diff --git a/doc/dmr-intro/script/script_de_06_textmsg.tex b/doc/dmr-intro/script/script_de_06_textmsg.tex index 704ffa0a..e85d1f33 100644 --- a/doc/dmr-intro/script/script_de_06_textmsg.tex +++ b/doc/dmr-intro/script/script_de_06_textmsg.tex @@ -1,5 +1,12 @@ \section{Datendienste} \label{sec:data} -Da DMR von sich aus schon eine digitale Betriebsart ist, bei der meist Sprache in digitalisierter Form übertragen wird, ist es natürlich auch möglich reine Datendienste über DMR anzubieten. Zum einen gibt es einen Textnachrichtendienst, der dem SMS-Dienst der Mobiltelefone nachempfunden ist. Zum anderen gibt es auch die Möglichkeit, die eigene Position per DMR an das APRS\footnote{APRS steht für \emph{Automatic Packet Reporting System} und ermöglicht das Übertragen von kleinen Datensätzen über Packet-Radio wie zum Beispiel die Position, Wetter oder Textnachrichten. Mehr dazu erfahren sie in der \href{https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_Packet_Reporting_System}{Wikipedia}.} Netz zu übertragen. +Da DMR von sich aus schon eine digitale Betriebsart ist, bei der meist Sprache in digitalisierter +Form übertragen wird, ist es natürlich auch möglich reine Datendienste über DMR anzubieten. Zum +einen gibt es einen Textnachrichtendienst, der dem SMS-Dienst der Mobiltelefone nachempfunden ist. +Zum anderen gibt es auch die Möglichkeit, die eigene Position per DMR an das APRS\footnote{APRS +steht für \emph{Automatic Packet Reporting System} und ermöglicht das Übertragen von kleinen +Datensätzen über Packet-Radio wie zum Beispiel die Position, Wetter oder Textnachrichten. Mehr +dazu erfahren sie in der \href{https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_Packet_Reporting_System}{Wikipedia}.} +Netz zu übertragen. \subsection{Textnachrichten (SMS)} \label{sec:textmsg} Mit diesem Dienst können sie kurze Textnachrichten\footnote{Bis zu 144 Zeichen.} direkt an andere Teilnehmer verschicken\footnote{Sie können auch Textnachrichten an ganze Sprechgruppen versenden. Dies ist aber eher unüblich und nicht wünschenswert.}. Im Prinzip funktioniert eine Textnachricht wie ein Direktruf. Ist der andere Teilnehmer erreichbar, wird die Textnachricht übermittelt. diff --git a/doc/manual/intro/fig/Makefile b/doc/manual/intro/fig/Makefile index 839894a7..b7617186 100644 --- a/doc/manual/intro/fig/Makefile +++ b/doc/manual/intro/fig/Makefile @@ -1,4 +1,8 @@ -IMG = fm_simplex_a.png fm_simplex_b.png fm_duplex_a.png fm_duplex_b.png fm_echolink_a.png fm_echolink_b.png fm_echolink_c.png +IMG = fm_simplex_a.png fm_simplex_b.png fm_duplex_a.png fm_duplex_b.png fm_echolink_a.png fm_echolink_b.png fm_echolink_c.png \ + trunk_net_ex1.png trunk_net_ex2.png trunk_net_ex3.png trunk_net_ex4a.png trunk_net_ex4b.png \ + simplex_allcall.png simplex_groupcall.png simplex_privatecall.png \ + repeater_local.png repeater_privatecall.png \ + talkgroup_ex1a.png talkgroup_ex1b.png talkgroup_ex1c.png #.PRECIOUS: %.pdf # keep PDFs all: $(IMG) diff --git a/doc/manual/intro/fig/repeater_local.tex b/doc/manual/intro/fig/repeater_local.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b3ebcb61 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/manual/intro/fig/repeater_local.tex @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +\documentclass{standalone} +\usepackage{tikz} +\usetikzlibrary{shapes.geometric} +\input{repeater} +\begin{document} + \begin{tikzpicture}[every node/.style={scale=.8}] + \activeuser{u1}{ 0,0}{DM3MAT}; + \user{u2}{ 2,0}{DL1XYZ}; + \user{u3}{ 4,0}{DL2XYZ}; + \draw[dotted] (5,4) -- (5,-1); + \activeuser{u4}{ 6,0}{DL3XYZ}; + \user{u5}{ 8,0}{DL4XYZ}; + \user{u6}{10,0}{DL5XYZ}; + \activerepeater{R1}{1,3}{DB0ABC}; + \repeater{R2}{3,3}{DB0DEF}; + \activerepeater{R3}{7,3}{DB0GHI}; + \activerepeater{R4}{9,3}{DB0JKL}; + \draw[->] (u1) -- node[above,rotate=70]{GC: TG9} (R1); + \draw[->] (R1) -- node[above,rotate=-70]{GC: TG9} (u2); + \draw[->] (u4) -- node[above,rotate=70]{GC: TG8} (R3); + \draw[->] (R3) -- node[above,rotate=-70]{GC: TG8} (u5); + \draw[->] (R4) -- node[above,rotate=-70]{GC: TG8} (u6); + \path[->] (R3) edge[dashed,bend left] node[above]{via Netzwerk} (R4); + \end{tikzpicture} +\end{document} diff --git a/doc/manual/intro/fig/repeater_privatecall.tex b/doc/manual/intro/fig/repeater_privatecall.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000..56d50fa9 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/manual/intro/fig/repeater_privatecall.tex @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +\documentclass{standalone} +\usepackage{tikz} +\usetikzlibrary{shapes.geometric} +\input{repeater} +\begin{document} + \begin{tikzpicture}[every node/.style={scale=.8}] + \activeuser{u1}{ 0,0}{DM3MAT 2621370}; + \activerepeater{R1}{1,3}{DB0ABC}; + \draw[dotted] (2,4) -- (2,-1); + \user{u2}{ 4,0}{I/DL2XYZ\\2621234}; + \activerepeater{R2}{3,3}{I0ABC}; + \draw[->] (u1) -- node[above,rotate=70]{PC: 2621234} (R1); + \draw[->] (R2) -- node[above,rotate=-70]{PC: 2621234} (u2); + \path[->] (R1) edge[dashed,bend left] node[above]{via Netzwerk} (R2); + \end{tikzpicture} +\end{document} diff --git a/doc/manual/intro/fig/simplex_allcall.tex b/doc/manual/intro/fig/simplex_allcall.