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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html class="split index" lang="en-US-x-hixie" manifest="/offline.manifest">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1.0;">
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/images/ios.png">
<link href="http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Droid+Serif:regular,italic,bold" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="/css/all.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="/css/desktop.css" rel="stylesheet" media="screen and (min-width: 960px)">
<link href="/css/handheld.css" rel="stylesheet" media="screen and (max-width: 959px)">
<!--[if lt IE 9]>
<link href="/css/oldie.css" rel="stylesheet">
<script src="http://html5shim.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/html5.js"></script>
<![endif]--><title>HTML5 — Edition for Web Developers</title>
<!-- to work around some browser bugs: -->
</head>
<body>
<div class="wrapper">
<header class="head"><!-- (class used by spec splitter) --><div class="logo">WHATWG</div>
<hgroup><h1><a href="/" rel="home">HTML5</a></h1>
<h2 class="no-num no-toc">A technical specification for Web developers</h2>
</hgroup><div></div>
<!-- (spec splitter deletes nodes [2:], so everything after here is only on the front page) -->
<p class="pubdate">19 February 2011</p>
<div id="search">
<div id="q-container" class="field-input-text-container">
<input name="q" type="search" placeholder="Search" autocomplete="off" id="q" class="field-input-text">
</div>
<ol id="r" class="results-list"></ol>
</div></header><section role="main">
<h2><span class="secno">1 </span> Style Guide</h2>
<h3>Todo</h3>
<ul>
<li><code>.secno</code></li>
<li><code>.brief</code></li>
<li><code>.domtree</code> + associated</li>
</ul>
<section id="headings">
<h3>Headings</h3>
<ol class="semantic-list">
<li><code><h1></code> — 300% M+2heavy</li>
<li><code><h2></code> — 160% M+2heavy</li>
<li><code><h3></code> — 140% Droid Serif</li>
<li><code><h4></code> — 120% Droid Serif bold dark red</li>
<li><code><h5></code> — 120% Helvetica Neue dark red</li>
<li><code><h6></code> — 110% Helvetica Neue bold dark red</li>
</ol>
<blockquote>
<h2><code><h2></code> level heading</h2>
<h3><code><h3></code> level heading</h3>
<h4><code><h4></code> level heading</h4>
<h5><code><h5></code> level heading</h5>
<h6><code><h6></code> level heading</h6>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<h2><code><h2></code> level heading (<i>italic</i>, <b>bold</b>, <code>code</code>)</h2>
<p>text</p>
<h3><code><h3></code> level heading (<i>italic</i>, <b>bold</b>, <code>code</code>)</h3>
<p>text</p>
<h4><code><h4></code> level heading (<i>italic</i>, <b>bold</b>, <code>code</code>)</h4>
<p>text</p>
<h5><code><h5></code> level heading (<i>italic</i>, <b>bold</b>, <code>code</code>)</h5>
<p>text</p>
<h6><code><h6></code> level heading (<i>italic</i>, <b>bold</b>, <code>code</code>)</h6>
<p>text</p>
</blockquote>
</section><!-- /#headings -->
<section id="phrasing">
<h3>Default phrasing styles</h3>
<p>First <a href="#">this is a link</a>. Going alphabetically we have <abbr title="abbr">an abbreviation</abbr>, then <b>the <code><b></code> element</b>, followed by a line break<br/> next a <cite>cite element</cite>, then an inline <code>code example (<mark><code></mark>)</code> containing <code><mark></code>. Next <del>some deleted text</del>, followed by a <dfn>definition</dfn>. <em>Emphasised text</em> is semantically different from <i>italicised text</i>. Images inside <code><p></code> should be inline <img src="no.png" width="24" height="24" alt="img" /> (outside they should be block). Some <ins>inserted text</ins> precedes <kbd>text the user should enter (<code><kbd></code>) via the keyboard</kbd>, and <mark>marked text (<code><mark></code>)</mark>. We then have <output>programming output using <code><output></code></output>, an <q>inline quote using <code><q></code>,</q> some <small>legalese using <code><small></code></small>, and <span>a <code><span></code> of text (obviously unstyled)</span>. For <strong>important content there’s <code><strong></code></strong>. Subscript text (<code><sub></code>) like H<sub>2</sub>O and superscript text (<code><sup></code>) such as M<sup>me</sup> Baker won’t break the measure. Here’s a variable <var>$monkey</var>. Finally there’s the poorly-supported <code><wbr></code> element for indicating acceptable break points in long words. It’s most useful in code samples, for example:</p>
<ul>
<li>Without <code><wbr></code>: <code><a href="http://www.whatwg.org/specs/webapps/currentwork/multipage/contentmodels.html#phrasingcontent0"></code></li>
<li>With <code><wbr></code>: <code><a href="http://www.whatwg.org/<wbr>specs/webapps/currentwork/<wbr>multipage/contentmodels.html<wbr>#phrasingcontent0"></code></li>
</ul>
</section><!-- /#phrasing -->
<section id="lists">
<h3>Lists</h3>
<h4>Definition list <code><dl></code></h4>
<dl class="element">
<dt>Categories</dt>
<dd>
<a href="content-models.html#flow-content">Flow content</a>.</dd>
<dd>
<a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content">Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
<dt>Things</dt>
<dd>bird, plastic, fish, safety, metal, spray, training, rodent, powder…</dd>
</dl>
<h4>Unordered list <code><ul></code></h4>
<ul>
<li>This is an unordered list with default styling. It is not very exciting, but it does its best</li>
<li>one</li>
<li>two</li>
<li>three</li>
</ul>
<h4>ordered list <code><ol></code></h4>
<ol>
<li>This is an ordered list with default styling. It is also rather dull — hope you don’t mind</li>
<li>one</li>
<li>two</li>
<li>three</li>
</ol>
<p>This is the <code>.toc</code> — it’s awesome</p>
