periodic_table.py

# This file is licensed under the BSD 3-Clause License.
#
# Copyright (c) 2018, Jan Wollschläger
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class PeriodicTable(object):

    def __init__(self):
        self.elements = {}
        for elt in _ELEMENTS:
            self.elements[elt.symbol] = elt


class Element(object):

    def __init__(self, z, symbol, name, **entries):
        self.__dict__.update(entries)
        self.z = z
        self.symbol = symbol
        self.name = name

class Isotope(object):

    def __init__(self, mass, prob, num_neutrons):
        self.mass = mass
        self.prob = prob
        self.num_neutrons = num_neutrons


_ELEMENTS = [
    Element(
        1, 'H', 'Hydrogen',
        mass=1.00794,
        isotopes={1: Isotope(1.0078250321, 0.999885, 1),
                  2: Isotope(2.014101778, 0.000115, 2)}),
    Element(
        1, 'D', 'Deuterium',
        mass = 2.014101778,
        isotopes={2: Isotope(2.014101778, 0.000115, 2)}),
    Element(
        2, 'He', 'Helium',
        mass=4.002602,
        isotopes={3: Isotope(3.0160293097, 1.37e-06, 3),
                  4: Isotope(4.0026032497, 0.99999863, 4)}),
    Element(
        3, 'Li', 'Lithium',
        mass=6.941,
        isotopes={6: Isotope(6.0151223, 0.0759, 6),
                  7: Isotope(7.016004, 0.9241, 7)}),
    Element(
        4, 'Be', 'Beryllium',
        mass=9.012182,
        isotopes={9: Isotope(9.0121821, 1.0, 9)}),
    Element(
        5, 'B', 'Boron',
        mass=10.811,
        isotopes={10: Isotope(10.012937, 0.199, 10),
                  11: Isotope(11.0093055, 0.801, 11)}),
    Element(
        6, 'C', 'Carbon',
        mass=12.0107,
        isotopes={12: Isotope(12.0, 0.9893, 12),
                  13: Isotope(13.0033548378, 0.0107, 13)}),
    Element(
        7, 'N', 'Nitrogen',
        mass=14.0067,
        isotopes={14: Isotope(14.0030740052, 0.99632, 14),
                  15: Isotope(15.0001088984, 0.00368, 15)}),
    Element(
        8, 'O', 'Oxygen',
        mass=15.9994,
        isotopes={16: Isotope(15.9949146221, 0.99757, 16),
                  17: Isotope(16.9991315, 0.00038, 17),
                  18: Isotope(17.9991604, 0.00205, 18)}),
    Element(
        9, 'F', 'Fluorine',
        mass=18.9984032,
        isotopes={19: Isotope(18.9984032, 1.0, 19)}),
    Element(
        10, 'Ne', 'Neon',
        mass=20.1797,
        isotopes={20: Isotope(19.9924401759, 0.9048, 20),
                  21: Isotope(20.99384674, 0.0027, 21),
                  22: Isotope(21.99138551, 0.0925, 22)}),
    Element(
        11, 'Na', 'Sodium',
        mass=22.98977,
        isotopes={23: Isotope(22.98976967, 1.0, 23)}),
    Element(
        12, 'Mg', 'Magnesium',
        mass=24.305,
        isotopes={24: Isotope(23.9850419, 0.7899, 24),
                  25: Isotope(24.98583702, 0.1, 25),
                  26: Isotope(25.98259304, 0.1101, 26)}),
    Element(
        13, 'Al', 'Aluminium',
        mass=26.981538,
        isotopes={27: Isotope(26.98153844, 1.0, 27)}),
    Element(
        14, 'Si', 'Silicon',
        mass=28.0855,
        isotopes={28: Isotope(27.9769265327, 0.922297, 28),
                  29: Isotope(28.97649472, 0.046832, 29),
                  30: Isotope(29.97377022, 0.030871, 30)}),
    Element(
        15, 'P', 'Phosphorus',
        mass=30.973761,
        isotopes={31: Isotope(30.97376151, 1.0, 31)}),
    Element(
        16, 'S', 'Sulfur',
        mass=32.065,
        isotopes={32: Isotope(31.97207069, 0.9493, 32),
                  33: Isotope(32.9714585, 0.0076, 33),
                  34: Isotope(33.96786683, 0.0429, 34),
                  36: Isotope(35.96708088, 0.0002, 36)}),
    Element(
        17, 'Cl', 'Chlorine',
        mass=35.453,
        isotopes={35: Isotope(34.96885271, 0.7578, 35),
                  37: Isotope(36.9659026, 0.2422, 37)}),
    Element(
        18, 'Ar', 'Argon',
        mass=39.948,
        isotopes={36: Isotope(35.96754628, 0.003365, 36),
                  38: Isotope(37.9627322, 0.000632, 38),
                  40: Isotope(39.962383123, 0.996003, 40)}),
    Element(
        19, 'K', 'Potassium',
        mass=39.0983,
