电脑/python/官方内置模块/pathlib模块.html

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<title>pathlib模块</title>
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<meta  name="author" content="万泽(德山书生)">
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</head>
<body>
<div id="content">
<header>
<h1 class="title">pathlib模块</h1>
</header><nav id="table-of-contents">
<h2>Table of Contents</h2>
<div id="text-table-of-contents">
<ul>
<li><a href="#orgheadline2">1. 简介</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#orgheadline1">1.1. 第一个例子</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#orgheadline39">2. Path对象详解</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#orgheadline6">2.1. 基于Path的遍历</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#orgheadline3">2.1.1. iterdir方法</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgheadline4">2.1.2. glob方法</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgheadline5">2.1.3. rglob方法</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#orgheadline11">2.2. 基于Path的判断</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#orgheadline7">2.2.1. exists()</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgheadline8">2.2.2. is_file()</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgheadline9">2.2.3. is_dir()</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgheadline10">2.2.4. is_symlink()</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#orgheadline19">2.3. 基于Path的路径组合操作</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#orgheadline12">2.3.1. parts</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgheadline13">2.3.2. drive</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgheadline14">2.3.3. root</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgheadline15">2.3.4. anchor</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgheadline16">2.3.5. parents</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgheadline17">2.3.6. parent</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgheadline18">2.3.7. joinpath</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#orgheadline29">2.4. 基于Path的常规命令操作</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#orgheadline20">2.4.1. cwd()</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgheadline21">2.4.2. stat()</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgheadline22">2.4.3. chmod(mode)</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgheadline23">2.4.4. rename(target)</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgheadline24">2.4.5. rmdir()</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgheadline25">2.4.6. lchmod(mode)</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgheadline26">2.4.7. lstat()</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgheadline27">2.4.8. mkdir(mode=0o777, parents=False)</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgheadline28">2.4.9. touch</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#orgheadline38">2.5. 基于Path的文件操作</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#orgheadline30">2.5.1. suffix</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgheadline31">2.5.2. suffixes</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgheadline32">2.5.3. name</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgheadline33">2.5.4. stem</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgheadline34">2.5.5. open(mode='r', buffering=-1, encoding=None, errors=None, newline=None)</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgheadline35">2.5.6. as_uri</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgheadline36">2.5.7. as_posix</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgheadline37">2.5.8. is_absolute</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</nav>


<div class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orgheadline2">简介</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-1">
<p>
自python3.4以后起，python3就内置了pathlib模块了，不过之前的python版本，通过pip安装pathlib之后，后面的使用也差不了太多了。下面的讨论主要参考了python3.4 pathlib模块的官方文档，以其为准。
</p>

<p>
这个模块主要让我们对系统的路径更加灵活的操作，python取代bash进行系统运维的时候，有大量的对文件名，路径等的操作，pathlib将大大简化我们在这一块的工作量。
</p>

<p>
下面的例子是在python2.7，通过pip安装pathlib环境下运行的。就一般的使用使用 <code>Path</code> 类即可。
</p>
</div>

<div class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgheadline1">第一个例子</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-1">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">pathlib</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Path</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">os</span>

<span class="n">p1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Path</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">expanduser</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;~&#39;</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">p2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Path</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;.&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>

<span class="k">print</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">p1</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">glob</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;*.pdf&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">is_file</span><span class="p">()])</span>
<span class="k">print</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">p2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">iterdir</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">is_dir</span><span class="p">()])</span>
</pre></div>

<p>
其运行结果如下:
</p>
<pre>
[PosixPath('/home/wanze/Pentaho Analytics for MongoDB.pdf'), PosixPath('/home/wanze/Python_for_Data_Analysis.pdf'), PosixPath('/home/wanze/pearsons.pdf'), PosixPath('/home/wanze/ecs_sdk.pdf'), PosixPath('/home/wanze/Pentaho Kettle Solutions.pdf')]
[PosixPath('Rambutan'), PosixPath('wanze_private'), PosixPath('forebrain'), PosixPath('python-future')]
</pre>