</section>
<!--begin-toc-->
<ol class="toc">
<li>
<a href="introduction.html"><span class="secno">1 </span>
Introduction</a>
<ol>
<li><a href="introduction.html"><span class="secno">1.1 </span>
Is this HTML5?</a></li>
<li><a href="introduction.html"><span class="secno">1.2 </span>
Background</a></li>
<li><a href="introduction.html"><span class="secno">1.3 </span>
Audience</a></li>
<li><a href="introduction.html"><span class="secno">1.4 </span>
Scope</a></li>
<li><a href="introduction.html"><span class="secno">1.5 </span>
History</a></li>
<li>
<a href="introduction.html"><span class="secno">1.6 </span>
Design notes</a>
<ol>
<li><a href="introduction.html"><span class="secno">1.6.1 </span>
Serializability of script execution</a></li>
<li><a href="introduction.html"><span class="secno">1.6.2 </span>
Compliance with other specifications</a></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><a href="introduction.html"><span class="secno">1.7 </span>
HTML vs XHTML</a></li>
<li>
<a href="introduction.html"><span class="secno">1.8 </span>
Structure of this specification</a>
<ol>
<li><a href="introduction.html"><span class="secno">1.8.1 </span>
How to read this specification</a></li>
<li><a href="introduction.html"><span class="secno">1.8.2 </span>
Typographic conventions</a></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><a href="introduction.html"><span class="secno">1.9 </span>
A quick introduction to HTML</a></li>
<li>
<a href="introduction.html"><span class="secno">1.10 </span>
Conformance requirements for authors</a>
<ol>
<li><a href="introduction.html"><span class="secno">1.10.1 </span>
Presentational markup</a></li>
<li><a href="introduction.html"><span class="secno">1.10.2 </span>
Syntax errors</a></li>
<li><a href="introduction.html"><span class="secno">1.10.3 </span>
Restrictions on content models and on attribute values</a></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><a href="introduction.html"><span class="secno">1.11 </span>
Recommended reading</a></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
<a href="infrastructure.html"><span class="secno">2 </span>
Common infrastructure</a>
<ol>
<li>
<a href="infrastructure.html"><span class="secno">2.1 </span>
Terminology</a>
<ol>
<li><a href="infrastructure.html"><span class="secno">2.1.1 </span>
Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="infrastructure.html"><span class="secno">2.1.2 </span>
XML</a></li>
<li><a href="infrastructure.html"><span class="secno">2.1.3 </span>
DOM trees</a></li>
<li><a href="infrastructure.html"><span class="secno">2.1.4 </span>
Scripting</a></li>
<li><a href="infrastructure.html"><span class="secno">2.1.5 </span>
Plugins</a></li>
<li><a href="infrastructure.html"><span class="secno">2.1.6 </span>
Character encodings</a></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><a href="infrastructure.html"><span class="secno">2.2 </span>
Extensibility</a></li>
<li><a href="infrastructure.html"><span class="secno">2.3 </span>
Case-sensitivity and string comparison</a></li>
<li>
<a href="common-microsyntaxes.html"><span class="secno">2.4 </span>
Common microsyntaxes</a>
<ol>
<li><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html"><span class="secno">2.4.1 </span>
Boolean attributes</a></li>
<li><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html"><span class="secno">2.4.2 </span>
Keywords and enumerated attributes</a></li>
<li>
<a href="common-microsyntaxes.html"><span class="secno">2.4.3 </span>
Numbers</a>
<ol>
<li><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html"><span class="secno">2.4.3.1 </span>
Non-negative integers</a></li>
<li><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html"><span class="secno">2.4.3.2 </span>
Signed integers</a></li>
<li><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html"><span class="secno">2.4.3.3 </span>
Real numbers</a></li>
<li><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html"><span class="secno">2.4.3.4 </span>
Lists of integers</a></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
<a href="common-microsyntaxes.html"><span class="secno">2.4.4 </span>
Dates and times</a>
<ol>
<li><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html"><span class="secno">2.4.4.1 </span>
Months</a></li>
<li><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html"><span class="secno">2.4.4.2 </span>
Dates</a></li>
<li><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html"><span class="secno">2.4.4.3 </span>
Times</a></li>
<li><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html"><span class="secno">2.4.4.4 </span>
Local dates and times</a></li>
<li><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html"><span class="secno">2.4.4.5 </span>
Global dates and times</a></li>
<li><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html"><span class="secno">2.4.4.6 </span>
Weeks</a></li>
<li><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html"><span class="secno">2.4.4.7 </span>
Vaguer moments in time</a></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html"><span class="secno">2.4.5 </span>
Colors</a></li>
<li><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html"><span class="secno">2.4.6 </span>
Space-separated tokens</a></li>
<li><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html"><span class="secno">2.4.7 </span>
Comma-separated tokens</a></li>
<li><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html"><span class="secno">2.4.8 </span>
References</a></li>
<li><a href="common-microsyntaxes.html"><span class="secno">2.4.9 </span>
Media queries</a></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
<a href="urls.html"><span class="secno">2.5 </span>
URLs</a>
<ol>