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000..21c32548 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/manual/intro/fig/simplex_allcall.tex @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +\documentclass{standalone} +\usepackage{tikz} +\usetikzlibrary{shapes.geometric} +\input{repeater} +\begin{document} + \begin{tikzpicture}[every node/.style={scale=.8}] + \activeuser{u1}{ 0,0}{DM3MAT}; + \user{u2}{ 6,1}{DL1XYZ, TG99}; + \user{u3}{ 6,0}{DL2XYZ, TG99}; + \user{u4}{ 6,-1}{DL3XYZ}; + \path[->] (u1) edge[bend left] node[above, rotate=10]{$433.450 MHz$} node[below, rotate=10]{All Call} (u2); + \path[->] (u1) edge node[above]{$433.450 MHz$} node[below]{All Call} (u3); + \path[->] (u1) edge[bend right] node[above, rotate=-10]{$433.450 MHz$} node[below, rotate=-10]{All Call} (u4); + \end{tikzpicture} +\end{document} diff --git a/doc/manual/intro/fig/simplex_groupcall.tex b/doc/manual/intro/fig/simplex_groupcall.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ec3c15a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/manual/intro/fig/simplex_groupcall.tex @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +\documentclass{standalone} +\usepackage{tikz} +\usetikzlibrary{shapes.geometric} +\input{repeater} +\begin{document} + \begin{tikzpicture}[every node/.style={scale=.8}] + \activeuser{u1}{ 0,0}{DM3MAT}; + \user{u2}{ 6,1}{DL1XYZ, TG99}; + \user{u3}{ 6,0}{DL2XYZ, TG99}; + \user{u4}{ 6,-1}{DL3XYZ}; + \path[->] (u1) edge[bend left] node[above, rotate=10]{$433.450 MHz$} node[below, rotate=10]{GC: TG99} (u2); + \path[->] (u1) edge node[above]{$433.450 MHz$} node[below]{GC: TG99} (u3); + \end{tikzpicture} +\end{document} diff --git a/doc/manual/intro/fig/simplex_privatecall.tex b/doc/manual/intro/fig/simplex_privatecall.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f8ecd781 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/manual/intro/fig/simplex_privatecall.tex @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +\documentclass{standalone} +\usepackage{tikz} +\usetikzlibrary{shapes.geometric} +\input{repeater} +\begin{document} + \begin{tikzpicture}[every node/.style={scale=.8}] + \activeuser{u1}{ 0,0}{DM3MAT}; + \activeuser{u2}{ 6,1}{DL1XYZ, TG99}; + \user{u3}{ 6,0}{DL2XYZ, TG99}; + \user{u4}{ 6,-1}{DL3XYZ}; + \path[->] (u1) edge[bend left] node[above, rotate=10]{$433.450 MHz$} node[below, rotate=10]{PC: DL1XYZ} (u2); + \path[->] (u2) edge[bend left] node[above, rotate=10]{$433.450 MHz$} node[below, rotate=10]{PC: DM3MAT} (u1); + \end{tikzpicture} +\end{document} diff --git a/doc/manual/intro/fig/talkgroup_ex1a.tex b/doc/manual/intro/fig/talkgroup_ex1a.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000..36bcb412 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/manual/intro/fig/talkgroup_ex1a.tex @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +\documentclass{standalone} +\usepackage{tikz} +\usetikzlibrary{shapes.geometric} +\input{repeater} +\begin{document} + \begin{tikzpicture}[every node/.style={scale=.8}] + \activeuser{u1}{ 0,0}{DM3MAT}; + \user{u2}{ 2,0}{DL1XYZ}; + \user{u3}{ 6,0}{DL2XYZ}; + \draw[dotted] (7,4) -- (7,-1); + \user{u4}{10,0}{I/DL3XYZ}; + \activerepeater{R1}{1,3}{DB0ABC, TG2621}; + \activerepeater{R2}{5,3}{DB0DEF, TG2621}; + \repeater{R3}{9,3}{I0ABC}; + \path[->] (u1) edge node[above,rotate=70]{GC: TG2621} (R1); + \path[->] (R1) edge node[above,rotate=-70]{GC: TG2621} (u2); + \path[->] (R2) edge node[above,rotate=-70]{GC: TG2621} (u3); + \path[->] (R1) edge[bend left] node[above]{GC: TG2621} (R2); + \end{tikzpicture} +\end{document} diff --git a/doc/manual/intro/fig/talkgroup_ex1b.tex b/doc/manual/intro/fig/talkgroup_ex1b.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000..cfb1f2b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/manual/intro/fig/talkgroup_ex1b.tex @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +\documentclass{standalone} +\usepackage{tikz} +\usetikzlibrary{shapes.geometric} +\input{repeater} +\begin{document} + \begin{tikzpicture}[every node/.style={scale=.8}] + \user{u1}{ 0,0}{DM3MAT}; + \user{u2}{ 2,0}{DL1XYZ}; + \user{u3}{ 6,0}{DL2XYZ}; + \draw[dotted] (7,4) -- (7,-1); + \activeuser{u4}{10,0}{I/DL3XYZ}; + \activerepeater{R1}{1,3}{DB0ABC, TG2621}; + \activerepeater{R2}{5,3}{DB0DEF, TG2621}; + \activerepeater{R3}{9,3}{I0ABC, (TG2621)}; + \path[->] (u4) edge node[above,rotate=-70]{GC: TG2621} (R3); + \path[->] (R1) edge node[above,rotate=70]{GC: TG2621} (u1); + \path[->] (R1) edge node[above,rotate=-70]{GC: TG2621} (u2); + \path[->] (R2) edge node[above,rotate=-70]{GC: TG2621} (u3); + \path[->] (R3) edge[bend right] node[below]{GC: TG2621} (R2); + \path[->] (R3) edge[bend right] node[above]{GC: TG2621} (R1); + \end{tikzpicture} +\end{document} diff --git a/doc/manual/intro/fig/talkgroup_ex1c.tex b/doc/manual/intro/fig/talkgroup_ex1c.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000..4b7888cf --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/manual/intro/fig/talkgroup_ex1c.tex @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +\documentclass{standalone} +\usepackage{tikz} +\usetikzlibrary{shapes.geometric} +\input{repeater} +\begin{document} + \begin{tikzpicture}[every node/.style={scale=.8}] + \activeuser{u1}{ 0,0}{DM3MAT}; + \user{u2}{ 2,0}{DL1XYZ}; + \user{u3}{ 6,0}{DL2XYZ}; + \draw[dotted] (7,4) -- (7,-1); + \user{u4}{10,0}{I/DL3XYZ}; + \activerepeater{R1}{1,3}{DB0ABC, TG2621}; + \activerepeater{R2}{5,3}{DB0DEF, TG2621}; + \activerepeater{R3}{9,3}{I0ABC, (TG2621)}; + \path[->] (u1) edge node[above,rotate=70]{GC: TG2621} (R1); + \path[->] (R1) edge node[above,rotate=-70]{GC: TG2621} (u2); + \path[->] (R2) edge node[above,rotate=-70]{GC: TG2621} (u3); + \path[->] (R3) edge node[above,rotate=-70]{GC: TG2621} (u4); + \path[->] (R1) edge[bend left] node[below]{GC: TG2621} (R2); + \path[->] (R1) edge[bend left] node[above]{GC: TG2621} (R3); + \end{tikzpicture} +\end{document} diff --git a/doc/manual/intro/fig/trunk_net_ex1.tex b/doc/manual/intro/fig/trunk_net_ex1.