电脑/python/第三方模块/virtualenv模块.html

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<title>virtualenv模块</title>
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<meta  name="author" content="万泽(德山书生)">
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<header>
<h1 class="title">virtualenv模块</h1>
</header><nav id="table-of-contents">
<h2>Table of Contents</h2>
<div id="text-table-of-contents">
<ul>
<li><a href="#orgheadline1">1. 简介</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgheadline3">2. 安装</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#orgheadline2">2.1. 可能出现的问题</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#orgheadline4">3. 新建一个项目</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgheadline6">4. 激活本地虚拟环境</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#orgheadline5">4.1. 通过pip安装某个模块</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#orgheadline7">5. 退出本地虚拟环境</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgheadline8">6. 使用心得</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgheadline9">7. 参考资料</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</nav>


<div class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orgheadline1">简介</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-1">
<p>
你经常看到很多python高手演讲视频里面他们通常会用到virtualenv命令，这个命令就是python的virutalenv模块提供的。其主要作用就是建立一个封闭独立的python开发环境，因为一个python项目的开发通常会涉及到多个模块，而你激活virtualenv环境之后，通过pip3命令安装的模块是安装在本项目文件夹内的，这样就建立了单独的固定某个模块版本的开发环境。这方面好处应该越到后面就也显露出来了【我开发经验还不是很多，老实说也没有切身体会】，不管怎么说，每一个新的开发环境都用virtualenv模块来控制管理，是个不错的习惯。
</p>
</div>
</div>

<div class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orgheadline3">安装</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-2">
<p>
现在都推荐完全使用python3了，所以这里只说pip3了。安装就是用pip3来安装常规安装即可。
</p>

<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>sudo pip3 install virtualenv
</pre></div>
</div>

<div class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgheadline2">可能出现的问题</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-2-1">
<p>
我用ubuntu的apt-get命令安装的python3-pip，在执行上面命令的时候出了问题，可能是我的pip版本命令过低了。推荐按照 <a href="https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/installing.html">官方文档</a> 来安装最新版本的pip3命令。
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>


<div class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orgheadline4">新建一个项目</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-3">
<p>
新建一个项目就是使用virutalenv命令，然后后面跟一个文件夹名字，等下要新建的文件夹名字。
</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>virutalenv helloworld
</pre></div>

<p>
目前这个项目默认使用的就是python3，这很好，就不用改了，毕竟现在推荐完全使用python3来编写代码。然后已经安装好setuptools和pip命令了。
</p>
</div>
</div>

<div class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orgheadline6">激活本地虚拟环境</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-4">
<p>
运行下面的命令即进入本地虚拟环境：
</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">cd</span> helloworld
<span class="nb">source</span> bin/activate
</pre></div>
</div>

<div class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgheadline5">通过pip安装某个模块</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-4-1">
<p>
这里用pip应该也就是pip3，我还不大确定，如果一定是pip3那么就可以简单输入pip即可：
</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>pip3 install pint
</pre></div>

<p>
然后你看到不需要sudu权限就安装成功了，这说明这个pint模块是安装在本地的，你可以到外面打开一个终端进入python环境或者本地虚拟环境来看下。在本地虚拟环境下输入python即可，默认肯定是python3了。
</p>

<p>
其他pip命令操作都是和外面一样的，这里就不多说了。
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>

<div class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orgheadline7">退出本地虚拟环境</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-5">
<p>
运行deactivate命令即可
</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>deactivate
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>

<div class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orgheadline8">使用心得</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-6">
<p>
这里过段时间再来补充具体的使用心得。
</p>
</div>
</div>

<div class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orgheadline9">参考资料</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-7">
<ol class="org-ol">
<li><a href="http://www.dabapps.com/blog/introduction-to-pip-and-virtualenv-python/">主要参考了这个网站</a>。</li>
</ol>
</div>
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