<li><a href="urls.html"><span class="secno">2.5.1 </span>
Terminology</a></li>
<li><a href="urls.html"><span class="secno">2.5.2 </span>
Interfaces for URL manipulation</a></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
<a href="urls.html"><span class="secno">2.6 </span>
Common DOM interfaces</a>
<ol>
<li><a href="urls.html"><span class="secno">2.6.1 </span>
Reflecting content attributes in IDL attributes</a></li>
<li>
<a href="urls.html"><span class="secno">2.6.2 </span>
Collections</a>
<ol>
<li><a href="urls.html"><span class="secno">2.6.2.1 </span>
HTMLCollection</a></li>
<li><a href="urls.html"><span class="secno">2.6.2.2 </span>
HTMLAllCollection</a></li>
<li><a href="urls.html"><span class="secno">2.6.2.3 </span>
HTMLFormControlsCollection</a></li>
<li><a href="urls.html"><span class="secno">2.6.2.4 </span>
HTMLOptionsCollection</a></li>
<li><a href="urls.html"><span class="secno">2.6.2.5 </span>
HTMLPropertiesCollection</a></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><a href="urls.html"><span class="secno">2.6.3 </span>
DOMTokenList</a></li>
<li><a href="urls.html"><span class="secno">2.6.4 </span>
DOMSettableTokenList</a></li>
<li><a href="urls.html"><span class="secno">2.6.5 </span>
DOMStringMap</a></li>
<li><a href="urls.html"><span class="secno">2.6.6 </span>
DOMElementMap</a></li>
<li><a href="urls.html"><span class="secno">2.6.7 </span>
DOM feature strings</a></li>
<li><a href="urls.html"><span class="secno">2.6.8 </span>
Exceptions</a></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><a href="urls.html"><span class="secno">2.7 </span>
Namespaces</a></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
<a href="dom.html"><span class="secno">3 </span>
Semantics, structure, and APIs of HTML documents</a>
<ol>
<li>
<a href="dom.html"><span class="secno">3.1 </span>
Documents</a>
<ol>
<li><a href="dom.html"><span class="secno">3.1.1 </span>
Documents in the DOM</a></li>
<li><a href="dom.html"><span class="secno">3.1.2 </span>
Security</a></li>
<li><a href="dom.html"><span class="secno">3.1.3 </span>
Resource metadata management
</a></li>
<li><a href="dom.html"><span class="secno">3.1.4 </span>
DOM tree accessors
</a></li>
<li><a href="dom.html"><span class="secno">3.1.5 </span>
Creating documents</a></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
<a href="elements.html"><span class="secno">3.2 </span>
Elements</a>
<ol>
<li><a href="elements.html"><span class="secno">3.2.1 </span>
Semantics</a></li>
<li><a href="elements.html"><span class="secno">3.2.2 </span>
Elements in the DOM</a></li>
<li>
<a href="elements.html"><span class="secno">3.2.3 </span>
Global attributes
</a>
<ol>
<li><a href="elements.html"><span class="secno">3.2.3.1 </span>
The <code>id</code> attribute</a></li>
<li><a href="elements.html"><span class="secno">3.2.3.2 </span>
The <code>title</code> attribute</a></li>
<li><a href="elements.html"><span class="secno">3.2.3.3 </span>
The <code title="attr-lang">lang</code> and <code title="attr-xml-lang">xml:lang</code> attributes</a></li>
<li><a href="elements.html"><span class="secno">3.2.3.4 </span>
The <code>xml:base</code>
attribute (XML only)</a></li>
<li><a href="elements.html"><span class="secno">3.2.3.5 </span>
The <code>dir</code> attribute</a></li>
<li><a href="elements.html"><span class="secno">3.2.3.6 </span>
The <code>class</code> attribute</a></li>
<li><a href="elements.html"><span class="secno">3.2.3.7 </span>
The <code>style</code> attribute</a></li>
<li><a href="elements.html"><span class="secno">3.2.3.8 </span>
Embedding custom non-visible data with the <code title="attr-data-*">data-*</code> attributes</a></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
<a href="elements.html"><span class="secno">3.2.4 </span>
Element definitions</a>
<ol><li><a href="elements.html"><span class="secno">3.2.4.1 </span>
Attributes</a></li></ol>
</li>
<li>
<a href="content-models.html"><span class="secno">3.2.5 </span>
Content models
</a>
<ol>
<li>
<a href="content-models.html"><span class="secno">3.2.5.1 </span>
Kinds of content</a>
<ol>
<li><a href="content-models.html"><span class="secno">3.2.5.1.1 </span>
Metadata content</a></li>
<li><a href="content-models.html"><span class="secno">3.2.5.1.2 </span>
Flow content</a></li>
<li><a href="content-models.html"><span class="secno">3.2.5.1.3 </span>
Sectioning content</a></li>
<li><a href="content-models.html"><span class="secno">3.2.5.1.4 </span>
Heading content</a></li>
<li><a href="content-models.html"><span class="secno">3.2.5.1.5 </span>
Phrasing content</a></li>
<li><a href="content-models.html"><span class="secno">3.2.5.1.6 </span>
Embedded content</a></li>
<li><a href="content-models.html"><span class="secno">3.2.5.1.7 </span>
Interactive content</a></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><a href="content-models.html"><span class="secno">3.2.5.2 </span>
Transparent content models</a></li>
<li><a href="content-models.html"><span class="secno">3.2.5.3 </span>
Paragraphs</a></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><a href="content-models.html"><span class="secno">3.2.6 </span>
Requirements relating to bidirectional-algorithm formatting
characters</a></li>
<li><a href="content-models.html"><span class="secno">3.2.7 </span>
Annotations for assistive technology products (ARIA)</a></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><a href="apis-in-html-documents.html"><span class="secno">3.3 </span>
APIs in HTML documents</a></li>
<li>
<a href="apis-in-html-documents.html"><span class="secno">3.4 </span>
Dynamic markup insertion
</a>
<ol>
<li><a href="apis-in-html-documents.html"><span class="secno">3.4.1 </span>
Opening the input stream</a></li>
<li><a href="apis-in-html-documents.html"><span class="secno">3.4.2 </span>
