Python-Basics.ipynb, Python-Constructs.ipynb: 补充 2020 年内容

- 全面使用 f-string
- 加入 Python 设计理念小结
- 加入 collections 内容

Author: heroxbd

notebooks/Python-Basics.ipynb

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
     "     言，即把不同的程序粘合在一起。\n",
     "   - Python 是一个通用语言，不仅在科学研究，在生活中的方方面面都会有用。\n",
     "     - 操作系统生成器和管理器 (Gentoo Portage)\n",
-    "     - 极简的网站服务器 (https://data-contest.net9.org/)"
+    "     - 网站 (Django)"
    ]
   },
   {
@@ -58,22 +58,23 @@
     "\n",
     "```\n",
     "$ python3\n",
-    "Python 3.5.3 (default, Sep 27 2018, 17:25:39)\n",
-    "[GCC 6.3.0 20170516] on linux\n",
+    "Python 3.7.3 (default, Dec 20 2019, 18:57:59) \n",
+    "[GCC 8.3.0] on linux\n",
     "Type \"help\", \"copyright\", \"credits\" or \"license\" for more information.\n",
-    ">>>\n",
+    ">>> \n",
     "```\n",
     "\n",
     "### IPython 增强的互动环境\n",
     "\n",
     "IPython 是一个提供了额外交互功能的环境：\n",
     "\n",
     "```\n",
+    "# apt install ipython3\n",
     "$ ipython3\n",
-    "Python 3.5.3 (default, Sep 27 2018, 17:25:39)\n",
+    "Python 3.7.3 (default, Dec 20 2019, 18:57:59) \n",
     "Type \"copyright\", \"credits\" or \"license\" for more information.\n",
     "\n",
-    "IPython 5.1.0 -- An enhanced Interactive Python.\n",
+    "IPython 5.8.0 -- An enhanced Interactive Python.\n",
     "?         -> Introduction and overview of IPython's features.\n",
     "%quickref -> Quick reference.\n",
     "help      -> Python's own help system.\n",
@@ -85,7 +86,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 3,
+   "execution_count": 1,
    "metadata": {
     "slideshow": {
      "slide_type": "subslide"
@@ -95,10 +96,10 @@
     {
      "data": {
       "text/plain": [
-       "'3.6.5 (default, Apr 25 2018, 20:23:05) \\n[GCC 6.4.0]'"
+       "'3.6.10 (default, Apr 17 2020, 18:23:05) \\n[GCC 9.2.0]'"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 3,
+     "execution_count": 1,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -687,6 +688,46 @@
     "与高精度整数一样，字符串也没有硬件的对应，是 Python 的软件实现。这极大方便了使用 Python 进行文本处理。"
    ]
   },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 9,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "'今天下雨了'"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 9,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\"今天\" + \"下雨了\""
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 10,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "'12'"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 10,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "\"1\" + \"2\""
+   ]
+  },
   {
    "cell_type": "markdown",
    "metadata": {
@@ -695,7 +736,7 @@
     }
    },
    "source": [
-    "## 入门\n",
+    "## 入门 Python\n",
     "输出\"Hello World!\""
    ]
   },
@@ -733,7 +774,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 74,
+   "execution_count": 3,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -748,13 +789,61 @@
     "message = \"This is an new era. 新时代\"\n",
     "print(message)"
    ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {
+    "slideshow": {
+     "slide_type": "slide"
+    }
+   },
+   "source": [
+    "## 标准输入输出\n",
+    "\n",
+    "- 标准输出默认与屏幕连接，`print()` 默认向标准输出写\n",
+    "- 标准输入默认与键盘连接，`input()` 默认从标准输入读"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 7,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Who am I?\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "q = input() # 下面由现场输入"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 8,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Who am I?\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "print(q)"
+   ]
   }
  ],
  "metadata": {
   "celltoolbar": "Slideshow",
   "kernelspec": {
    "display_name": "Python 3",
-   "language": "python3",
+   "language": "python",
    "name": "python3"
   },
   "language_info": {
@@ -767,7 +856,7 @@
    "name": "python",
    "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
    "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
-   "version": "3.6.5"
+   "version": "3.6.10"
   }
  },
  "nbformat": 4,