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000..438f9b1b --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/manual/intro/fig/trunk_net_ex1.tex @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +\documentclass{standalone} +\usepackage{tikz} +\usetikzlibrary{shapes.geometric} +\input{repeater} +\begin{document} + \begin{tikzpicture}[every node/.style={scale=.8}] + \user{r1}{ 0,0}{Reinigung 1}; + \user{r2}{ 2,0}{Reinigung 2}; + \draw[dotted] (3,4) -- (3,-1); + \user{s1}{ 4,0}{Sicherheit 1}; + \user{z} { 6,0}{Zentrale}; + \draw[dotted] (7,4) -- (7,-1); + \user{s2}{ 8,0}{Sicherheit 2}; + \user{r3}{10,0}{Reinigung 3}; + \repeater{R1}{1,3}{Terminal 1, TG: R,S}; + \repeater{R2}{5,3}{Terminal 2, TG: R,S}; + \repeater{R3}{9,3}{Vorfeld, TG: S}; + \end{tikzpicture} +\end{document} diff --git a/doc/manual/intro/fig/trunk_net_ex2.tex b/doc/manual/intro/fig/trunk_net_ex2.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000..54169a91 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/manual/intro/fig/trunk_net_ex2.tex @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +\documentclass{standalone} +\usepackage{tikz} +\usetikzlibrary{shapes.geometric} +\input{repeater} +\begin{document} + \begin{tikzpicture}[every node/.style={scale=.8}] + \activeuser{r1}{ 0,0}{Reinigung 1}; + \user{r2}{ 2,0}{Reinigung 2}; + \draw[dotted] (3,4) -- (3,-1); + \activeuser{s1}{ 4,0}{Sicherheit 1}; + \activeuser{z} { 6,0}{Zentrale}; + \draw[dotted] (7,4) -- (7,-1); + \user{s2}{ 8,0}{Sicherheit 2}; + \activeuser{r3}{10,0}{Reinigung 3}; + \activerepeater{R1}{1,3.5}{Terminal 1, TG: R,S}; + \activerepeater{R2}{5,3.5}{Terminal 2, TG: R,S}; + \activerepeater{R3}{9,3.5}{Vorfeld, TG: S}; + \draw[->] (r1) -- node[above,rotate=74] {PC: Reinigung 3} (R1); + \path[->,dashed] (R1) edge [bend left] node[above] {via Netzwerk} (R3); + \draw[->] (R3) -- node[above,rotate=-74] {PC: Reinigung 3} (r3); + \draw[->] (z) -- node[above,rotate=-74] {PC: Sicherheit 1} (R2); + \draw[->] (R2) -- node[above,rotate=74] {PC: Sicherheit 1} (s1); + \end{tikzpicture} +\end{document} diff --git a/doc/manual/intro/fig/trunk_net_ex3.tex b/doc/manual/intro/fig/trunk_net_ex3.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000..6b50a549 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/manual/intro/fig/trunk_net_ex3.tex @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +\documentclass{standalone} +\usepackage{tikz} +\usetikzlibrary{shapes.geometric} +\input{repeater} +\begin{document} + \begin{tikzpicture}[every node/.style={scale=.8}] + \activeuser{r1}{ 0,0}{Reinigung 1}; + \activeuser{r2}{ 2,0}{Reinigung 2}; + \draw[dotted] (3,4) -- (3,-1); + \user{s1}{ 4,0}{Sicherheit 1}; + \activeuser{z} { 6,0}{Zentrale}; + \draw[dotted] (7,4) -- (7,-1); + \user{s2}{ 8,0}{Sicherheit 2}; + \user{r3}{10,0}{Reinigung 3}; + \activerepeater{R1}{1,3}{Terminal 1, TG: R,S}; + \activerepeater{R2}{5,3}{Terminal 2, TG: R,S}; + \repeater{R3}{9,3}{Vorfeld, TG: S}; + \draw[->] (z) -- node[above,rotate=-74] {TG: R} (R2); + \path[->,dashed] (R2) edge [bend right] node[above] {via Netzwerk} (R1); + \draw[->] (R1) -- node[above,rotate=74] {TG: R} (r1); + \draw[->] (R1) -- node[above,rotate=-74] {TG: R} (r2); + \end{tikzpicture} +\end{document} diff --git a/doc/manual/intro/fig/trunk_net_ex4a.tex b/doc/manual/intro/fig/trunk_net_ex4a.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7319c17d --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/manual/intro/fig/trunk_net_ex4a.tex @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +\documentclass{standalone} +\usepackage{tikz} +\usetikzlibrary{shapes.geometric} +\input{repeater} +\begin{document} + \begin{tikzpicture}[every node/.style={scale=.8}] + \activeuser{r1}{ 0,0}{Reinigung 1}; + \activeuser{r2}{ 2,0}{Reinigung 2}; + \draw[dotted] (3,4) -- (3,-1); + \user{s1}{ 4,0}{Sicherheit 1}; + \user{z} { 6,0}{Zentrale}; + \draw[dotted] (7,4) -- (7,-1); + \user{s2}{ 8,0}{Sicherheit 2}; + \user{r3}{10,0}{Reinigung 3}; + \activerepeater{R1}{1,3}{Terminal 1, TG: R,S}; + \repeater{R2}{5,3}{Terminal 2, TG: R,S}; + \activerepeater{R3}{9,3}{Vorfeld, TG: S,(R)}; + \draw[->] (r3) -- node[above,rotate=-74] {TG: R} (R3); + \path[->,dashed] (R3) edge [bend right] node[above] {via Netzwerk} (R1); + \draw[->] (R1) -- node[above,rotate=74] {TG: R} (r1); + \draw[->] (R1) -- node[above,rotate=-74] {TG: R} (r2); + \end{tikzpicture} +\end{document} diff --git a/doc/manual/intro/fig/trunk_net_ex4b.tex b/doc/manual/intro/fig/trunk_net_ex4b.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000..5e6d8501 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/manual/intro/fig/trunk_net_ex4b.tex @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +\documentclass{standalone} +\usepackage{tikz} +\usetikzlibrary{shapes.geometric} +\input{repeater} +\begin{document} + \begin{tikzpicture}[every node/.style={scale=.8}] + \activeuser{r1}{ 0,0}{Reinigung 1}; + \activeuser{r2}{ 2,0}{Reinigung 2}; + \draw[dotted] (3,4) -- (3,-1); + \user{s1}{ 4,0}{Sicherheit 1}; + \activeuser{z} { 6,0}{Zentrale}; + \draw[dotted] (7,4) -- (7,-1); + \user{s2}{ 8,0}{Sicherheit 2}; + \activeuser{r3}{10,0}{Reinigung 3}; + \activerepeater{R1}{1,3}{Terminal 1, TG: R,S}; + \activerepeater{R2}{5,3}{Terminal 2, TG: R,S}; + \activerepeater{R3}{9,3}{Vorfeld, TG: S,(R)}; + \draw[->] (z) -- node[above,rotate=-74] {TG: R} (R2); + \path[->,dashed] (R2) edge [bend right] node[above] {via Netzwerk} (R1); + \path[->,dashed] (R2) edge [bend left] node[above] {via Netzwerk} (R3); + \draw[->] (R1) -- node[above,rotate=74] {TG: R} (r1); + \draw[->] (R1) -- node[above,rotate=-74] {TG: R} (r2); + \draw[->] (R3) -- node[above,rotate=-74] {TG: R} (r3); + \end{tikzpicture} +\end{document} diff --git a/doc/manual/intro/introduction.xml b/doc/manual/intro/introduction.xml index 305b8f97..de58497d 100644 --- a/doc/manual/intro/introduction.xml +++ b/doc/manual/intro/introduction.xml @@ -31,5 +31,12 @@ + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/doc/manual/intro/local.xml b/doc/manual/intro/local.