电脑/linux/linux系统进阶/linux系统进阶2.html

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<div id="content">
<header>
<h1 class="title">linux系统进阶2</h1>
</header><nav id="table-of-contents">
<h2>Table of Contents</h2>
<div id="text-table-of-contents">
<ul>
<li><a href="#orgheadline1">1. 实时监控某个远程日志文件动态</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgheadline2">2. 制作服务脚本并让其自启动</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgheadline3">3. diff和patch命令</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</nav>


<div class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orgheadline1">实时监控某个远程日志文件动态</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-1">
<p>
参考了 <a href="http://serverfault.com/questions/1669/shell-command-to-monitor-changes-in-a-file-whats-it-called-again/1670">这个网页</a> 。
</p>

<pre>
tail -f logfile.log
</pre>
</div>
</div>


<div class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orgheadline2">制作服务脚本并让其自启动</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-2">
<p>
下面这个服务脚本参考了 <a href="http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/236084/how-do-i-create-a-service-for-a-shell-script-so-i-can-start-and-stop-it-like-a-d">这个网页</a> 。
</p>

<pre>
#!/bin/bash

case "$1" in 
start)
   /path/to/hit.sh &amp;
   echo $!&gt;/var/run/hit.pid
   ;;
stop)
   kill `cat /var/run/hit.pid`
   rm /var/run/hit.pid
   ;;
restart)
   $0 stop
   $0 start
   ;;
status)
   if [ -e /var/run/hit.pid ]; then
      echo hit.sh is running, pid=`cat /var/run/hit.pid`
   else
      echo hit.sh is NOT running
      exit 1
   fi
   ;;
*)
   echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart}"
esac

exit 0
</pre>

<p>
一般具体执行的命令推荐放入 /usr/bin 或 /usr/local/bin 里面，当然放在其他地方也是可以的。
</p>

<p>
然后上面的服务脚本要放入 <code>/etc/init.d</code> 里面去。
</p>

<p>
这个时候就可以通过 <code>service what start</code> 来调用服务脚本了。 参考 <a href="http://xiaoxia.org/2011/11/15/create-a-simple-linux-daemon/">这个网页</a> 。
</p>

<p>
要让服务脚本自启动，推荐用 <code>chkconfig</code> 命令来做。
</p>

<ul class="org-ul">
<li><code>chkconfig --add what</code> 添加服务让chkconfig可以管理它。参考 <a href="http://imhuchao.com/501.html">这个网页</a> 。</li>
<li><code>chkconfig --del what</code> 删除服务</li>
<li><code>chkconfig --level &lt;级别&gt; what on</code> 设置服务启动级别</li>
</ul>

<p>
启动级别有：
</p>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>等级0表示：表示关机</li>
<li>等级1表示：单用户模式</li>
<li>等级2表示：无网络连接的多用户命令行模式</li>
<li>等级3表示：有网络连接的多用户命令行模式</li>
<li>等级4表示：不可用</li>
<li>等级5表示：带图形界面的多用户模式</li>
<li>等级6表示：重新启动</li>
</ul>

<p>
似乎较常用的级别设置是 <code>35</code>
</p>

<pre>
chkconfig --level 35 what on
</pre>
</div>
</div>

<div class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orgheadline3">diff和patch命令</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-3">
<p>
下面只讨论针对文件的对比。
</p>

<pre>
diff -u 源文件 目标文件 &gt; test.patch
</pre>

<p>
diff命令得出从源文件到目标文件的修改路径。一般加上 <code>-u</code> 来输出patch文件。
</p>

<p>
patch文件 <code>---</code> 表示源文件， <code>+++</code> 表示目标文件。
</p>

<p>
然后应用patch命令可以实现从源文件和patch文件来得到目标文件。
</p>

<pre>
patch -p0 test2.txt test.patch -o new_test2.txt
</pre>

<p>
这里的 <code>new_test2.txt</code> 是test2.txt打上补丁文件之后的结果。
</p>

<p>
还可以取消补丁，或者说从目标文件得到源文件。
</p>

<pre>
patch -p0 -R test3.txt test.patch -o ori_test3.txt
</pre>
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