        isotopes={39: Isotope(38.9637069, 0.932581, 39),
                  40: Isotope(39.96399867, 0.000117, 40),
                  41: Isotope(40.96182597, 0.067302, 41)}),
    Element(
        20, 'Ca', 'Calcium',
        mass=40.078,
        isotopes={40: Isotope(39.9625912, 0.96941, 40),
                  42: Isotope(41.9586183, 0.00647, 42),
                  43: Isotope(42.9587668, 0.00135, 43),
                  44: Isotope(43.9554811, 0.02086, 44),
                  46: Isotope(45.9536928, 4e-05, 46),
                  48: Isotope(47.952534, 0.00187, 48)}),
    Element(
        21, 'Sc', 'Scandium',
        mass=44.95591,
        isotopes={45: Isotope(44.9559102, 1.0, 45)}),
    Element(
        22, 'Ti', 'Titanium',
        mass=47.867,
        isotopes={46: Isotope(45.9526295, 0.0825, 46),
                  47: Isotope(46.9517638, 0.0744, 47),
                  48: Isotope(47.9479471, 0.7372, 48),
                  49: Isotope(48.9478708, 0.0541, 49),
                  50: Isotope(49.9447921, 0.0518, 50)}),
    Element(
        23, 'V', 'Vanadium',
        mass=50.9415,
        isotopes={50: Isotope(49.9471628, 0.0025, 50),
                  51: Isotope(50.9439637, 0.9975, 51)}),
    Element(
        24, 'Cr', 'Chromium',
        mass=51.9961,
        isotopes={50: Isotope(49.9460496, 0.04345, 50),
                  52: Isotope(51.9405119, 0.83789, 52),
                  53: Isotope(52.9406538, 0.09501, 53),
                  54: Isotope(53.9388849, 0.02365, 54)}),
    Element(
        25, 'Mn', 'Manganese',
        mass=54.938049,
        isotopes={55: Isotope(54.9380496, 1.0, 55)}),
    Element(
        26, 'Fe', 'Iron',
        mass=55.845,
        isotopes={54: Isotope(53.9396148, 0.05845, 54),
                  56: Isotope(55.9349421, 0.91754, 56),
                  57: Isotope(56.9353987, 0.02119, 57),
                  58: Isotope(57.9332805, 0.00282, 58)}),
    Element(
        27, 'Co', 'Cobalt',
        mass=58.9332,
        isotopes={59: Isotope(58.9332002, 1.0, 59)}),
    Element(
        28, 'Ni', 'Nickel',
        mass=58.6934,
        isotopes={58: Isotope(57.9353479, 0.680769, 58),
                  60: Isotope(59.9307906, 0.262231, 60),
                  61: Isotope(60.9310604, 0.011399, 61),
                  62: Isotope(61.9283488, 0.036345, 62),
                  64: Isotope(63.9279696, 0.009256, 64)}),
    Element(
        29, 'Cu', 'Copper',
        mass=63.546,
        isotopes={63: Isotope(62.9296011, 0.6917, 63),
                  65: Isotope(64.9277937, 0.3083, 65)}),
    Element(
        30, 'Zn', 'Zinc',
        mass=65.409,
        isotopes={64: Isotope(63.9291466, 0.4863, 64),
                  66: Isotope(65.9260368, 0.279, 66),
                  67: Isotope(66.9271309, 0.041, 67),
                  68: Isotope(67.9248476, 0.1875, 68),
                  70: Isotope(69.925325, 0.0062, 70)}),
    Element(
        31, 'Ga', 'Gallium',
        group=13, period=4, block='p', series=7,
        mass=69.723, eleneg=1.81, eleaffin=0.41,
        covrad=1.26, atmrad=1.81, vdwrad=1.87,
        tboil=2478.0, tmelt=302.92, density=5.91,
        eleconfig='[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p',
        oxistates='3*',
        ionenergy=(5.9993, 20.51, 30.71, 64.0, ),
        isotopes={69: Isotope(68.925581, 0.60108, 69),
                  71: Isotope(70.924705, 0.39892, 71)}),
    Element(
        32, 'Ge', 'Germanium',
        group=14, period=4, block='p', series=5,
        mass=72.64, eleneg=2.01, eleaffin=1.232712,
        covrad=1.22, atmrad=1.52, vdwrad=0.0,
        tboil=3107.0, tmelt=1211.5, density=5.32,
        eleconfig='[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2',
        oxistates='4*',
        ionenergy=(7.8994, 15.934, 34.22, 45.71, 93.5, ),
        isotopes={70: Isotope(69.9242504, 0.2084, 70),
                  72: Isotope(71.9220762, 0.2754, 72),
                  73: Isotope(72.9234594, 0.0773, 73),
                  74: Isotope(73.9211782, 0.3628, 74),
                  76: Isotope(75.9214027, 0.0761, 76)}),
    Element(
        33, 'As', 'Arsenic',
        group=15, period=4, block='p', series=5,
        mass=74.9216, eleneg=2.18, eleaffin=0.814,
        covrad=1.2, atmrad=1.33, vdwrad=1.85,
