
       "      <td>15594</td>\n",
       "      <td>68573</td>\n",
       "      <td>8915</td>\n",
       "      <td>6347</td>\n",
       "      <td>3928</td>\n",
       "      <td>59</td>\n",
       "      <td>935</td>\n",
       "      <td>1425</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2802</th>\n",
       "      <td>Vermont</td>\n",
       "      <td>2007</td>\n",
       "      <td>621254</td>\n",
       "      <td>2366.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>515.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>1747.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>104.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>129.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>93.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>20.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>12.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>14702</td>\n",
       "      <td>3200</td>\n",
       "      <td>10853</td>\n",
       "      <td>649</td>\n",
       "      <td>802</td>\n",
       "      <td>582</td>\n",
       "      <td>13</td>\n",
       "      <td>128</td>\n",
       "      <td>79</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2862</th>\n",
       "      <td>Virginia</td>\n",
       "      <td>2007</td>\n",
       "      <td>7712091</td>\n",
       "      <td>2486.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>415.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>1888.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>182.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>272.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>144.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>23.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>99.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>191763</td>\n",
       "      <td>32028</td>\n",
       "      <td>145634</td>\n",
       "      <td>14101</td>\n",
       "      <td>21035</td>\n",
       "      <td>11131</td>\n",
       "      <td>415</td>\n",
       "      <td>1793</td>\n",
       "      <td>7696</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2922</th>\n",
       "      <td>Washington</td>\n",
       "      <td>2007</td>\n",
       "      <td>6468424</td>\n",
       "      <td>4047.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>817.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>2640.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>589.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>336.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>198.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>41.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>94.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>261776</td>\n",
       "      <td>52874</td>\n",
       "      <td>170782</td>\n",
       "      <td>38120</td>\n",
       "      <td>21768</td>\n",
       "      <td>12862</td>\n",
       "      <td>174</td>\n",
       "      <td>2653</td>\n",
       "      <td>6079</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2982</th>\n",
       "      <td>West Virginia</td>\n",
       "      <td>2007</td>\n",
       "      <td>1812035</td>\n",
       "      <td>2517.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>597.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>1728.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>191.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>276.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>205.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>21.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>46.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>45620</td>\n",
       "      <td>10822</td>\n",
       "      <td>31321</td>\n",
       "      <td>3477</td>\n",
       "      <td>5016</td>\n",
       "      <td>3716</td>\n",
       "      <td>65</td>\n",
       "      <td>388</td>\n",
       "      <td>847</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3042</th>\n",
       "      <td>Wisconsin</td>\n",
       "      <td>2007</td>\n",
       "      <td>5601640</td>\n",
       "      <td>2843.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>497.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>2105.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>240.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>291.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>168.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>21.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>97.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>159305</td>\n",
       "      <td>27890</td>\n",
       "      <td>117957</td>\n",
       "      <td>13458</td>\n",
       "      <td>16330</td>\n",
       "      <td>9438</td>\n",
       "      <td>185</td>\n",
       "      <td>1227</td>\n",
       "      <td>5480</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3102</th>\n",
       "      <td>Wyoming</td>\n",
       "      <td>2007</td>\n",
       "      <td>522830</td>\n",
       "      <td>2879.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>452.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>2271.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>155.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>257.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>204.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>32.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>16.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>15053</td>\n",
       "      <td>2365</td>\n",
       "      <td>11875</td>\n",
       "      <td>813</td>\n",
       "      <td>1344</td>\n",
       "      <td>1067</td>\n",
       "      <td>21</td>\n",
       "      <td>172</td>\n",
       "      <td>84</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
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      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                     State  ...  Data.Totals.Violent.Robbery\n",
       "47                 Alabama  ...                         7398\n",
       "107                 Alaska  ...                          581\n",