Closing the input stream</a></li>
<li><a href="apis-in-html-documents.html"><span class="secno">3.4.3 </span>
<code title="dom-document-write">document.write()</code>
</a></li>
<li><a href="apis-in-html-documents.html"><span class="secno">3.4.4 </span>
<code title="dom-document-writeln">document.writeln()</code>
</a></li>
<li><a href="apis-in-html-documents.html"><span class="secno">3.4.5 </span>
<code title="dom-innerHTML">innerHTML</code>
</a></li>
<li><a href="apis-in-html-documents.html"><span class="secno">3.4.6 </span>
<code title="dom-outerHTML">outerHTML</code>
</a></li>
<li><a href="apis-in-html-documents.html"><span class="secno">3.4.7 </span>
<code title="dom-insertAdjacentHTML">insertAdjacentHTML()</code>
</a></li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
<a href="semantics.html"><span class="secno">4 </span>
The elements of HTML</a>
<ol>
<li>
<a href="semantics.html"><span class="secno">4.1 </span>
The root element</a>
<ol><li><a href="semantics.html"><span class="secno">4.1.1 </span>
The <code>html</code> element</a></li></ol>
</li>
<li>
<a href="semantics.html"><span class="secno">4.2 </span>
Document metadata</a>
<ol>
<li><a href="semantics.html"><span class="secno">4.2.1 </span>
The <code>head</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="semantics.html"><span class="secno">4.2.2 </span>
The <code>title</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="semantics.html"><span class="secno">4.2.3 </span>
The <code>base</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="semantics.html"><span class="secno">4.2.4 </span>
The <code>link</code> element</a></li>
<li>
<a href="semantics.html"><span class="secno">4.2.5 </span>
The <code>meta</code> element</a>
<ol>
<li><a href="semantics.html"><span class="secno">4.2.5.1 </span>
Standard metadata names</a></li>
<li><a href="semantics.html"><span class="secno">4.2.5.2 </span>
Other metadata names</a></li>
<li><a href="semantics.html"><span class="secno">4.2.5.3 </span>
Pragma directives</a></li>
<li><a href="semantics.html"><span class="secno">4.2.5.4 </span>
Other pragma directives</a></li>
<li><a href="semantics.html"><span class="secno">4.2.5.5 </span>
Specifying the document's character encoding</a></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><a href="semantics.html"><span class="secno">4.2.6 </span>
The <code>style</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="semantics.html"><span class="secno">4.2.7 </span>
Styling
</a></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
<a href="scripting-1.html"><span class="secno">4.3 </span>
Scripting</a>
<ol>
<li>
<a href="scripting-1.html"><span class="secno">4.3.1 </span>
The <code>script</code> element</a>
<ol>
<li><a href="scripting-1.html"><span class="secno">4.3.1.1 </span>
Scripting languages</a></li>
<li><a href="scripting-1.html"><span class="secno">4.3.1.2 </span>
Restrictions for contents of <code>script</code> elements
</a></li>
<li><a href="scripting-1.html"><span class="secno">4.3.1.3 </span>
Inline documentation for external scripts
</a></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><a href="scripting-1.html"><span class="secno">4.3.2 </span>
The <code>noscript</code> element</a></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
<a href="sections.html"><span class="secno">4.4 </span>
Sections</a>
<ol>
<li><a href="sections.html"><span class="secno">4.4.1 </span>
The <code>body</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="sections.html"><span class="secno">4.4.2 </span>
The <code>section</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="sections.html"><span class="secno">4.4.3 </span>
The <code>nav</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="sections.html"><span class="secno">4.4.4 </span>
The <code>article</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="sections.html"><span class="secno">4.4.5 </span>
The <code>aside</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="sections.html"><span class="secno">4.4.6 </span>
The <code>h1</code>, <code>h2</code>,
<code>h3</code>, <code>h4</code>,
<code>h5</code>, and <code>h6</code>
elements</a></li>
<li><a href="sections.html"><span class="secno">4.4.7 </span>
The <code>hgroup</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="sections.html"><span class="secno">4.4.8 </span>
The <code>header</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="sections.html"><span class="secno">4.4.9 </span>
The <code>footer</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="sections.html"><span class="secno">4.4.10 </span>
The <code>address</code> element</a></li>
<li>
<a href="sections.html"><span class="secno">4.4.11 </span>
Headings and sections
</a>
<ol><li><a href="sections.html"><span class="secno">4.4.11.1 </span>
Creating an outline</a></li></ol>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
<a href="grouping-content.html"><span class="secno">4.5 </span>
Grouping content</a>
<ol>
<li><a href="grouping-content.html"><span class="secno">4.5.1 </span>
The <code>p</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="grouping-content.html"><span class="secno">4.5.2 </span>
The <code>hr</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="grouping-content.html"><span class="secno">4.5.3 </span>
The <code>pre</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="grouping-content.html"><span class="secno">4.5.4 </span>
The <code>blockquote</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="grouping-content.html"><span class="secno">4.5.5 </span>
The <code>ol</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="grouping-content.html"><span class="secno">4.5.6 </span>