        tboil=876.0, tmelt=1090.0, density=5.72,
        eleconfig='[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p3',
        oxistates='5, 3*, -3',
        ionenergy=(9.7886, 18.633, 28.351, 50.13, 62.63,
                   127.6, ),
        isotopes={75: Isotope(74.9215964, 1.0, 75)}),
    Element(
        34, 'Se', 'Selenium',
        group=16, period=4, block='p', series=1,
        mass=78.96, eleneg=2.55, eleaffin=2.02067,
        covrad=1.16, atmrad=1.22, vdwrad=1.9,
        tboil=958.0, tmelt=494.0, density=4.82,
        eleconfig='[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p4',
        oxistates='6, 4*, -2',
        ionenergy=(9.7524, 21.9, 30.82, 42.944, 68.3,
                   81.7, 155.4, ),
        isotopes={74: Isotope(73.9224766, 0.0089, 74),
                  76: Isotope(75.9192141, 0.0937, 76),
                  77: Isotope(76.9199146, 0.0763, 77),
                  78: Isotope(77.9173095, 0.2377, 78),
                  80: Isotope(79.9165218, 0.4961, 80),
                  82: Isotope(81.9167, 0.0873, 82)}),
    Element(
        35, 'Br', 'Bromine',
        group=17, period=4, block='p', series=6,
        mass=79.904, eleneg=2.96, eleaffin=3.363588,
        covrad=1.14, atmrad=1.12, vdwrad=1.85,
        tboil=331.85, tmelt=265.95, density=3.14,
        eleconfig='[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p5',
        oxistates='7, 5, 3, 1, -1*',
        ionenergy=(11.8138, 21.8, 36.0, 47.3, 59.7,
                   88.6, 103.0, 192.8, ),
        isotopes={79: Isotope(78.9183376, 0.5069, 79),
                  81: Isotope(80.916291, 0.4931, 81)}),
    Element(
        36, 'Kr', 'Krypton',
        group=18, period=4, block='p', series=2,
        mass=83.798, eleneg=0.0, eleaffin=0.0,
        covrad=1.12, atmrad=1.03, vdwrad=2.02,
        tboil=120.85, tmelt=116.0, density=4.48,
        eleconfig='[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p6',
        oxistates='2*',
        ionenergy=(13.9996, 24.359, 36.95, 52.5, 64.7,
                   78.5, 110.0, 126.0, 230.39, ),
        isotopes={78: Isotope(77.920386, 0.0035, 78),
                  80: Isotope(79.916378, 0.0228, 80),
                  82: Isotope(81.9134846, 0.1158, 82),
                  83: Isotope(82.914136, 0.1149, 83),
                  84: Isotope(83.911507, 0.57, 84),
                  86: Isotope(85.9106103, 0.173, 86)}),
    Element(
        37, 'Rb', 'Rubidium',
        group=1, period=5, block='s', series=3,
        mass=85.4678, eleneg=0.82, eleaffin=0.485916,
        covrad=2.16, atmrad=2.98, vdwrad=0.0,
        tboil=961.0, tmelt=312.63, density=1.53,
        eleconfig='[Kr] 5s',
        oxistates='1*',
        ionenergy=(4.1771, 27.28, 40.0, 52.6, 71.0,
                   84.4, 99.2, 136.0, 150.0, 277.1, ),
        isotopes={85: Isotope(84.9117893, 0.7217, 85),
                  87: Isotope(86.9091835, 0.2783, 87)}),
    Element(
        38, 'Sr', 'Strontium',
        group=2, period=5, block='s', series=4,
        mass=87.62, eleneg=0.95, eleaffin=0.05206,
        covrad=1.91, atmrad=2.45, vdwrad=0.0,
        tboil=1655.0, tmelt=1042.0, density=2.63,
        eleconfig='[Kr] 5s2',
        oxistates='2*',
        ionenergy=(5.6949, 11.03, 43.6, 57.0, 71.6,
                   90.8, 106.0, 122.3, 162.0, 177.0,
                   324.1, ),
        isotopes={84: Isotope(83.913425, 0.0056, 84),
                  86: Isotope(85.9092624, 0.0986, 86),
                  87: Isotope(86.9088793, 0.07, 87),
                  88: Isotope(87.9056143, 0.8258, 88)}),
    Element(
        39, 'Y', 'Yttrium',
        group=3, period=5, block='d', series=8,
        mass=88.90585, eleneg=1.22, eleaffin=0.307,
        covrad=1.62, atmrad=2.27, vdwrad=0.0,
        tboil=3611.0, tmelt=1795.0, density=4.47,
        eleconfig='[Kr] 4d 5s2',
        oxistates='3*',
        ionenergy=(6.2173, 12.24, 20.52, 61.8, 77.0,
                   93.0, 116.0, 129.0, 146.52, 191.0,
                   206.0, 374.0, ),
        isotopes={89: Isotope(88.9058479, 1.0, 89)}),
    Element(
        40, 'Zr', 'Zirconium',
        group=4, period=5, block='d', series=8,
        mass=91.224, eleneg=1.33, eleaffin=0.426,