       "167                Arizona  ...                         9764\n",
       "227               Arkansas  ...                         3105\n",
       "287             California  ...                        70706\n",
       "347               Colorado  ...                         3461\n",
       "407            Connecticut  ...                         4303\n",
       "467               Delaware  ...                         1763\n",
       "527   District of Columbia  ...                         4265\n",
       "587                Florida  ...                        38155\n",
       "647                Georgia  ...                        17291\n",
       "707                 Hawaii  ...                         1122\n",
       "767                  Idaho  ...                          243\n",
       "827               Illinois  ...                        23100\n",
       "887                Indiana  ...                         7845\n",
       "947                   Iowa  ...                         1328\n",
       "1007                Kansas  ...                         2022\n",
       "1067              Kentucky  ...                         4068\n",
       "1127             Louisiana  ...                         6316\n",
       "1187                 Maine  ...                          349\n",
       "1247              Maryland  ...                        13258\n",
       "1307         Massachusetts  ...                         7021\n",
       "1367              Michigan  ...                        13365\n",
       "1427             Minnesota  ...                         4770\n",
       "1487           Mississippi  ...                         2896\n",
       "1547              Missouri  ...                         7728\n",
       "1607               Montana  ...                          233\n",
       "1667              Nebraska  ...                         1115\n",
       "1727                Nevada  ...                         6938\n",
       "1787         New Hampshire  ...                          451\n",
       "1847            New Jersey  ...                        12567\n",
       "1907            New Mexico  ...                         2323\n",
       "1962              New York  ...                        31085\n",
       "2022        North Carolina  ...                        13534\n",
       "2082          North Dakota  ...                           75\n",
       "2142                  Ohio  ...                        18351\n",
       "2202              Oklahoma  ...                         3392\n",
       "2262                Oregon  ...                         2864\n",
       "2322          Pennsylvania  ...                        19440\n",
       "2382          Rhode Island  ...                          760\n",
       "2442        South Carolina  ...                         6354\n",
       "2502          South Dakota  ...                          118\n",
       "2562             Tennessee  ...                        11033\n",
       "2622                 Texas  ...                        38778\n",
       "2682         United States  ...                       447324\n",
       "2742                  Utah  ...                         1425\n",
       "2802               Vermont  ...                           79\n",
       "2862              Virginia  ...                         7696\n",
       "2922            Washington  ...                         6079\n",
       "2982         West Virginia  ...                          847\n",
       "3042             Wisconsin  ...                         5480\n",
       "3102               Wyoming  ...                           84\n",
       "\n",
       "[52 rows x 21 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df_2007 = df.query('Year == 2007')\n",
    "df_2007"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "id": "lK11T1cw0Cvy"
   },
   "source": [
    "Similarly, we can find various crime records for the state of Wisconsin for the year 2007 by doing the following operation."
   ]
  },
  {
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       "      <td>Wisconsin</td>\n",
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      "text/plain": [
       "          State  Year  ...  Data.Totals.Violent.Rape  Data.Totals.Violent.Robbery\n",
       "3042  Wisconsin  2007  ...                      1227                         5480\n",
       "\n",
       "[1 rows x 21 columns]"
      ]
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     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df_2007_wisconsin = df_2007.query('State == \"Wisconsin\" ')\n",
    "df_2007_wisconsin"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "id": "KEWjoYBSAD52"
   },
   "source": [
    "Find all the unique States in the dataframe. Do you find something strange ? Select only the entries from the dataframe which are not states. \n",
    "\n",
    "Hint: United States and District of Columbia are not states. "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 28,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {
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    },
    "id": "Es8zZiNBAsUO",
    "outputId": "20b69259-bd13-4780-d1bb-69ac20af8161"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array(['Alabama', 'Alaska', 'Arizona', 'Arkansas', 'California',\n",
       "       'Colorado', 'Connecticut', 'Delaware', 'District of Columbia',\n",
       "       'Florida', 'Georgia', 'Hawaii', 'Idaho', 'Illinois', 'Indiana',\n",
       "       'Iowa', 'Kansas', 'Kentucky', 'Louisiana', 'Maine', 'Maryland',\n",
       "       'Massachusetts', 'Michigan', 'Minnesota', 'Mississippi',\n",
       "       'Missouri', 'Montana', 'Nebraska', 'Nevada', 'New Hampshire',\n",
       "       'New Jersey', 'New Mexico', 'New York', 'North Carolina',\n",
       "       'North Dakota', 'Ohio', 'Oklahoma', 'Oregon', 'Pennsylvania',\n",
       "       'Rhode Island', 'South Carolina', 'South Dakota', 'Tennessee',\n",
       "       'Texas', 'United States', 'Utah', 'Vermont', 'Virginia',\n",
       "       'Washington', 'West Virginia', 'Wisconsin', 'Wyoming'],\n",
