diff --git a/ground/src/main/java/com/google/android/ground/MainActivity.kt b/ground/src/main/java/com/google/android/ground/MainActivity.kt
index d085ad4460..cb973d30e8 100644
--- a/ground/src/main/java/com/google/android/ground/MainActivity.kt
+++ b/ground/src/main/java/com/google/android/ground/MainActivity.kt
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import android.app.AlertDialog
 import android.content.Intent
 import android.os.Bundle
 import android.view.ViewGroup
+import androidx.activity.OnBackPressedCallback
 import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatDelegate
 import androidx.compose.runtime.getValue
 import androidx.compose.runtime.mutableStateOf
@@ -85,6 +86,18 @@ class MainActivity : AbstractActivity() {
     lifecycleScope.launch {
       viewModel.navigationRequests.filterNotNull().collect { updateUi(binding.root, it) }
     }
+
+    onBackPressedDispatcher.addCallback(
+      this,
+      object : OnBackPressedCallback(true) {
+        override fun handleOnBackPressed() {
+          if (!dispatchBackPressed()) {
+            isEnabled = false
+            onBackPressedDispatcher.onBackPressed()
+          }
+        }
+      },
+    )
   }
 
   private fun updateUi(viewGroup: ViewGroup, uiState: MainUiState) {
@@ -182,11 +195,6 @@ class MainActivity : AbstractActivity() {
     }
   }
 
-  @Deprecated("Deprecated in Java")
-  override fun onBackPressed() {
-    if (!dispatchBackPressed()) super.onBackPressed()
-  }
-
   private fun dispatchBackPressed(): Boolean {
     val fragmentManager = navHostFragment.childFragmentManager
     val currentFragment = fragmentManager.findFragmentById(R.id.nav_host_fragment)
diff --git a/ground/src/main/java/com/google/android/ground/persistence/remote/firebase/schema/SurveyConverter.kt b/ground/src/main/java/com/google/android/ground/persistence/remote/firebase/schema/SurveyConverter.kt
index 4a89940ca3..489823aab2 100644
--- a/ground/src/main/java/com/google/android/ground/persistence/remote/firebase/schema/SurveyConverter.kt
+++ b/ground/src/main/java/com/google/android/ground/persistence/remote/firebase/schema/SurveyConverter.kt
@@ -32,21 +32,41 @@ internal object SurveyConverter {
   fun toSurvey(doc: DocumentSnapshot, jobs: List<Job> = listOf()): SurveyModel {
     if (!doc.exists()) throw DataStoreException("Missing survey")
 
-    val surveyFromProto = SurveyProto::class.parseFrom(doc, 1)
-    val jobMap = jobs.associateBy { it.id }
-    val dataSharingTerms =
-      if (surveyFromProto.dataSharingTerms.type == Survey.DataSharingTerms.Type.TYPE_UNSPECIFIED) {
-        null
-      } else {
-        surveyFromProto.dataSharingTerms
-      }
-    return SurveyModel(
-      surveyFromProto.id.ifEmpty { doc.id },
-      surveyFromProto.name,
-      surveyFromProto.description,
-      jobMap.toPersistentMap(),
-      surveyFromProto.aclMap.entries.associate { it.key to it.value.toString() },
+    val surveyFromProto = parseSurveyFromDocument(doc)
+    val jobMap = convertJobsToMap(jobs)
+    val dataSharingTerms = getDataSharingTerms(surveyFromProto)
+
+    return createSurveyModel(doc, surveyFromProto, jobMap, dataSharingTerms)
+  }
+
+  /** Parse survey data from the DocumentSnapshot. */
+  private fun parseSurveyFromDocument(doc: DocumentSnapshot): SurveyProto =
+    SurveyProto::class.parseFrom(doc, 1)
+
+  /** Convert a list of jobs into a map for easy lookup. */
+  private fun convertJobsToMap(jobs: List<Job>): Map<String, Job> = jobs.associateBy { it.id }
+
+  /** Extract dataSharingTerms from survey. */
+  private fun getDataSharingTerms(surveyProto: SurveyProto): Survey.DataSharingTerms? =
+    if (surveyProto.dataSharingTerms.type == Survey.DataSharingTerms.Type.TYPE_UNSPECIFIED) {
+      null
+    } else {
+      surveyProto.dataSharingTerms
+    }
+
+  /** Build SurveyModel from parsed data. */
+  private fun createSurveyModel(
+    doc: DocumentSnapshot,
+    surveyProto: SurveyProto,
+    jobMap: Map<String, Job>,
+    dataSharingTerms: Survey.DataSharingTerms?,
+  ): SurveyModel =
+    SurveyModel(
+      id = surveyProto.id.ifEmpty { doc.id },
+      title = surveyProto.name,
+      description = surveyProto.description,
+      jobMap = jobMap.toPersistentMap(),
+      acl = surveyProto.aclMap.entries.associate { it.key to it.value.toString() },
       dataSharingTerms = dataSharingTerms,
     )
-  }
 }