        covrad=1.45, atmrad=2.16, vdwrad=0.0,
        tboil=4682.0, tmelt=2128.0, density=6.51,
        eleconfig='[Kr] 4d2 5s2',
        oxistates='4*',
        ionenergy=(6.6339, 13.13, 22.99, 34.34, 81.5, ),
        isotopes={90: Isotope(89.9047037, 0.5145, 90),
                  91: Isotope(90.905645, 0.1122, 91),
                  92: Isotope(91.9050401, 0.1715, 92),
                  94: Isotope(93.9063158, 0.1738, 94),
                  96: Isotope(95.908276, 0.028, 96)}),
    Element(
        41, 'Nb', 'Niobium',
        group=5, period=5, block='d', series=8,
        mass=92.90638, eleneg=1.6, eleaffin=0.893,
        covrad=1.34, atmrad=2.08, vdwrad=0.0,
        tboil=5015.0, tmelt=2742.0, density=8.58,
        eleconfig='[Kr] 4d4 5s',
        oxistates='5*, 3',
        ionenergy=(6.7589, 14.32, 25.04, 38.3, 50.55,
                   102.6, 125.0, ),
        isotopes={93: Isotope(92.9063775, 1.0, 93)}),
    Element(
        42, 'Mo', 'Molybdenum',
        group=6, period=5, block='d', series=8,
        mass=95.94, eleneg=2.16, eleaffin=0.7472,
        covrad=1.3, atmrad=2.01, vdwrad=0.0,
        tboil=4912.0, tmelt=2896.0, density=10.28,
        eleconfig='[Kr] 4d5 5s',
        oxistates='6*, 5, 4, 3, 2, 0',
        ionenergy=(7.0924, 16.15, 27.16, 46.4, 61.2,
                   68.0, 126.8, 153.0, ),
        isotopes={92: Isotope(91.90681, 0.1484, 92),
                  94: Isotope(93.9050876, 0.0925, 94),
                  95: Isotope(94.9058415, 0.1592, 95),
                  96: Isotope(95.9046789, 0.1668, 96),
                  97: Isotope(96.906021, 0.0955, 97),
                  98: Isotope(97.9054078, 0.2413, 98),
                  100: Isotope(99.907477, 0.0963, 100)}),
    Element(
        43, 'Tc', 'Technetium',
        group=7, period=5, block='d', series=8,
        mass=97.907216, eleneg=1.9, eleaffin=0.55,
        covrad=1.27, atmrad=1.95, vdwrad=0.0,
        tboil=4538.0, tmelt=2477.0, density=11.49,
        eleconfig='[Kr] 4d5 5s2',
        oxistates='7*',
        ionenergy=(7.28, 15.26, 29.54, ),
        isotopes={98: Isotope(97.907216, 1.0, 98)}),
    Element(
        44, 'Ru', 'Ruthenium',
        group=8, period=5, block='d', series=8,
        mass=101.07, eleneg=2.2, eleaffin=1.04638,
        covrad=1.25, atmrad=1.89, vdwrad=0.0,
        tboil=4425.0, tmelt=2610.0, density=12.45,
        eleconfig='[Kr] 4d7 5s',
        oxistates='8, 6, 4*, 3*, 2, 0, -2',
        ionenergy=(7.3605, 16.76, 28.47, ),
        isotopes={96: Isotope(95.907598, 0.0554, 96),
                  98: Isotope(97.905287, 0.0187, 98),
                  99: Isotope(98.9059393, 0.1276, 99),
                  100: Isotope(99.9042197, 0.126, 100),
                  101: Isotope(100.9055822, 0.1706, 101),
                  102: Isotope(101.9043495, 0.3155, 102),
                  104: Isotope(103.90543, 0.1862, 104)}),
    Element(
        45, 'Rh', 'Rhodium',
        group=9, period=5, block='d', series=8,
        mass=102.9055, eleneg=2.28, eleaffin=1.14289,
        covrad=1.25, atmrad=1.83, vdwrad=0.0,
        tboil=3970.0, tmelt=2236.0, density=12.41,
        eleconfig='[Kr] 4d8 5s',
        oxistates='5, 4, 3*, 1*, 2, 0',
        ionenergy=(7.4589, 18.08, 31.06, ),
        isotopes={103: Isotope(102.905504, 1.0, 103)}),
    Element(
        46, 'Pd', 'Palladium',
        group=10, period=5, block='d', series=8,
        mass=106.42, eleneg=2.2, eleaffin=0.56214,
        covrad=1.28, atmrad=1.79, vdwrad=1.63,
        tboil=3240.0, tmelt=1825.0, density=12.02,
        eleconfig='[Kr] 4d10',
        oxistates='4, 2*, 0',
        ionenergy=(8.3369, 19.43, 32.93, ),
        isotopes={102: Isotope(101.905608, 0.0102, 102),
                  104: Isotope(103.904035, 0.1114, 104),
                  105: Isotope(104.905084, 0.2233, 105),
                  106: Isotope(105.903483, 0.2733, 106),
                  108: Isotope(107.903894, 0.2646, 108),
                  110: Isotope(109.905152, 0.1172, 110)}),
    Element(
        47, 'Ag', 'Silver',
        group=11, period=5, block='d', series=8,
        mass=107.8682, eleneg=1.93, eleaffin=1.30447,
        covrad=1.34, atmrad=1.75, vdwrad=1.72,
        tboil=2436.0, tmelt=1235.1, density=10.49,