       "      dtype=object)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 28,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df['State'].unique()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "id": "led8TUb32jjU"
   },
   "source": [
    "How would you count the number of unique states in the 'State' column ?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {
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    },
    "id": "7_U4mVncCanU",
    "outputId": "0bcfdde1-2f2b-47dd-896b-73388769ae9f"
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   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "52"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 16,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df['State'].nunique()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "id": "vpPqjaSo2rG3"
   },
   "source": [
    "Let's select the 50 States using the query() method. We create a new dataframe, `df_50_States` for this.\n",
    "Basically, using the & (and) operator we select all the rows in the dataframe which don't belong to 'United States' and 'District of Columbia'. "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
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    "id": "BBcn7abkGC9o",
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       "      <td>355.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>592.1</td>\n",
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       "      <td>33823</td>\n",
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       "      <td>2853</td>\n",
       "      <td>6097</td>\n",
       "      <td>4512</td>\n",
       "      <td>406</td>\n",
       "      <td>281</td>\n",
       "      <td>898</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>Alabama</td>\n",
       "      <td>1961</td>\n",
       "      <td>3302000</td>\n",
       "      <td>985.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>339.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>569.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>76.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>168.5</td>\n",
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       "      <td>11205</td>\n",
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       "      <td>2535</td>\n",
       "      <td>5564</td>\n",
       "      <td>4255</td>\n",
       "      <td>427</td>\n",
       "      <td>252</td>\n",
       "      <td>630</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>Alabama</td>\n",
       "      <td>1962</td>\n",
       "      <td>3358000</td>\n",
       "      <td>1067.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>349.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>634.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>83.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>157.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>119.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>9.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>22.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>35829</td>\n",
       "      <td>11722</td>\n",
       "      <td>21306</td>\n",
       "      <td>2801</td>\n",
       "      <td>5283</td>\n",
       "      <td>3995</td>\n",
       "      <td>316</td>\n",
       "      <td>218</td>\n",
       "      <td>754</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>Alabama</td>\n",
       "      <td>1963</td>\n",
       "      <td>3347000</td>\n",
       "      <td>1150.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>376.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>683.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>90.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>182.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>142.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>24.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>38521</td>\n",
       "      <td>12614</td>\n",
       "      <td>22874</td>\n",
       "      <td>3033</td>\n",
       "      <td>6115</td>\n",
       "      <td>4755</td>\n",
       "      <td>340</td>\n",
       "      <td>192</td>\n",
       "      <td>828</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>Alabama</td>\n",
       "      <td>1964</td>\n",
       "      <td>3407000</td>\n",
       "      <td>1358.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>466.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>784.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>108.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>213.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>163.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>9.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>11.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>29.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>46290</td>\n",
       "      <td>15898</td>\n",
       "      <td>26713</td>\n",
       "      <td>3679</td>\n",
       "      <td>7260</td>\n",
       "      <td>5555</td>\n",
       "      <td>316</td>\n",
       "      <td>397</td>\n",
       "      <td>992</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
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       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
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       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
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       "      <td>...</td>\n",
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       "      <td>...</td>\n",
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       "      <td>...</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3110</th>\n",
       "      <td>Wyoming</td>\n",
       "      <td>2015</td>\n",
       "      <td>586107</td>\n",
       "      <td>179.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>1902.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>300.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>1500.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>222.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>29.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>21.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>1054</td>\n",