The <code>ul</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="grouping-content.html"><span class="secno">4.5.7 </span>
The <code>li</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="grouping-content.html"><span class="secno">4.5.8 </span>
The <code>dl</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="grouping-content.html"><span class="secno">4.5.9 </span>
The <code>dt</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="grouping-content.html"><span class="secno">4.5.10 </span>
The <code>dd</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="grouping-content.html"><span class="secno">4.5.11 </span>
The <code>figure</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="grouping-content.html"><span class="secno">4.5.12 </span>
The <code>figcaption</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="grouping-content.html"><span class="secno">4.5.13 </span>
The <code>div</code> element</a></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
<a href="text-level-semantics.html"><span class="secno">4.6 </span>
Text-level semantics</a>
<ol>
<li><a href="text-level-semantics.html"><span class="secno">4.6.1 </span>
The <code>a</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="text-level-semantics.html"><span class="secno">4.6.2 </span>
The <code>em</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="text-level-semantics.html"><span class="secno">4.6.3 </span>
The <code>strong</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="text-level-semantics.html"><span class="secno">4.6.4 </span>
The <code>small</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="text-level-semantics.html"><span class="secno">4.6.5 </span>
The <code>s</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="text-level-semantics.html"><span class="secno">4.6.6 </span>
The <code>cite</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="text-level-semantics.html"><span class="secno">4.6.7 </span>
The <code>q</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="text-level-semantics.html"><span class="secno">4.6.8 </span>
The <code>dfn</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="text-level-semantics.html"><span class="secno">4.6.9 </span>
The <code>abbr</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="text-level-semantics.html"><span class="secno">4.6.10 </span>
The <code>time</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="text-level-semantics.html"><span class="secno">4.6.11 </span>
The <code>code</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="text-level-semantics.html"><span class="secno">4.6.12 </span>
The <code>var</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="text-level-semantics.html"><span class="secno">4.6.13 </span>
The <code>samp</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="text-level-semantics.html"><span class="secno">4.6.14 </span>
The <code>kbd</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="text-level-semantics.html"><span class="secno">4.6.15 </span>
The <code>sub</code> and <code>sup</code> elements</a></li>
<li><a href="text-level-semantics.html"><span class="secno">4.6.16 </span>
The <code>i</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="text-level-semantics.html"><span class="secno">4.6.17 </span>
The <code>b</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="text-level-semantics.html"><span class="secno">4.6.18 </span>
The <code>mark</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="text-level-semantics.html"><span class="secno">4.6.19 </span>
The <code>ruby</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="text-level-semantics.html"><span class="secno">4.6.20 </span>
The <code>rt</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="text-level-semantics.html"><span class="secno">4.6.21 </span>
The <code>rp</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="text-level-semantics.html"><span class="secno">4.6.22 </span>
The <code>bdi</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="text-level-semantics.html"><span class="secno">4.6.23 </span>
The <code>bdo</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="text-level-semantics.html"><span class="secno">4.6.24 </span>
The <code>span</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="text-level-semantics.html"><span class="secno">4.6.25 </span>
The <code>br</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="text-level-semantics.html"><span class="secno">4.6.26 </span>
The <code>wbr</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="text-level-semantics.html"><span class="secno">4.6.27 </span>
Usage summary</a></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
<a href="edits.html"><span class="secno">4.7 </span>
Edits</a>
<ol>
<li><a href="edits.html"><span class="secno">4.7.1 </span>
The <code>ins</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="edits.html"><span class="secno">4.7.2 </span>
The <code>del</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="edits.html"><span class="secno">4.7.3 </span>
Attributes common to <code>ins</code> and <code>del</code> elements</a></li>
<li><a href="edits.html"><span class="secno">4.7.4 </span>
Edits and paragraphs</a></li>
<li><a href="edits.html"><span class="secno">4.7.5 </span>
Edits and lists</a></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
<a href="embedded-content-1.html"><span class="secno">4.8 </span>
Embedded content</a>
<ol>
<li>
<a href="embedded-content-1.html"><span class="secno">4.8.1 </span>
The <code>img</code> element</a>
<ol><li>
<a href="embedded-content-1.html"><span class="secno">4.8.1.1 </span>
Requirements for providing text to act as an alternative for images</a>
<ol>
<li><a href="embedded-content-1.html"><span class="secno">4.8.1.1.1 </span>
General guidelines</a></li>