        eleconfig='[Kr] 4d10 5s',
        oxistates='2, 1*',
        ionenergy=(7.5762, 21.49, 34.83, ),
        isotopes={107: Isotope(106.905093, 0.51839, 107),
                  109: Isotope(108.904756, 0.48161, 109)}),
    Element(
        48, 'Cd', 'Cadmium',
        group=12, period=5, block='d', series=8,
        mass=112.411, eleneg=1.69, eleaffin=0.0,
        covrad=1.48, atmrad=1.71, vdwrad=1.58,
        tboil=1040.0, tmelt=594.26, density=8.64,
        eleconfig='[Kr] 4d10 5s2',
        oxistates='2*',
        ionenergy=(8.9938, 16.908, 37.48, ),
        isotopes={106: Isotope(105.906458, 0.0125, 106),
                  108: Isotope(107.904183, 0.0089, 108),
                  110: Isotope(109.903006, 0.1249, 110),
                  111: Isotope(110.904182, 0.128, 111),
                  112: Isotope(111.9027572, 0.2413, 112),
                  113: Isotope(112.9044009, 0.1222, 113),
                  114: Isotope(113.9033581, 0.2873, 114),
                  116: Isotope(115.904755, 0.0749, 116)}),
    Element(
        49, 'In', 'Indium',
        group=13, period=5, block='p', series=7,
        mass=114.818, eleneg=1.78, eleaffin=0.404,
        covrad=1.44, atmrad=2.0, vdwrad=1.93,
        tboil=2350.0, tmelt=429.78, density=7.31,
        eleconfig='[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p',
        oxistates='3*',
        ionenergy=(5.7864, 18.869, 28.03, 28.03, ),
        isotopes={113: Isotope(112.904061, 0.0429, 113),
                  115: Isotope(114.903878, 0.9571, 115)}),
    Element(
        50, 'Sn', 'Tin',
        group=14, period=5, block='p', series=7,
        mass=118.71, eleneg=1.96, eleaffin=1.112066,
        covrad=1.41, atmrad=1.72, vdwrad=2.17,
        tboil=2876.0, tmelt=505.12, density=7.29,
        eleconfig='[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2',
        oxistates='4*, 2*',
        ionenergy=(7.3439, 14.632, 30.502, 40.734, 72.28, ),
        isotopes={112: Isotope(111.904821, 0.0097, 112),
                  114: Isotope(113.902782, 0.0066, 114),
                  115: Isotope(114.903346, 0.0034, 115),
                  116: Isotope(115.901744, 0.1454, 116),
                  117: Isotope(116.902954, 0.0768, 117),
                  118: Isotope(117.901606, 0.2422, 118),
                  119: Isotope(118.903309, 0.0859, 119),
                  120: Isotope(119.9021966, 0.3258, 120),
                  122: Isotope(121.9034401, 0.0463, 122),
                  124: Isotope(123.9052746, 0.0579, 124)}),
    Element(
        51, 'Sb', 'Antimony',
        group=15, period=5, block='p', series=5,
        mass=121.76, eleneg=2.05, eleaffin=1.047401,
        covrad=1.4, atmrad=1.53, vdwrad=0.0,
        tboil=1860.0, tmelt=903.91, density=6.69,
        eleconfig='[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p3',
        oxistates='5, 3*, -3',
        ionenergy=(8.6084, 16.53, 25.3, 44.2, 56.0,
                   108.0, ),
        isotopes={121: Isotope(120.903818, 0.5721, 121),
                  123: Isotope(122.9042157, 0.4279, 123)}),
    Element(
        52, 'Te', 'Tellurium',
        group=16, period=5, block='p', series=5,
        mass=127.6, eleneg=2.1, eleaffin=1.970875,
        covrad=1.36, atmrad=1.42, vdwrad=2.06,
        tboil=1261.0, tmelt=722.72, density=6.25,
        eleconfig='[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p4',
        oxistates='6, 4*, -2',
        ionenergy=(9.0096, 18.6, 27.96, 37.41, 58.75,
                   70.7, 137.0, ),
        isotopes={120: Isotope(119.90402, 0.0009, 120),
                  122: Isotope(121.9030471, 0.0255, 122),
                  123: Isotope(122.904273, 0.0089, 123),
                  124: Isotope(123.9028195, 0.0474, 124),
                  125: Isotope(124.9044247, 0.0707, 125),
                  126: Isotope(125.9033055, 0.1884, 126),
                  128: Isotope(127.9044614, 0.3174, 128),
                  130: Isotope(129.9062228, 0.3408, 130)}),
    Element(
        53, 'I', 'Iodine',
        group=17, period=5, block='p', series=6,
        mass=126.90447, eleneg=2.66, eleaffin=3.059038,
        covrad=1.33, atmrad=1.32, vdwrad=1.98,
        tboil=457.5, tmelt=386.7, density=4.94,