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000..3d3dce0b --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/manual/intro/local.xml @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ + + +
+ + + Local Repeater Operation + + + + One central objective of DMR is to be repeater transparent. That is, it does not matter which + repeater you use. You will always be able to reach the same groups. An be always reachable + through the same means (private or group call). This concept is violated by the talk groups 8 + & 9. The are the regional and local talk groups. + + + + Two regions with two repeaters each. + + + + + + + The talk group 9 (TG9) is the so-called local talk group. Group calls to that talk group are not + forwarded though the network and only retransmitted locally. Usually locally means + only be the repeater. Sometimes, however, these calls are also forwarded to other repeaters + nearby. This case is shown in on the left side. Here DM3MAT sends + a group call to TG9 via the repeater DB0ABC. This call is not forwarded to any other repeater and + thus is only received in the local area around the repeater. DL1XYZ is in that local area and may + receive that call if he configured his radio to receive calls from the TG9. + + + + The talk group 8 (TG8) is the so-called regional talk group. A call to that talk group is usually + forwarded to all repeaters within a specific region. Which repeaters are part of a + region, is a decision of the repeater administrators. So it is hard to predict to + which repeaters a regional call gets forwarded. In on the right + side, DL3XYZ sends a group call to TG8 to the repeater DB0GHI. This call then gets forwarded to + all repeaters in the region. In this case, also to the repeater DB0JKL within the + same region. Therefore, all participants within that region are able to receive the group call + if they configured their radios accordingly. In this example, not only DL4XYZ received the call + but also DL5XYZ who is not close to the repeater DB0GHI and would have missed a group call to the + local talk group. + +
diff --git a/doc/manual/intro/networks.xml b/doc/manual/intro/networks.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000..6b55bcb1 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/manual/intro/networks.xml @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ + + +
+ + + DMR Networks + + +Sie kennen nun alle wichtigen Konzepte des DMR-Betriebs und auch einige der technischen Details dazu, +wie das Erstellen von Codeplugs. Diese Konzepte gelten jedoch nur uneingeschränkt im sogenannten +Brandmeisternetz. Dies ist jenes Netz im Hintergrund, dass ihre Direkt- oder Gruppenrufe vermittelt und +Repeater miteinander verbindet. In Deutschland ist dies das dominierende Netz. Auch Weltweit sind die +meisten DMR Repeater (c.a., 1500) im Brandmeisternetz miteinander verbunden. Es gibt aber auch andere +DMR Netze. Zum Einen DMR-MARC (c.a., 500 Repeater) und zum Anderen DMR+ (c.a. 150 Repeater). Welches +Netz wo häufiger verwendet wird, hängt stark vom Land ab. So sind in Frankreich, Spanien, den BeNeLux +Staaten, Polen, Tschechien und der Slowakei fasst ausschließlich Brandmeister Repeater im Betrieb. +Während in Dänemark DMR+ deutlich mehr Repeater vernetzt. In Großbritannien, den USA und Österreich +sind DMR-MARC Repeater nicht selten. All diese Netze unterscheiden sich aber nicht technisch voneinander. +Das heißt, die Ihnen zugewiesene DMR-ID ist in allen Netzen gültig und sie können jedes Tier-II DMR +Funkgerät in allen Netzen verwenden. + +Lediglich die Konzepte der einzelnen Netze, vor allem wie Gruppenrufe realisiert werden, ist von Netz +zu Netz verschieden. Das heißt, Sie müssen die Kanäle zu einem DMR+ Repeater leicht anders konfigurieren +als Kanäle zu einem Brandmeister Repeater. + +\subsection{Reflektoren} \label{sec:reflector} \index{Reflektor} +Im DMR+ Netz spielen sogenannte Reflektoren eine zentrale Rolle. Sie entsprechen in etwa den +Sprechgruppen, wie sie im Brandmeisternetz verwendet werden. + +Der wesentliche Unterschied zu Sprechgruppen im Brandmeister Netz ist, dass diese Reflektoren nicht +einfach per Gruppenruf angerufen werden können, sondern zunächst per Direktruf an einem Repeater +temporär abonniert werden müssen. Danach verhalten sich alle Repeater, die diesen Reflektor abonniert +haben, wie eine Gruppe zusammen geschalteter FM Repeater. Das heißt, ein Gruppenruf zur lokalen +Sprechgruppe TG9 wird dann nicht nur lokal ausgesandt, sondern auch über alle Repeater die diesen +Reflektor abonniert haben. + +Dies hat den Vorteil, dass die Konfiguration des Funkgerätes viel einfacher ist: Es müssen lediglich +zwei Kanäle für jeden Repeater angelegt werden. Je einen für jeden Zeitschlitz und jeweils mit dem +Standardkontakt zur TG9. Um einen Reflektor am aktuellen Repeater zu abonnieren, wird einfach ein +Direktruf zu dem Reflektor aus der Kontaktliste heraus gestartet. Dieses Konzept ist auch näher an +den \emph{alten} Konzepten aus dem FM Repeaterbetrieb mit Echolink. Jedoch gehen dadurch modernere +Fähigkeiten des Netzes wie Roaming verloren. Dieses Konzept hat aber auch den Nachteil, dass die +Repeatertransparenz verloren geht. Anstatt einfach einen Gruppenruf zu der gewünschten Sprechgruppe +zu starten, muss zunächst der lokale Repeater \emph{konfiguriert} werden. Erst danach erfolgt alle +Kommunikation über die lokale Sprechgruppe TG9, auch wenn diese Kommunikation alles andere als lokal ist. + +