<p>
这里Path是可以接受相对路径语法的，所以"."和".."都是可用的。然后Path对象有方法glob和iterdir方法，其中glob就是类似linux的glob命令，这个后面细讲；然后iterdir将遍历当前目录。遍历之后返回了一个可迭代对象（读者可以看一下，是一个生成器对象），展开之后仍然是一个个Path对象。然后Path对象有 <code>is_file</code> 方法和 <code>is_dir</code> 方法来判断该Path对象是不是文件夹或者文件路径。
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>


<div class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orgheadline39">Path对象详解</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-2">
</div><div class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgheadline6">基于Path的遍历</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-2-1">
</div><div class="outline-4">
<h4 id="orgheadline3">iterdir方法</h4>
</div>

<div class="outline-4">
<h4 id="orgheadline4">glob方法</h4>
</div>

<div class="outline-4">
<h4 id="orgheadline5">rglob方法</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-2-1-3">
<p>
然后和一些基于Path的判断函数结合，我们可以设计出一些更简便的函数:
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgheadline11">基于Path的判断</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-2-2">
</div><div class="outline-4">
<h4 id="orgheadline7">exists()</h4>
</div>

<div class="outline-4">
<h4 id="orgheadline8">is_file()</h4>
</div>

<div class="outline-4">
<h4 id="orgheadline9">is_dir()</h4>
</div>

<div class="outline-4">
<h4 id="orgheadline10">is_symlink()</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-2-2-4">
<pre>
def ls_file(path="."):
    return [p for p in Path(path).iterdir() if p.is_file()]

def ls_dir(path="."):
    return [p for p in Path(path).iterdir() if p.is_dir()]
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>

<div class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgheadline19">基于Path的路径组合操作</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-2-3">
</div><div class="outline-4">
<h4 id="orgheadline12">parts</h4>
</div>

<div class="outline-4">
<h4 id="orgheadline13">drive</h4>
</div>

<div class="outline-4">
<h4 id="orgheadline14">root</h4>
</div>


<div class="outline-4">
<h4 id="orgheadline15">anchor</h4>
</div>

<div class="outline-4">
<h4 id="orgheadline16">parents</h4>
</div>

<div class="outline-4">
<h4 id="orgheadline17">parent</h4>
</div>


<div class="outline-4">
<h4 id="orgheadline18">joinpath</h4>
</div>
</div>

<div class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgheadline29">基于Path的常规命令操作</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-2-4">
</div><div class="outline-4">
<h4 id="orgheadline20">cwd()</h4>
</div>

<div class="outline-4">
<h4 id="orgheadline21">stat()</h4>
</div>

<div class="outline-4">
<h4 id="orgheadline22">chmod(mode)</h4>
</div>

<div class="outline-4">
<h4 id="orgheadline23">rename(target)</h4>
</div>

<div class="outline-4">
<h4 id="orgheadline24">rmdir()</h4>
</div>


<div class="outline-4">
<h4 id="orgheadline25">lchmod(mode)</h4>
</div>

<div class="outline-4">
<h4 id="orgheadline26">lstat()</h4>
</div>

<div class="outline-4">
<h4 id="orgheadline27">mkdir(mode=0o777, parents=False)</h4>
</div>


<div class="outline-4">
<h4 id="orgheadline28">touch</h4>
</div>
</div>

<div class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgheadline38">基于Path的文件操作</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-2-5">
</div><div class="outline-4">
<h4 id="orgheadline30">suffix</h4>
</div>
<div class="outline-4">
<h4 id="orgheadline31">suffixes</h4>
</div>


<div class="outline-4">
<h4 id="orgheadline32">name</h4>
</div>


<div class="outline-4">
<h4 id="orgheadline33">stem</h4>
</div>

<div class="outline-4">
<h4 id="orgheadline34">open(mode='r', buffering=-1, encoding=None, errors=None, newline=None)</h4>
</div>


<div class="outline-4">
<h4 id="orgheadline35">as_uri</h4>
</div>

<div class="outline-4">
<h4 id="orgheadline36">as_posix</h4>
</div>

<div class="outline-4">
<h4 id="orgheadline37">is_absolute</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-2-5-8">
<p>
group()
</p>


<p>
is_socket()
</p>

<p>
is_fifo()
</p>

<p>
is_block_device()
</p>

<p>
is_char_device()
</p>

<p>
owner()
</p>

<p>
replace(target
</p>

<p>
resolve
</p>

<p>
symlink_to
</p>

<p>
unlink
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>