<li><a href="embedded-content-1.html"><span class="secno">4.8.1.1.2 </span>
A link or button containing nothing but the image</a></li>
<li><a href="embedded-content-1.html"><span class="secno">4.8.1.1.3 </span>
A phrase or paragraph with an alternative graphical representation: charts, diagrams, graphs, maps, illustrations</a></li>
<li><a href="embedded-content-1.html"><span class="secno">4.8.1.1.4 </span>
A short phrase or label with an alternative graphical representation: icons, logos</a></li>
<li><a href="embedded-content-1.html"><span class="secno">4.8.1.1.5 </span>
Text that has been rendered to a graphic for typographical effect</a></li>
<li><a href="embedded-content-1.html"><span class="secno">4.8.1.1.6 </span>
A graphical representation of some of the surrounding text</a></li>
<li><a href="embedded-content-1.html"><span class="secno">4.8.1.1.7 </span>
A purely decorative image that doesn't add any information</a></li>
<li><a href="embedded-content-1.html"><span class="secno">4.8.1.1.8 </span>
A group of images that form a single larger picture with no links</a></li>
<li><a href="embedded-content-1.html"><span class="secno">4.8.1.1.9 </span>
A group of images that form a single larger picture with links</a></li>
<li><a href="embedded-content-1.html"><span class="secno">4.8.1.1.10 </span>
A key part of the content</a></li>
<li><a href="embedded-content-1.html"><span class="secno">4.8.1.1.11 </span>
An image not intended for the user</a></li>
<li><a href="embedded-content-1.html"><span class="secno">4.8.1.1.12 </span>
An image in an e-mail or private document intended for a specific person who is known to be able to view images</a></li>
</ol>
</li></ol>
</li>
<li><a href="the-iframe-element.html"><span class="secno">4.8.2 </span>
The <code>iframe</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="the-iframe-element.html"><span class="secno">4.8.3 </span>
The <code>embed</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="the-iframe-element.html"><span class="secno">4.8.4 </span>
The <code>object</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="the-iframe-element.html"><span class="secno">4.8.5 </span>
The <code>param</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="video.html"><span class="secno">4.8.6 </span>
The <code>video</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="video.html"><span class="secno">4.8.7 </span>
The <code>audio</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="video.html"><span class="secno">4.8.8 </span>
The <code>source</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="video.html"><span class="secno">4.8.9 </span>
The <code>track</code> element</a></li>
<li>
<a href="video.html"><span class="secno">4.8.10 </span>
Media elements</a>
<ol>
<li><a href="video.html"><span class="secno">4.8.10.1 </span>
Error codes</a></li>
<li><a href="video.html"><span class="secno">4.8.10.2 </span>
Location of the media resource</a></li>
<li><a href="video.html"><span class="secno">4.8.10.3 </span>
MIME types</a></li>
<li><a href="video.html"><span class="secno">4.8.10.4 </span>
Network states</a></li>
<li><a href="video.html"><span class="secno">4.8.10.5 </span>
Loading the media resource</a></li>
<li><a href="video.html"><span class="secno">4.8.10.6 </span>
Offsets into the media resource</a></li>
<li><a href="video.html"><span class="secno">4.8.10.7 </span>
The ready states</a></li>
<li><a href="video.html"><span class="secno">4.8.10.8 </span>
Playing the media resource</a></li>
<li><a href="video.html"><span class="secno">4.8.10.9 </span>
Seeking</a></li>
<li>
<a href="video.html"><span class="secno">4.8.10.10 </span>
Timed text tracks</a>
<ol>
<li><a href="video.html"><span class="secno">4.8.10.10.1 </span>
Text track model</a></li>
<li><a href="video.html"><span class="secno">4.8.10.10.2 </span>
Sourcing in-band text tracks</a></li>
<li><a href="video.html"><span class="secno">4.8.10.10.3 </span>
Text track API</a></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
<a href="video.html"><span class="secno">4.8.10.11 </span>
WebVTT</a>
<ol><li><a href="video.html"><span class="secno">4.8.10.11.1 </span>
Syntax</a></li></ol>
</li>
<li><a href="video.html"><span class="secno">4.8.10.12 </span>
User interface</a></li>
<li><a href="video.html"><span class="secno">4.8.10.13 </span>
Time ranges</a></li>
<li><a href="video.html"><span class="secno">4.8.10.14 </span>
Event summary</a></li>
<li><a href="video.html"><span class="secno">4.8.10.15 </span>
Best practices for authors using media elements</a></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
<a href="the-canvas-element.html"><span class="secno">4.8.11 </span>
The <code>canvas</code> element</a>
<ol><li>
<a href="the-canvas-element.html"><span class="secno">4.8.11.1 </span>
The 2D context</a>
<ol>
<li><a href="the-canvas-element.html"><span class="secno">4.8.11.1.1 </span>
The canvas state</a></li>
<li><a href="the-canvas-element.html"><span class="secno">4.8.11.1.2 </span>
Transformations
</a></li>
<li><a href="the-canvas-element.html"><span class="secno">4.8.11.1.3 </span>
Compositing</a></li>
<li><a href="the-canvas-element.html"><span class="secno">4.8.11.1.4 </span>
Colors and styles</a></li>
<li><a href="the-canvas-element.html"><span class="secno">4.8.11.1.5 </span>
Line styles</a></li>
<li><a href="the-canvas-element.html"><span class="secno">4.8.11.1.6 </span>
Shadows
</a></li>
<li><a href="the-canvas-element.html"><span class="secno">4.8.11.1.7 </span>
Simple shapes (rectangles)</a></li>
<li><a href="the-canvas-element.html"><span class="secno">4.8.11.1.8 </span>
Complex shapes (paths)</a></li>
<li><a href="the-canvas-element.html"><span class="secno">4.8.11.1.9 </span>
Focus management</a></li>