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/doc/manual/intro/origin.xml b/doc/manual/intro/origin.xml index 5b0f2288..4d723fb4 100644 --- a/doc/manual/intro/origin.xml +++ b/doc/manual/intro/origin.xml @@ -9,4 +9,204 @@ DMR Introduction & Origin + + DMR (digital mobile radio) is a digital radio standard to transmit speech + and data. That is, the speech is not directly modulated on the carrier but digitalized and + compressed first using a lossy compression codec (VOCODER). The speech is then transmitted as + data packets. The latter allows to attach meta-information to the data packet like source and + destination of the packet. + + + + DMR was designed to be the digital replacement for analog trunking + networks in commercial applications. A classic example for such a commercial application + of DMR would be a civil air port. With this, I do not mean the air-traffic radio but all + the communication of the ground staff in and around the actual air port buildings. + + + + At such an imaginary air port, there is a huge staff with a wide variety of tasks. For example + (without any claim of completeness): + + + + The cleaning crew, + technicians, + security staff, + apron staff for refueling, luggage and catering, + the fire brigade and + the headquarters. + + + + All these people carry a radio and should be able to + + + Directly call the headquarters. All staff should be able to call the headquarters + directly. + Direct communication between members of the same group, without interfering with + other groups. For example, the cleaning staff should be able to communicate with each other, + without interfering with the fire brigade. + Each person should be able to call a complete group. For example, the headquarters + may call the entire fire brigade or one member of the security staff may call the entire security + for help. + + + + An air port, however, is a rather large area. Consequently, not all staff members are able to + reach all others. Therefore, some repeaters must be installed to cover the entire air port + including all interiors. + + + + If you compare this scenario with the classic FM repeater networks (see + ), it gets clear that is hard to implement these concepts + using analog FM repeaters. Especially, if several repeaters are connected though a network. In + this case, a single call on one repeater may block the entire network + There are means to implement this concept on analog repeater networks using tone-signaling + techniques (e.g., DTMF, five-tone etc.).. + + + + Certainly, it would be much better if only those repeaters get activated that are actually + required for the communication between two parties. Then, the remaining repeaters are still + available for the rest of the staff. This routing, however, should happen automatically. An + operator may not know, which repeater to use to reach a particular person. + + + + DMR was designed to implements such complex communication networks without requiring from every + participant to have detailed knowledge about the structure of the network. That is, the knowledge + about where every repeater is installed and which participants are reachable on wich repeater. + + + + + DMR is more similar to a phone network that to classic FM repeater networks. + + + + + Speaking of phone networks: Each participant and thus his/her radio is uniquely identified by a + number. The DMR-ID. This is a number between 1 and 16777215. And like for any other phone network, + each participant may call any other directly using this number. This call is called + Private Call. + + + + An there are groups. Each of these so-called Talk Groups is also assigned + a unique number. A talk group can be used to group all staff with a specific task (e.g., the + security, fire brigade, etc.). It is then possible to reach all members of this group at once + by performing a Group Call to that talk group. The network, however, + does not know which participant is member of which group. Consequently, the radio of the participant + needs to know which group calls to accept and which to ignore. + + + + + This point is important to remember: The DMR network does not know which participant is member of + which group. The radio needs to be configured to react on specific group calls. + + + + + Simplified air-port network + + + + + + + There are 3 cleaning staff, two security and one headquarters. To cover the entire area, three + repeaters are required. One in terminal 1, one in Terminal 2 and one on the apron. + + + + is a simplified air port network (in reality, it is much larger + and way more complex). Consider the situation, where a cleaning stuff 1 & 2 want to communicate. + At the same time, the headquarters want to talk to security 1. In an simple analog network, the + call between cleaning 1 & 2 would block the entire network and therefore the call between + the headquarters and security 