电脑/python/数据库/redis学习笔记.html

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<header>
<h1 class="title">redis学习笔记</h1>
</header><nav id="table-of-contents">
<h2>Table of Contents</h2>
<div id="text-table-of-contents">
<ul>
<li><a href="#orgheadline5">1. 简介</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#orgheadline1">1.1. 安装</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgheadline2">1.2. 数据库存储在那</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgheadline3">1.3. redis-cli</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgheadline4">1.4. python那边</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#orgheadline6">2. python那边</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgheadline7">3. <span class="todo nilTODO">TODO</span> </a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</nav>


<div class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orgheadline5">简介</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-1">
<p>
redis是一个很有意思的数据库服务东西，其可以简单看作in-memory的常规那种one-key-one-value 类似字典的数据结构实时存储支持工具。最简单的应用我们可以用redis来做缓存来加速程序，当然还有其他高级用法等着你去发现。
</p>
</div>

<div class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgheadline1">安装</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-1">
<p>
你需要安装redis服务，在ubuntu下是:
</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>sudo apt-get install redis-server
</pre></div>

<p>
然后需要安装python对接redis服务的接口:
</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>sudo pip3 install redis
</pre></div>
<p>
其github地址在 <a href="https://github.com/andymccurdy/redis-py">这里</a> 。
</p>
</div>
</div>

<div class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgheadline2">数据库存储在那</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-2">
<p>
数据首先放在内存里面的，然后redis有一个定时save机制，其细节暂时略过，总是redis-server会定时将数据save到dump.rdb里面去。我们可以在redis的配置文件:
</p>
<pre>
bash&gt;&gt;&gt; sudo gedit /etc/redis/redis.conf
</pre>

<p>
里面找到save具体的存储地址，大概在这里:
</p>
<pre>
bash&gt;&gt;&gt; cd /var/lib/redis/
bash&gt;&gt;&gt; ls
dump.rdb
</pre>

<p>
然后我们当我们手动输入
</p>
<pre>
save
</pre>
<p>
命令时redis-server会执行一次save操作。然后如果我们输入 <code>shutdown</code> 命令关闭redis-server，redis-server也会预先执行一次save操作。因为我们在ubuntu下使用的redis-server是作为系统服务后台自动运行的，其在开机的时候就会自动加载目标数据库。然后需要注意的是如果你把系统默认的redis-server关闭了，另外开辟的是一个独立的redis-server，其save就会save在终端当前工作目录，而且数据库和系统默认的那个redis-server是分开独立不相干的。
</p>
</div>
</div>

<div class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgheadline3">redis-cli</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-3">
<p>
输入 <code>redis-cli</code> 会视图连接默认的那个port 6379的redis-server，然后可以执行一些操作，简单读者简单看一下官方网页的 <a href="http://try.redis.io/">互动教程</a> ，做的很好。
</p>
</div>
</div>


<div class="outline-3">
<h3 id="orgheadline4">python那边</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-4">
<p>
python那边最基本的操作如下所示:
</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">redis</span>
<span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">r</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">redis</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">StrictRedis</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">host</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;localhost&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">port</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">6379</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">db</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">r</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;foo&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;bar&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="bp">True</span>
<span class="o">&gt;&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">r</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;foo&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;bar&#39;</span>
</pre></div>
<p>
最基本的如 <code>set</code> <code>get</code> 操作就不用多说了。
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>

<div class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orgheadline6">python那边</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-2">
<p>
python那边接口很简单，如上所示，你获得一个 <code>StrictRedis</code> 对象（新用户都推荐使用StrictRedis）之后，就是调用该对对象的一些方法罢了。官方文档在 <a href="https://redis-py.readthedocs.org/en/latest/">这里</a> ，比较简单，大抵看源码估计也差不多的。比如说redis的 <code>del</code> 操作，在python这边对应的就是 <code>delete</code> 方法:
</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">delete</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">names</span><span class="p">):</span>
    <span class="s2">&quot;Delete one or more keys specified by ``names``&quot;</span>
    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">execute_command</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;DEL&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">names</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>

<p>
还有很多方法后面在慢慢介绍，这里先介绍那个 <code>ConnectionPool</code> 概念，redis-py所有的连接都是如下模式:
</p>
<pre>
&gt;&gt;&gt; pool = redis.ConnectionPool(host='localhost', port=6379, db=0)
&gt;&gt;&gt; r = redis.Redis(connection_pool=pool)
</pre>

<p>
也就是都通过一个连接池对象来进行连接操作的。然后连接池对象还可以调配一个 <code>connection_class</code> ，其是一个 <code>Connection</code> 对象。这些都是底层的连接方法实现细节，可能某些时候需要考虑。
</p>
</div>
</div>


<div class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orgheadline7"><span class="todo TODO">TODO</span> </h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-3">
<p>
更多细节补充
</p>
</div>
</div>
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