<li><a href="the-canvas-element.html"><span class="secno">4.8.11.1.10 </span>
Text</a></li>
<li><a href="the-canvas-element.html"><span class="secno">4.8.11.1.11 </span>
Images</a></li>
<li><a href="the-canvas-element.html"><span class="secno">4.8.11.1.12 </span>
Pixel manipulation
</a></li>
<li><a href="the-canvas-element.html"><span class="secno">4.8.11.1.13 </span>
Examples</a></li>
</ol>
</li></ol>
</li>
<li><a href="the-map-element.html"><span class="secno">4.8.12 </span>
The <code>map</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="the-map-element.html"><span class="secno">4.8.13 </span>
The <code>area</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="the-map-element.html"><span class="secno">4.8.14 </span>
Image maps</a></li>
<li><a href="the-map-element.html"><span class="secno">4.8.15 </span>
MathML</a></li>
<li><a href="the-map-element.html"><span class="secno">4.8.16 </span>
SVG</a></li>
<li><a href="the-map-element.html"><span class="secno">4.8.17 </span>
Dimension attributes
</a></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
<a href="tabular-data.html"><span class="secno">4.9 </span>
Tabular data</a>
<ol>
<li><a href="tabular-data.html"><span class="secno">4.9.1 </span>
The <code>table</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="tabular-data.html"><span class="secno">4.9.2 </span>
The <code>caption</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="tabular-data.html"><span class="secno">4.9.3 </span>
The <code>colgroup</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="tabular-data.html"><span class="secno">4.9.4 </span>
The <code>col</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="tabular-data.html"><span class="secno">4.9.5 </span>
The <code>tbody</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="tabular-data.html"><span class="secno">4.9.6 </span>
The <code>thead</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="tabular-data.html"><span class="secno">4.9.7 </span>
The <code>tfoot</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="tabular-data.html"><span class="secno">4.9.8 </span>
The <code>tr</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="tabular-data.html"><span class="secno">4.9.9 </span>
The <code>td</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="tabular-data.html"><span class="secno">4.9.10 </span>
The <code>th</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="tabular-data.html"><span class="secno">4.9.11 </span>
Attributes common to <code>td</code> and <code>th</code> elements</a></li>
<li><a href="tabular-data.html"><span class="secno">4.9.12 </span>
Examples</a></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
<a href="forms.html"><span class="secno">4.10 </span>
Forms</a>
<ol>
<li>
<a href="forms.html"><span class="secno">4.10.1 </span>
Introduction</a>
<ol>
<li><a href="forms.html"><span class="secno">4.10.1.1 </span>
Writing a form's user interface</a></li>
<li><a href="forms.html"><span class="secno">4.10.1.2 </span>
Implementing the server-side processing for a form</a></li>
<li><a href="forms.html"><span class="secno">4.10.1.3 </span>
Configuring a form to communicate with a server</a></li>
<li><a href="forms.html"><span class="secno">4.10.1.4 </span>
Client-side form validation</a></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><a href="forms.html"><span class="secno">4.10.2 </span>
Categories</a></li>
<li><a href="forms.html"><span class="secno">4.10.3 </span>
The <code>form</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="forms.html"><span class="secno">4.10.4 </span>
The <code>fieldset</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="forms.html"><span class="secno">4.10.5 </span>
The <code>legend</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="forms.html"><span class="secno">4.10.6 </span>
The <code>label</code> element</a></li>
<li>
<a href="the-input-element.html"><span class="secno">4.10.7 </span>
The <code>input</code> element</a>
<ol>
<li>
<a href="states-of-the-type-attribute.html"><span class="secno">4.10.7.1 </span>
States of the <code title="attr-input-type">type</code> attribute</a>
<ol>
<li><a href="states-of-the-type-attribute.html"><span class="secno">4.10.7.1.1 </span>
Hidden state</a></li>
<li><a href="states-of-the-type-attribute.html"><span class="secno">4.10.7.1.2 </span>
Text state and Search state</a></li>
<li><a href="states-of-the-type-attribute.html"><span class="secno">4.10.7.1.3 </span>
Telephone state</a></li>
<li><a href="states-of-the-type-attribute.html"><span class="secno">4.10.7.1.4 </span>
URL state</a></li>
<li><a href="states-of-the-type-attribute.html"><span class="secno">4.10.7.1.5 </span>
E-mail state</a></li>
<li><a href="states-of-the-type-attribute.html"><span class="secno">4.10.7.1.6 </span>
Password state</a></li>
<li><a href="states-of-the-type-attribute.html"><span class="secno">4.10.7.1.7 </span>
Date and Time state</a></li>
<li><a href="states-of-the-type-attribute.html"><span class="secno">4.10.7.1.8 </span>
Date state</a></li>
<li><a href="states-of-the-type-attribute.html"><span class="secno">4.10.7.1.9 </span>
Month state</a></li>
<li><a href="states-of-the-type-attribute.html"><span class="secno">4.10.7.1.10 </span>
Week state</a></li>
<li><a href="states-of-the-type-attribute.html"><span class="secno">4.10.7.1.11 </span>
Time state</a></li>
<li><a href="states-of-the-type-attribute.html"><span class="secno">4.10.7.1.12 </span>
Local Date and Time state</a></li>
<li><a href="number-state.html"><span class="secno">4.10.7.1.13 </span>
Number state</a></li>
<li><a href="number-state.html"><span class="secno">4.10.7.1.14 </span>
Range state</a></li>
<li><a href="number-state.html"><span class="secno">4.10.7.1.15 </span>