1. + + + + Simultaneous calls + + + + + + Two Simultaneous private calls in the example network between cleaning 1 & 3 as well as between + headquarters and security 1. + + + + Private calls in DMR networks only use those repeaters, that are actually required to establish + the communication. This is shown in : Cleaning 1 starts a private + call to cleaning 3. As the DMR network knows that cleaning 3 was last active on the apron repeater, + this call gets routed only though repeaters terminal 1 and apron. The repeater in terminal 2, however, + is not affected. Consequently, this repeater remains available for the call between the headquarters + and security 1. + + + + + The network only knows at which repeater each participant was last active. The network will therefore + try to establish a connection though that repeater to the participant. + + + + + During the call between cleaning 1 & 3, the repeaters in terminal 1 and apron are blocked. + This means, that the headquarters may not be able to reach cleaning 2 and security 2 immediately. + This sounds worse than it actually is. In contrast to classic phone networks, a direct call is + considered interrupted, once the calling participant releases the PTT button. To this end, the + headquarters may use the pauses between calls to reach the other participants. + + + + In the next , the headquarters want to reach all cleaning staff. + Therefore, they start a group call to the talk group cleaning (C + for cleaning and S for security). With this + call, it can reach cleaning 1 & 2 immediately. However, cleaning 3 does not receive that call. + + + + This is due to the fact, that the DMR network does not know wich participants are members of + which groups. As the cleaning crew is usually not on the apron, the apron repeater has not + subscribed the talk group cleaning. Therefore, it does not forward group calls + to that talk group. + + + + Temporary subscription of talk groups. + + + + + + + + + + + + + To remain reachable for group calls, cleaning 3 needs to temporarily subscribe the apron repeater + to the cleaning talk group. This can be done by starting a group call to that talk + group on the apron repeater. Then the repeater will temporarily subscribe to that talk group for + a limited amount of time (usually between 10-30min). During that time, the repeater will forward + group calls to that talk group and cleaning 3 remains reachable via that repeater. + + + + This temporary subscription will be renewed every time a participant starts a group call to that + talk group on this repeater. + + + + With these examples, the most basic terms of DMR (DMR-ID, talk group, private and group calls as + well ass talk group subscriptions where introduced and explained on an example network. The + following sections will concern the use DMR in ham radio. + diff --git a/doc/manual/intro/private.xml b/doc/manual/intro/private.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e2658274 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/manual/intro/private.xml @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ + + +
+ + + Private calls + + + + Private calls allow to call other participants directly without interfering with other + calls (except for using the repeater). In the introduction into DMR above, the private call + over several repeaters has been described. I consider this aspect of DMR particularily + interesting. With the exception of TG 8 & 9, private and group calls are transparent + with respect to the repeaters used. It simply does not matter which repeaters are actually + used to establish a connection. Therefore, I as a user do not need ot know where the other + participants are located. + + + + Direct calls between countries. + + + + + + + Consider the typical vacation situation: An OM at his holiday location may want to participate + in his local afternoon net. He can do that by simply starting a group call to the nets talk group + over the repeater at his holiday location. Now the local holiday repeater has subscribed to the + local talk group at home and the OM can participate as usual in the net. The other participants + in the net may not even recognize that the OM is at his holiday location. + + + + In a similar fashion, private calls can be started and received at the holiday location. The + DMR network knows the repeater a participant was last active on. By briefly pressing the PTT + at the holiday repeater, the OM is registered and can now receive private calls at his + holiday location. The friends at home may not even know where the OMs current location is nor + which repeater to use to reach him. The network takes care of that. + + + + shows such a private call between countries. DM3MAT starts a + private call to DL2XYZ using his local repeater DB0ABC. DL2XYZ, however, is at his holiday + location in Italy. As he had registered himself at that repeater, the private call gets + forwarded to the holiday repeater I0ABC in Italy, where DL2XYZ can receive it. DM3MAT does not + need to know the location of the callee nor which repeaters are near to him. This automatic + routing of calls (group and private calls) is a major advantage over the analog FM repeater + network and EchoLink. For the latter, the ID of the destination repeater needs to be known. + +
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/doc/manual/intro/roaming.xml b/doc/manual/intro/roaming.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000..48ef068b --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/manual/intro/roaming.xml @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ + + +
+ + + Roaming + + + + Usually all repeater within a region will subscribe the same talk groups. This allows to operate in + these talk groups a repeater transparent way. It therefore does not matter which repeater is being + used within the region, the same talk group remains reachable. In the region Berlin & + Brandenburg, this it the TG2621. + + + + It therefore makes sense to enter all repeaters into one list that have the same talk groups + subscribed. If the radio now would automatically select a reachable repeater, one could drive around + in the region and would stay connected to these talk groups irrespective of the own position in the + region. This feature exists and is called Roaming. Many of the slightly more + expensive devices support this feature (e.g., AnyTone). The cheapest ones usually do not. + + + + To use this feature, all channels with a certain talk group should be added to a list. The so-called + Roaming Zone. This could actually be done automatically, but the programming + software for these devices is usually not very user friendly. + + + + If the signal strength of the currently selected repeater falls below a certain threshold (usually + -105dBm), the radio will start to search the roaming zone for a repeater which is stronger than + this threshold. This only happens if the radio is in standby. That is, if neither something is received + nor transmitted. + + + + Did the radio find a stronger repeater in the roaming zone, it automatically changes to that repeater. + The new repeater does not neccessarily needs to be the strongest in the zone. It only needs to be + stronger than the threshold. If no stronger repeater is found, the radio remains on the currently + selected one. + + + + This roaming can also be set to manual. This is, the roaming search will only + start if signal strength is lower than the threshold and the PTT is pressed or the search is + started from the menu. + +
diff --git a/doc/manual/intro/simplex.xml b/doc/manual/intro/simplex.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a9577852 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/manual/intro/simplex.xml @@ -0,0 +1,111 @@ + + +
+ + + DMR Simplex Operation + + + + The most simple form of a DMR QSOQSO is a code for call or connection between two + amateur radio stations. is the simplex QSO. That is a direct connection between + two two DMR radios. Like for the DMR repeater operations, this could be a private, group or + so-called All Call. + + + + Simplex private call. + + + + + + + In a simple simplex private call from DM3MAT to DL1XYZ is shown + as well its reply. Both operators transmit and receive on the same frequency (here the DMR calling + channel at 433.450 MHz). Although other operators are in the area (DL2XYZ & DL3XYZ) which + receive the signal, their radios remain silent. This is because this is a private call to a + specific operator and only the radio of that operator will receive the call. All other ignore the + call. The channel, however, remains occupied during that call. + + + + At that point it is worth mentioning, that if DL1XYZ answers directly to the initial call by + pressing the PTT, he will answer with a private call to DM3MAT. He does not need to search for + number of DM3MAT in his address book. The direct answering to calls is only possible for several + seconds after the end of the initial call. After that period (called Hang + Time) a press on the PTT will start a call to the default contact (see + ) associated with the simplex channel. + + + + Simplex group call + + + + + + + It is not only possible to call single operators in simplex mode. Also groups can be called using + group calls. A common talk group for the simplex mode has the number 99, (TG99, for talk + group 99). These group calls are then received by all radios that are configured + accordingly. Like for the repeater operation, also in simplex mode, the radio needs to know which + groups the operator belongs to and therefore which talk groups to receive on which channels. This + is done using so-called Group Lists, which are discussed later. + + + + In such a simplex group call is shown. There DM3MAT calls the + talk group TG99. As DL1XYZ as well as DL2XYZ configured their radios to receive that call on + simplex channels, they do so. DL3XZY did not, so he does not receive the call. DL1XYZ & + DL2XYZ can now respond to that call by pressing on the PTT within the hang time irrespective of + their default contact for the channel. + + + + Simplex all call + + + + + + + To be sure that a simplex call gets received by all operators in the area, a so-called + All Call should be used. This is a special call type to the reserved + number 16777215, that gets received by all radios irrespective of their configuration. For the + , the all call by DM3MAT gets received by all operators including + DL3XYZ. By directly answering within the hang time, all participants are able to respond to that + call with an all call as well. + + + + + In short: A DMR channel consists of a transmit and receive frequency (identical on simplex channels), + a default contact that gets called whenever the PTT button is pressed and a list of group calls + the radio will receive on that channel. + + + + + DMR simplex frequencies + + + + + + + + + + +
The list of eight common DMR simplex channels. The channel S0 is the calling channel.