        eleconfig='[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p5',
        oxistates='7, 5, 1, -1*',
        ionenergy=(10.4513, 19.131, 33.0, ),
        isotopes={127: Isotope(126.904468, 1.0, 127)}),
    Element(
        54, 'Xe', 'Xenon',
        group=18, period=5, block='p', series=2,
        mass=131.293, eleneg=0.0, eleaffin=0.0,
        covrad=1.31, atmrad=1.24, vdwrad=2.16,
        tboil=165.1, tmelt=161.39, density=4.49,
        eleconfig='[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p6',
        oxistates='2, 4, 6',
        ionenergy=(12.1298, 21.21, 32.1, ),
        isotopes={124: Isotope(123.9058958, 0.0009, 124),
                  126: Isotope(125.904269, 0.0009, 126),
                  128: Isotope(127.9035304, 0.0192, 128),
                  129: Isotope(128.9047795, 0.2644, 129),
                  130: Isotope(129.9035079, 0.0408, 130),
                  131: Isotope(130.9050819, 0.2118, 131),
                  132: Isotope(131.9041545, 0.2689, 132),
                  134: Isotope(133.9053945, 0.1044, 134),
                  136: Isotope(135.90722, 0.0887, 136)}),
    Element(
        55, 'Cs', 'Caesium',
        mass=132.90545,
        isotopes={133: Isotope(132.905447, 1.0, 133)}),
    Element(
        56, 'Ba', 'Barium',
        mass=137.327,
        isotopes={130: Isotope(129.90631, 0.00106, 130),
                  132: Isotope(131.905056, 0.00101, 132),
                  134: Isotope(133.904503, 0.02417, 134),
                  135: Isotope(134.905683, 0.06592, 135),
                  136: Isotope(135.90457, 0.07854, 136),
                  137: Isotope(136.905821, 0.11232, 137),
                  138: Isotope(137.905241, 0.71698, 138)}),
    Element(
        57, 'La', 'Lanthanum',
        mass=138.9055,
        isotopes={138: Isotope(137.907107, 0.0009, 138),
                  139: Isotope(138.906348, 0.9991, 139)}),
    Element(
        58, 'Ce', 'Cerium',
        mass=140.116,
        isotopes={136: Isotope(135.90714, 0.00185, 136),
                  138: Isotope(137.905986, 0.00251, 138),
                  140: Isotope(139.905434, 0.8845, 140),
                  142: Isotope(141.90924, 0.11114, 142)}),
    Element(
        59, 'Pr', 'Praseodymium',
        mass=140.90765,
        isotopes={141: Isotope(140.907648, 1.0, 141)}),
    Element(
        60, 'Nd', 'Neodymium',
        mass=144.24,
        isotopes={142: Isotope(141.907719, 0.272, 142),
                  143: Isotope(142.90981, 0.122, 143),
                  144: Isotope(143.910083, 0.238, 144),
                  145: Isotope(144.912569, 0.083, 145),
                  146: Isotope(145.913112, 0.172, 146),
                  148: Isotope(147.916889, 0.057, 148),
                  150: Isotope(149.920887, 0.056, 150)}),
    Element(
        61, 'Pm', 'Promethium',
        mass=144.912744,
        isotopes={145: Isotope(144.912744, 1.0, 145)}),
    Element(
        62, 'Sm', 'Samarium',
        mass=150.36,
        isotopes={144: Isotope(143.911995, 0.0307, 144),
                  147: Isotope(146.914893, 0.1499, 147),
                  148: Isotope(147.914818, 0.1124, 148),
                  149: Isotope(148.91718, 0.1382, 149),
                  150: Isotope(149.917271, 0.0738, 150),
                  152: Isotope(151.919728, 0.2675, 152),
                  154: Isotope(153.922205, 0.2275, 154)}),
    Element(
        63, 'Eu', 'Europium',
        mass=151.964,
        isotopes={151: Isotope(150.919846, 0.4781, 151),
                  153: Isotope(152.921226, 0.5219, 153)}),
    Element(
        64, 'Gd', 'Gadolinium',
        mass=157.25,
        isotopes={152: Isotope(151.919788, 0.002, 152),
                  154: Isotope(153.920862, 0.0218, 154),
                  155: Isotope(154.922619, 0.148, 155),
                  156: Isotope(155.92212, 0.2047, 156),
                  157: Isotope(156.923957, 0.1565, 157),
                  158: Isotope(157.924101, 0.2484, 158),
                  160: Isotope(159.927051, 0.2186, 160)}),
    Element(
        65, 'Tb', 'Terbium',
        mass=158.92534,
        isotopes={159: Isotope(158.925343, 1.0, 159)}),
    Element(
        66, 'Dy', 'Dysprosium',
        mass=162.5,