       "      <td>11151</td>\n",
       "      <td>1762</td>\n",
       "      <td>8797</td>\n",
       "      <td>1302</td>\n",
       "      <td>59</td>\n",
       "      <td>16</td>\n",
       "      <td>173</td>\n",
       "      <td>125</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3111</th>\n",
       "      <td>Wyoming</td>\n",
       "      <td>2016</td>\n",
       "      <td>585501</td>\n",
       "      <td>1957.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>302.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>1518.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>136.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>244.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>195.7</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3112</th>\n",
       "      <td>Wyoming</td>\n",
       "      <td>2017</td>\n",
       "      <td>579315</td>\n",
       "      <td>1830.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>275.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1421.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>134.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>237.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>176.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>45.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>13.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>10604</td>\n",
       "      <td>1593</td>\n",
       "      <td>8232</td>\n",
       "      <td>779</td>\n",
       "      <td>1376</td>\n",
       "      <td>1022</td>\n",
       "      <td>15</td>\n",
       "      <td>263</td>\n",
       "      <td>76</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3113</th>\n",
       "      <td>Wyoming</td>\n",
       "      <td>2018</td>\n",
       "      <td>577737</td>\n",
       "      <td>1785.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>264.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1375.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>145.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>212.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>150.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>42.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>17.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>10313</td>\n",
       "      <td>1525</td>\n",
       "      <td>7949</td>\n",
       "      <td>839</td>\n",
       "      <td>1226</td>\n",
       "      <td>870</td>\n",
       "      <td>13</td>\n",
       "      <td>243</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3114</th>\n",
       "      <td>Wyoming</td>\n",
       "      <td>2019</td>\n",
       "      <td>578759</td>\n",
       "      <td>1571.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>241.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>1206.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>123.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>217.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>147.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>56.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>11.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>9093</td>\n",
       "      <td>1396</td>\n",
       "      <td>6984</td>\n",
       "      <td>713</td>\n",
       "      <td>1258</td>\n",
       "      <td>854</td>\n",
       "      <td>13</td>\n",
       "      <td>324</td>\n",
       "      <td>67</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>2995 rows × 21 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>\n",
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       "  "
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "        State  Year  ...  Data.Totals.Violent.Rape  Data.Totals.Violent.Robbery\n",
       "0     Alabama  1960  ...                       281                          898\n",
       "1     Alabama  1961  ...                       252                          630\n",
       "2     Alabama  1962  ...                       218                          754\n",
       "3     Alabama  1963  ...                       192                          828\n",
       "4     Alabama  1964  ...                       397                          992\n",
       "...       ...   ...  ...                       ...                          ...\n",
       "3110  Wyoming  2015  ...                       173                          125\n",
       "3111  Wyoming  2016  ...                       205                           59\n",
       "3112  Wyoming  2017  ...                       263                           76\n",
       "3113  Wyoming  2018  ...                       243                          100\n",
       "3114  Wyoming  2019  ...                       324                           67\n",
       "\n",
       "[2995 rows x 21 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 17,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df_50_States = df.query(\"State!='United States' & State!='District of Columbia'\")\n",
    "df_50_States"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "id": "u59y2k5F3EoK"
   },
   "source": [
    "Now let's check how many unique States we have in the `'State'` column."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {
     "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
    },
    "id": "PCpEVbEiHdKG",
    "outputId": "2b3d89c4-41fb-4ac7-980b-2fa235de5c88"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "50"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 18,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df_50_States['State']. nunique()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "id": "kOyKC0Sk-dYJ"
   },
   "source": [
    "### EXERCISE\n",
    "\n",
    "*Find the total number of robberies (hint: look at data.totals.violent.robbery column) which took place in Rhode Island, Ohio and South Dakota in the year 2015.*"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
 ],
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