NameFrequencyNameFrequency
S0 (call)433.4500 MHz S4433.6500 MHz
S1433.6125 MHz S5433.6625 MHz
S2433.6250 MHz S6433.6750 MHz
S3433.6375 MHz S7433.6875 MHz
+ + + lists the common simplex channel frequencies. The channel + S0 is the calling channel. Especially in densely populated areas, you should switch to another + channel for the actual QSO and use S0 only for the initial call. + +
diff --git a/doc/manual/intro/talkgroup.xml b/doc/manual/intro/talkgroup.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000..d99ca93b --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/manual/intro/talkgroup.xml @@ -0,0 +1,97 @@ + + +
+ + + Talk Group Operation + + + + As mentioned in , DMR aims at being repeater transparent. That + is, it does not matter which repeater is used for the operation. This is also true for talk + groups. In this section, I'll continue with the example of a OM at his holiday location who wants + to participate in his afternoon net. For example, the afternoon net is happening on the talk + group 2621 (Berlin/Brandenbug, BB). This talk group is usually statically subscribed on all + repeaters in the states Berlin and Brandenbug. That means that the local afternoon net can be + performed in this talk group without any additional action in this area. (see + top image). + + + + Talk group operation between countries + + + + + + + + + + + + + For the OM at his holiday location, this it not true. An italian repeater will certainly not + subscribe the BB talk group statically. Therefore, the OM at the holiday location will not hear + his afternoon net. He knows when this net starts. So he can perform a group call to the that TG + shortly before the net starts (see second image). This will + subscribe the BB talk group temporarily at the holiday repeater (I0ABC). Now, the OM can hear and + participate in the afternoon net. The subscription will be renewed whenever he starts a group + call to that TG. + + + + Once the OM subscribed the TG to the holiday repeater, he can participate normally at his + afternoon net. All other participants will not even notice that he is not in the area and is + participating from an italien repeater. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Some talk groups +
Name Talk group number
Global 91
Europe 92
Germany 262
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern & Sachsen-Anhalt 2620
Berlin & Brandenburg 2621
Hamburg & Schleswig-Holstein 2622
Niedersachsen & Bremen 2623
Nordrhein-Westfalen 2624
Rheinland-Pfalz & Saarland 2625
Hessen 2626
Baden-Württemberg 2627
Bayern 2628
Sachsen & Thüringen 2629
+ +
+Cluster + + In contrast to the regional talk group TG8, all other talk groups are reachable from everywhere + in the DMR network. This means, that the OM at his holiday location can easily participate in + his afternoon net from everywhere as described above. + + + + If the net, however, is happening in the regional TG8, the OM at his holiday location cannot + participate. This talk group is only reachable from within the region. If the OM starts a call to + TG8, he would only reach the region in italy and not the region at home. + + + + For this reason, some regional clusters of repeaters are linked to + so-called Cluster. These cluster provide normal talk groups for the + repeater within a region. These talk groups are then also reachable from the outside. A list of + regional clusters and their associated talk group numbers can be obtained under + bm262.de/cluster/. + +
+ +
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/doc/manual/intro/textmessages.xml b/doc/manual/intro/textmessages.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f4c1f4ed --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/manual/intro/textmessages.xml @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ + + +
+ + + Data services + + + + As DMR is a digital mode that transports digitalized speech, it is possible to transfer other + data too. Consequently, there are some other digital services provided with DMR. First, there + are text messages similar to the one provided by mobile phones. It is also possible to transfer + the own GPS position to the APRS network. + + + +
+Textmessages (SMS) + + + With this service, you can transfer short text messages to other participants (like a private call) + or to a talk group (like a group call). The latter is rather uncommon and should be avoided. In + principle a text messages works like a private call. If the destination is reachable, the text + message will be routed to it. + + + + There are also service numbers (free of charge). If messages are send to them, certain + information can be retrieved to forwarded to other networks (e.g. to the + DAPNET). In Germany (and other countries) there are: + + + + + 262993 -- GPS and weather + + Send help and you will receive a list of commands. + Send wx and you will receive the weather at the location of + the repeater you used. + Send wx CITY and you will receive the weather at the specified + city. + Send gps and the last GPS position is returned that you have + send to the DMR network. + With gps CALL you can retrieve the last position send by the + specified call. + Send rssi and you will receive a signal report from the + repeater. + + + + 262994 -- Repeater information & pager messages + + Send rpt to receive a list of static an dynamic subscribed + talk groups at the repeater. + Send CALL MESSAGE to send the given message to the given + destination call in the DAPNET. + + + +
+ + +
+Position reporting to the APRS network + + As mentioned in the previous section, it is possible to report the own position via the + DMR network to the APRS network. This position can then be tracked at for example + aprs.fi. To do that, a radio with a build-in + GPS receiver is required. But not even these devices are expensive anymore. Simple DMR + hand-helds with build-in GPS receivers are available for about 120€. + + + Beside the text message services, it is also possible to transmit the position to the DMR + network using a special service number 262999. How the radio is configured to do that, + depends heavily on the device being used. + +
+ +
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/doc/manual/manual_fo.debian.xsl b/doc/manual/manual_fo.debian.xsl index 6d6c29c1..44c643f9 100644 --- a/doc/manual/manual_fo.debian.xsl +++ b/doc/manual/manual_fo.debian.xsl @@ -6,12 +6,12 @@ - 7pt always + appendix nop @@ -26,4 +26,8 @@ section nop set toc + + + + diff --git a/doc/manual/meta/authors.xml b/doc/manual/meta/authors.xml index 8eb65946..ee237744 100644 --- a/doc/manual/meta/authors.xml +++ b/doc/manual/meta/authors.xml @@ -11,17 +11,8 @@ dm3mat@darc.de - University of Potsdam - University of Potsdam - Department of Mathematics -
- Campus Golm, Haus 9 - Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 - D-14476 - Potsdam OT Golm - Brandenburg - Germany -
+ OV Y07 + OV Y07, DARC diff --git a/doc/manual/meta/glossary.xml b/doc/manual/meta/glossary.xml index a8854a05..8f24c8a8 100644 --- a/doc/manual/meta/glossary.xml +++ b/doc/manual/meta/glossary.xml @@ -47,6 +47,10 @@ Color Code + + DAPNET + + EchoLink