        isotopes={156: Isotope(155.924278, 0.0006, 156),
                  158: Isotope(157.924405, 0.001, 158),
                  160: Isotope(159.925194, 0.0234, 160),
                  161: Isotope(160.92693, 0.1891, 161),
                  162: Isotope(161.926795, 0.2551, 162),
                  163: Isotope(162.928728, 0.249, 163),
                  164: Isotope(163.929171, 0.2818, 164)}),
    Element(
        67, 'Ho', 'Holmium',
        mass=164.93032,
        isotopes={165: Isotope(164.930319, 1.0, 165)}),
    Element(
        68, 'Er', 'Erbium',
        mass=167.259,
        isotopes={162: Isotope(161.928775, 0.0014, 162),
                  164: Isotope(163.929197, 0.0161, 164),
                  166: Isotope(165.93029, 0.3361, 166),
                  167: Isotope(166.932045, 0.2293, 167),
                  168: Isotope(167.932368, 0.2678, 168),
                  170: Isotope(169.93546, 0.1493, 170)}),
    Element(
        69, 'Tm', 'Thulium',
        mass=168.93421,
        isotopes={169: Isotope(168.934211, 1.0, 169)}),
    Element(
        70, 'Yb', 'Ytterbium',
        mass=173.04,
        isotopes={168: Isotope(167.933894, 0.0013, 168),
                  170: Isotope(169.934759, 0.0304, 170),
                  171: Isotope(170.936322, 0.1428, 171),
                  172: Isotope(171.9363777, 0.2183, 172),
                  173: Isotope(172.9382068, 0.1613, 173),
                  174: Isotope(173.9388581, 0.3183, 174),
                  176: Isotope(175.942568, 0.1276, 176)}),
    Element(
        71, 'Lu', 'Lutetium',
        mass=174.967,
        isotopes={175: Isotope(174.9407679, 0.9741, 175),
                  176: Isotope(175.9426824, 0.0259, 176)}),
    Element(
        72, 'Hf', 'Hafnium',
        mass=178.49,
        isotopes={174: Isotope(173.94004, 0.0016, 174),
                  176: Isotope(175.9414018, 0.0526, 176),
                  177: Isotope(176.94322, 0.186, 177),
                  178: Isotope(177.9436977, 0.2728, 178),
                  179: Isotope(178.9458151, 0.1362, 179),
                  180: Isotope(179.9465488, 0.3508, 180)}),
    Element(
        73, 'Ta', 'Tantalum',
        mass=180.9479,
        isotopes={180: Isotope(179.947466, 0.00012, 180),
                  181: Isotope(180.947996, 0.99988, 181)}),
    Element(
        74, 'W', 'Tungsten',
        mass=183.84,
        isotopes={180: Isotope(179.946706, 0.0012, 180),
                  182: Isotope(181.948206, 0.265, 182),
                  183: Isotope(182.9502245, 0.1431, 183),
                  184: Isotope(183.9509326, 0.3064, 184),
                  186: Isotope(185.954362, 0.2843, 186)}),
    Element(
        75, 'Re', 'Rhenium',
        mass=186.207,
        isotopes={185: Isotope(184.9529557, 0.374, 185),
                  187: Isotope(186.9557508, 0.626, 187)}),
    Element(
        76, 'Os', 'Osmium',
        mass=190.23,
        isotopes={184: Isotope(183.952491, 0.0002, 184),
                  186: Isotope(185.953838, 0.0159, 186),
                  187: Isotope(186.9557479, 0.0196, 187),
                  188: Isotope(187.955836, 0.1324, 188),
                  189: Isotope(188.9581449, 0.1615, 189),
                  190: Isotope(189.958445, 0.2626, 190),
                  192: Isotope(191.961479, 0.4078, 192)}),
    Element(
        77, 'Ir', 'Iridium',
        mass=192.217,
        isotopes={191: Isotope(190.960591, 0.373, 191),
                  193: Isotope(192.962924, 0.627, 193)}),
    Element(
        78, 'Pt', 'Platinum',
        mass=195.078,
        isotopes={190: Isotope(189.95993, 0.00014, 190),
                  192: Isotope(191.961035, 0.00782, 192),
                  194: Isotope(193.962664, 0.32967, 194),
                  195: Isotope(194.964774, 0.33832, 195),
                  196: Isotope(195.964935, 0.25242, 196),
                  198: Isotope(197.967876, 0.07163, 198)}),
    Element(
        79, 'Au', 'Gold',
        mass=196.96655,
        isotopes={197: Isotope(196.966552, 1.0, 197)}),
    Element(
        80, 'Hg', 'Mercury',
        mass=200.59,
        isotopes={196: Isotope(195.965815, 0.0015, 196),
                  198: Isotope(197.966752, 0.0997, 198),
