cbs2022voss.html

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  <title>Breaking the boundaries of current metadata</title>
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<section id="title-slide" data-background-image="vzg-slides-background.png">
  <h1 class="title">Breaking the boundaries of current metadata</h1>
  <p class="subtitle">a perspective from VZG</p>
  <p class="author">Jakob Voß</p>
  <p class="date">2022-09-06</p>
</section>

<section id="outline" class="slide level2"
data-background="vzg-slides-background.png">
<h2 data-background="vzg-slides-background.png">Outline</h2>
<ol type="1">
<li><p>Current trends in metadata</p></li>
<li><p>Boundaries of metadata in CBS</p></li>
<li><p>Breaking the boundaries</p></li>
</ol>
</section>
<section>
<section id="current-trends-in-metadata"
class="title-slide slide level1"
data-background="vzg-slides-background.png">
<h1 data-background="vzg-slides-background.png">Current trends in
metadata</h1>

</section>
<section id="obvious-trends" class="slide level2"
data-background-image="light-speed-travel-into-the-stars.png">
<h2
data-background-image="light-speed-travel-into-the-stars.png">Obvious
trends</h2>
<ul>
<li><p><strong>Cloud infrastructure</strong>: distributed
servers</p></li>
<li><p><strong>Big data</strong>: continuing growth</p></li>
<li><p><strong>Machine learning &amp; AI</strong>: not today</p></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="metadata-getting-fancy" class="slide level2"
data-background-image="many-colorful-flowers.png">
<h2 data-background-image="many-colorful-flowers.png">Metadata getting
fancy</h2>
<ul>
<li><p><strong>Diversity</strong> of both metadata and actors</p></li>
<li><p><strong>Data science</strong> brings more tools and people than
ever</p></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="decentralization" class="slide level2"
data-background-image="decentralized-network.png">
<h2
data-background-image="decentralized-network.png">Decentralization</h2>
<ul>
<li><p><strong>Integration</strong> across multiple systems</p></li>
<li><p><strong>Aggregation</strong> in data warehouses, data lakes…
<em>for analysis</em></p></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="metadata-management" class="slide level2"
data-background-image="busy-clerk-in-a-library.png">
<h2 data-background-image="busy-clerk-in-a-library.png">Metadata
Management</h2>
<ul>
<li><p><strong>Governance</strong> by quality and observation</p></li>
<li><p><strong>Active metadata</strong> e.g. logging, alerts…</p></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="challenges-summarized" class="slide level2"
data-background-image="busy-clerk-in-a-library.png">
<h2 data-background-image="busy-clerk-in-a-library.png">Challenges
summarized</h2>
<ul>
<li><p>More <strong>diverse</strong> metadata must be
<strong>integrated</strong></p></li>
<li><p>Different <strong>people and tools</strong>:<br />
<em>data scientist, data analyst, data enigneers…</em></p></li>
<li><p>Growing expectations on <strong>quality and
accessibility</strong> for multiple purposes</p></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="example" class="slide level2"
data-background="flock-of-books.png">
<h2 data-background="flock-of-books.png">Example</h2>
<p>Number of books<br />
by publisher <em>X</em><br />
in subject area <em>Y</em><br />
held by each library</p>
</section></section>
<section>
<section id="boundaries-of-metadata-in-cbs"
class="title-slide slide level1" data-background="book-fortress.png">
<h1 data-background="book-fortress.png">Boundaries of metadata in
CBS</h1>

</section>
<section id="basic-problems" class="slide level2"
data-background="book-fortress.png">
<h2 data-background="book-fortress.png">Basic problems</h2>
<ul>
<li><p>CBS is a <strong>specialized tool</strong> for managing<br />
data in PICA and MARC</p></li>
<li><p>PICA and MARC are arcane, limited data formats:<br />
<em>record-field-subfield</em></p></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="limitations" class="slide level2"
data-background="book-fortress.png">
<h2 data-background="book-fortress.png">Limitations</h2>
<ul>
<li><p><strong>Number of people</strong> doing data processing in
CBS/PICA/MARC…</p></li>
<li><p>Little accessible <strong>standards and tools</strong></p></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="challenges" class="slide level2"
data-background="book-fortress.png">
<h2 data-background="book-fortress.png">Challenges</h2>
<ul>
<li><p>Facilitate <strong>use of CBS</strong> data by others</p></li>
<li><p>Facilitate use of <strong>external data</strong> with
CBS</p></li>
<li><p>Make metadata <strong>workflows more
transparent</strong></p></li>
</ul>
</section></section>
<section>
<section id="breaking-the-boundaries" class="title-slide slide level1"
data-background="rainbow.png">
<h1 data-background="rainbow.png">Breaking the boundaries</h1>