Color state</a></li>
<li><a href="number-state.html"><span class="secno">4.10.7.1.16 </span>
Checkbox state</a></li>
<li><a href="number-state.html"><span class="secno">4.10.7.1.17 </span>
Radio Button state</a></li>
<li><a href="number-state.html"><span class="secno">4.10.7.1.18 </span>
File Upload state</a></li>
<li><a href="number-state.html"><span class="secno">4.10.7.1.19 </span>
Submit Button state</a></li>
<li><a href="number-state.html"><span class="secno">4.10.7.1.20 </span>
Image Button state</a></li>
<li><a href="number-state.html"><span class="secno">4.10.7.1.21 </span>
Reset Button state</a></li>
<li><a href="number-state.html"><span class="secno">4.10.7.1.22 </span>
Button state</a></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
<a href="common-input-element-attributes.html"><span class="secno">4.10.7.2 </span>
Common <code>input</code> element attributes</a>
<ol>
<li><a href="common-input-element-attributes.html"><span class="secno">4.10.7.2.1 </span>
The <code title="attr-input-autocomplete">autocomplete</code> attribute</a></li>
<li><a href="common-input-element-attributes.html"><span class="secno">4.10.7.2.2 </span>
The <code title="attr-input-dirname">dirname</code> attribute</a></li>
<li><a href="common-input-element-attributes.html"><span class="secno">4.10.7.2.3 </span>
The <code title="attr-input-list">list</code> attribute</a></li>
<li><a href="common-input-element-attributes.html"><span class="secno">4.10.7.2.4 </span>
The <code title="attr-input-readonly">readonly</code> attribute</a></li>
<li><a href="common-input-element-attributes.html"><span class="secno">4.10.7.2.5 </span>
The <code title="attr-input-size">size</code> attribute</a></li>
<li><a href="common-input-element-attributes.html"><span class="secno">4.10.7.2.6 </span>
The <code title="attr-input-required">required</code> attribute</a></li>
<li><a href="common-input-element-attributes.html"><span class="secno">4.10.7.2.7 </span>
The <code title="attr-input-multiple">multiple</code> attribute</a></li>
<li><a href="common-input-element-attributes.html"><span class="secno">4.10.7.2.8 </span>
The <code title="attr-input-maxlength">maxlength</code> attribute</a></li>
<li><a href="common-input-element-attributes.html"><span class="secno">4.10.7.2.9 </span>
The <code title="attr-input-pattern">pattern</code> attribute</a></li>
<li><a href="common-input-element-attributes.html"><span class="secno">4.10.7.2.10 </span>
The <code title="attr-input-min">min</code> and <code title="attr-input-max">max</code> attributes</a></li>
<li><a href="common-input-element-attributes.html"><span class="secno">4.10.7.2.11 </span>
The <code title="attr-input-step">step</code> attribute</a></li>
<li><a href="common-input-element-attributes.html"><span class="secno">4.10.7.2.12 </span>
The <code title="attr-input-placeholder">placeholder</code> attribute</a></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><a href="common-input-element-attributes.html"><span class="secno">4.10.7.3 </span>
Common <code>input</code> element APIs</a></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><a href="the-button-element.html"><span class="secno">4.10.8 </span>
The <code>button</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="the-button-element.html"><span class="secno">4.10.9 </span>
The <code>select</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="the-button-element.html"><span class="secno">4.10.10 </span>
The <code>datalist</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="the-button-element.html"><span class="secno">4.10.11 </span>
The <code>optgroup</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="the-button-element.html"><span class="secno">4.10.12 </span>
The <code>option</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="the-button-element.html"><span class="secno">4.10.13 </span>
The <code>textarea</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="the-button-element.html"><span class="secno">4.10.14 </span>
The <code>keygen</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="the-button-element.html"><span class="secno">4.10.15 </span>
The <code>output</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="the-button-element.html"><span class="secno">4.10.16 </span>
The <code>progress</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="the-button-element.html"><span class="secno">4.10.17 </span>
The <code>meter</code> element</a></li>
<li><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html"><span class="secno">4.10.18 </span>
Association of controls and forms</a></li>
<li>
<a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html"><span class="secno">4.10.19 </span>
Attributes common to form controls
</a>
<ol>
<li><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html"><span class="secno">4.10.19.1 </span>
Naming form controls</a></li>
<li><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html"><span class="secno">4.10.19.2 </span>
Enabling and disabling form controls</a></li>
<li><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html"><span class="secno">4.10.19.3 </span>
Autofocusing a form control</a></li>
<li><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html"><span class="secno">4.10.19.4 </span>
Limiting user input length</a></li>
<li><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html"><span class="secno">4.10.19.5 </span>
Form submission</a></li>
<li><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html"><span class="secno">4.10.19.6 </span>
Submitting element directionality</a></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><a href="association-of-controls-and-forms.html"><span class="secno">4.10.20 </span>
APIs for the text field selections</a></li>
<li>