                  199: Isotope(198.968262, 0.1687, 199),
                  200: Isotope(199.968309, 0.231, 200),
                  201: Isotope(200.970285, 0.1318, 201),
                  202: Isotope(201.970626, 0.2986, 202),
                  204: Isotope(203.973476, 0.0687, 204)}),
    Element(
        81, 'Tl', 'Thallium',
        mass=204.3833,
        isotopes={203: Isotope(202.972329, 0.29524, 203),
                  205: Isotope(204.974412, 0.70476, 205)}),
    Element(
        82, 'Pb', 'Lead',
        mass=207.2,
        isotopes={204: Isotope(203.973029, 0.014, 204),
                  206: Isotope(205.974449, 0.241, 206),
                  207: Isotope(206.975881, 0.221, 207),
                  208: Isotope(207.976636, 0.524, 208)}),
    Element(
        83, 'Bi', 'Bismuth',
        mass=208.98038,
        isotopes={209: Isotope(208.980383, 1.0, 209)}),
    Element(
        84, 'Po', 'Polonium',
        mass=208.982416,
        isotopes={209: Isotope(208.982416, 1.0, 209)}),
    Element(
        85, 'At', 'Astatine',
        mass=209.9871,
        isotopes={210: Isotope(209.987131, 1.0, 210)}),
    Element(
        86, 'Rn', 'Radon',
        mass=222.0176,
        isotopes={222: Isotope(222.0175705, 1.0, 222)}),
    Element(
        87, 'Fr', 'Francium',
        mass=223.0197307,
        isotopes={223: Isotope(223.0197307, 1.0, 223)}),
    Element(
        88, 'Ra', 'Radium',
        mass=226.025403,
        isotopes={226: Isotope(226.0254026, 1.0, 226)}),
    Element(
        89, 'Ac', 'Actinium',
        mass=227.027747,
        isotopes={227: Isotope(227.027747, 1.0, 227)}),
    Element(
        90, 'Th', 'Thorium',
        mass=232.0381,
        isotopes={232: Isotope(232.0380504, 1.0, 232)}),
    Element(
        91, 'Pa', 'Protactinium',
        mass=231.03588,
        isotopes={231: Isotope(231.0358789, 1.0, 231)}),
    Element(
        92, 'U', 'Uranium',
        mass=238.02891,
        isotopes={234: Isotope(234.0409456, 5.5e-05, 234),
                  235: Isotope(235.0439231, 0.0072, 235),
                  238: Isotope(238.0507826, 0.992745, 238)}),
    Element(
        93, 'Np', 'Neptunium',
        mass=237.048167,
        isotopes={237: Isotope(237.0481673, 1.0, 237)}),
    Element(
        94, 'Pu', 'Plutonium',
        mass=244.064198,
        isotopes={244: Isotope(244.064198, 1.0, 244)}),
    Element(
        95, 'Am', 'Americium',
        mass=243.061373,
        isotopes={243: Isotope(243.0613727, 1.0, 243)}),
    Element(
        96, 'Cm', 'Curium',
        mass=247.070347,
        isotopes={247: Isotope(247.070347, 1.0, 247)}),
    Element(
        97, 'Bk', 'Berkelium',
        mass=247.070299,
        isotopes={247: Isotope(247.070299, 1.0, 247)}),
    Element(
        98, 'Cf', 'Californium',
        mass=251.07958,
        isotopes={251: Isotope(251.07958, 1.0, 251)}),
    Element(
        99, 'Es', 'Einsteinium',
        mass=252.08297,
        isotopes={252: Isotope(252.08297, 1.0, 252)}),
    Element(
        100, 'Fm', 'Fermium',
        mass=257.095099,
        isotopes={257: Isotope(257.095099, 1.0, 257)}),
    Element(
        101, 'Md', 'Mendelevium',
        mass=258.098425,
        isotopes={258: Isotope(258.098425, 1.0, 258)}),
    Element(
        102, 'No', 'Nobelium',
        mass=259.10102,
        isotopes={259: Isotope(259.10102, 1.0, 259)}),
    Element(
        103, 'Lr', 'Lawrencium',
        mass=262.10969,
        isotopes={262: Isotope(262.10969, 1.0, 262)}),
    Element(
        104, 'Rf', 'Rutherfordium',
        mass=261.10875,
        isotopes={261: Isotope(261.10875, 1.0, 261)}),
    Element(
        105, 'Db', 'Dubnium',
        mass=262.11415,
        isotopes={262: Isotope(262.11415, 1.0, 262)}),
    Element(
        106, 'Sg', 'Seaborgium',
        mass=266.12193,
        isotopes={266: Isotope(266.12193, 1.0, 266)}),
    Element(
        107, 'Bh', 'Bohrium',
        mass=264.12473,
        isotopes={264: Isotope(264.12473, 1.0, 264)}),
    Element(
        108, 'Hs', 'Hassium',
        mass=269.13411,
        isotopes={269: Isotope(269.13411, 1.0, 269)}),
    Element(
        109, 'Mt', 'Meitnerium',
        mass=268.13882,
        isotopes={268: Isotope(268.13882, 1.0, 268)})]