</section>
<section id="confession" class="slide level2"
data-background-image="busy-clerk-in-a-library.png">
<h2 data-background-image="busy-clerk-in-a-library.png">Confession</h2>
<ul>
<li><p>It’s complicated</p></li>
<li><p>Two independent strategies</p></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="standardization" class="slide level2"
data-background="rainbow.png">
<h2 data-background="rainbow.png">1. Standardization</h2>
<ul>
<li><p><strong>Avram Schemas</strong> for MARC- and
PICA-formats</p></li>
<li><p><strong>PICA Patch format</strong> formalizes changes
records</p></li>
<li><p><strong>APIs and tools</strong> that can be used by
anyone</p></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="avram-schemas" class="slide level2"
data-background="rainbow.png">
<h2 data-background="rainbow.png">Avram Schemas</h2>
<ul>
<li>List fields and subfields with repeatability</li>
<li>Allowed values by regex code lists</li>
<li>Same validation on server, client…</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="pica-patch-format" class="slide level2"
data-background="rainbow.png">
<h2 data-background="rainbow.png">PICA Patch format</h2>
<ul>
<li>Descriptive changes to records</li>
<li>Record versioning</li>
<li>Applicable on server, client…</li>
</ul>
<pre><code>  003@ $012345X
- 021A $aA book
+ 021A $aA good book$hfor reading</code></pre>
</section>
<section id="advantages" class="slide level2"
data-background="rainbow.png">
<h2 data-background="rainbow.png">Advantages</h2>
<ul>
<li><p>Based on <strong>common web standards</strong> (JSON…)</p></li>
<li><p><strong>Accessible</strong> by more people with diverse
needs</p></li>
<li><p>Not <em>how</em> (<em>take field X, filter by condition
Y…</em>)<br />
but <strong><em>what</em></strong> (<em>records with specific
condition…</em>): imperative vs. descriptive</p></li>
</ul>
<!-- TODO: following slides -->
</section>
<section id="knowledge-graphs" class="slide level2"
data-background-image="decentralized-network.png">
<h2 data-background-image="decentralized-network.png">2. Knowledge
graphs</h2>
<ul>
<li>Records in CBS
<ul>
<li>Hierachical Record model (record level)</li>
<li>Links between records via <code>$9</code> and PPN</li>
<li>Links via identifiers (DOI, ISSN…)</li>
</ul></li>
<li>External data
<ul>
<li>Author affiliation, addresses, names…</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="knowledge-graph" class="slide level2">
<h2>Knowledge graph</h2>
<ul>
<li><p>Create <strong>CBS Knowledge Graph</strong></p></li>
<li><p><strong>Expose</strong> via RDF or Graph Database</p></li>
<li><p><strong>Integrate</strong> with external Linked Data</p></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="example-1" class="slide level2"
data-background="flock-of-books.png">
<h2 data-background="flock-of-books.png">Example</h2>
<p>Number of books<br />
by publisher <em>X</em><br />
in subject area <em>Y</em><br />
held by each library</p>
</section>
<section id="imperative-script" class="slide level2"
data-background="flock-of-books.png">
<h2 data-background="flock-of-books.png">Imperative script</h2>
<ol type="1">
<li><p>Build index of transitive sub-subjects of <code>Y</code></p></li>
<li><p>Get books by publisher <em>X</em><br />
<code>pica filter "033.n="$"</code> (pica-rs)</p></li>
<li><p>Reduce to books with subject in index</p></li>
<li><p>Count libraries with holding of the book</p></li>
</ol>
</section>
<section id="sparql-query" class="slide level2"
data-background="flock-of-books.png">
<h2 data-background="flock-of-books.png">SPARQL query</h2>
<p>Established query language for RDF</p>
<pre><code>SELECT ?library (COUNT(?book) as ?number) WHERE {
  ?book dct:publisher &lt;$X&gt; .
  ?book dct:subject/skos:broader* &lt;$Y&gt; .
  ?bibframe bibframe:hasItem [ bibframe:heldBy ?library ] .
} GROUP BY ?library</code></pre>
</section>
<section id="cypher-query" class="slide level2"
data-background="flock-of-books.png">
<h2 data-background="flock-of-books.png">Cypher query</h2>
<p>Most common query language for Graph Databases, being standardized as
GQL by ISO</p>
<pre><code>MATCH (b:Book)-[:PUBLISHER]-&gt;$X,
      (b:Book)-[:ITEM]-&gt;()-[:HELDBY]-&gt;(library:Library)
WHERE (b:Book)-[:SUBJECT]-&gt;$Y OR
      (b:Book)-[:SUBJECT]-&gt;(s:Concept)-[:BROADER*]-&gt;$Y
RETURN library, count(*)</code></pre>
</section>
<section id="takeaways" class="slide level2"
data-background-image="many-colorful-flowers.png">
<h2 data-background-image="many-colorful-flowers.png">Takeaways</h2>
<ul>
<li><p>Standardization of data languages to process PICA &amp; MARC</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Avram Schema</strong> format</li>
<li><strong>PICA Diff</strong> format</li>
</ul></li>
<li><p>Declarative vs. imperative</p></li>
<li><p>From record-field-subfield to <strong>knowledge
graphs</strong></p></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="references" class="slide level2"
data-background-image="many-colorful-flowers.png">
<h2 data-background-image="many-colorful-flowers.png">References</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://format.gbv.de/schema/avram/specification"
class="uri">https://format.gbv.de/schema/avram/specification</a></li>
<li><a href="https://format.gbv.de/pica/patch"
class="uri">https://format.gbv.de/pica/patch</a></li>
<li><a href="https://deutsche-nationalbibliothek.github.io/pica-rs/"
class="uri">https://deutsche-nationalbibliothek.github.io/pica-rs/</a></li>
<li>Background images AI created with stable diffusion and
midjourney</li>
</ul>
</section></section>
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