diff --git a/src/main/scala/com/fluency03/blockchain/Util.scala b/src/main/scala/com/fluency03/blockchain/Util.scala
index 8c02304..8eb9b2a 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/com/fluency03/blockchain/Util.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/com/fluency03/blockchain/Util.scala
@@ -2,6 +2,9 @@ package com.fluency03.blockchain
 
 import java.security.MessageDigest
 import java.time.Instant
+
+import akka.http.scaladsl.model.{StatusCode, StatusCodes}
+import com.fluency03.blockchain.api.{FailureMsg, Message, SuccessMsg}
 import org.bouncycastle.util.encoders.Base64
 
 object Util {
@@ -60,4 +63,22 @@ object Util {
    */
   def fromBase64(base64: String): String = new String(Base64.decode(base64), "UTF-8")
 
+  /**
+   * Return either SuccessMsg (if fun successfully returned a String) or FailureMsg (if fun failed).
+   */
+  def failsafeMsg(fun: => String): Message =
+    try { SuccessMsg(fun) }
+    catch {
+      case e: Exception => FailureMsg(e.getMessage)
+    }
+
+  /**
+   * Return either SuccessMsg (if fun successfully returned a String) or FailureMsg (if fun failed).
+   */
+  def failsafeResp(fun: => String): (StatusCode, Message) =
+    try { (StatusCodes.OK, SuccessMsg(fun)) }
+    catch {
+      case e: Exception => (StatusCodes.InternalServerError, FailureMsg(e.getMessage))
+    }
+
 }
diff --git a/src/main/scala/com/fluency03/blockchain/api/Message.scala b/src/main/scala/com/fluency03/blockchain/api/Message.scala
index 010bc45..009208a 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/com/fluency03/blockchain/api/Message.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/com/fluency03/blockchain/api/Message.scala
@@ -3,5 +3,5 @@ package com.fluency03.blockchain.api
 final case class Input(content: String)
 
 sealed trait Message
-final case class SuccessMsg(content: String) extends Message
-final case class FailureMsg(content: String) extends Message
+final case class SuccessMsg(message: String) extends Message
+final case class FailureMsg(error: String) extends Message
diff --git a/src/main/scala/com/fluency03/blockchain/api/package.scala b/src/main/scala/com/fluency03/blockchain/api/package.scala
index 2b57685..6fdf96d 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/com/fluency03/blockchain/api/package.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/com/fluency03/blockchain/api/package.scala
@@ -16,4 +16,7 @@ package object api {
 
   val PARENT_UP = "../"
 
+
+
+
 }
diff --git a/src/main/scala/com/fluency03/blockchain/api/routes/BlockRoutes.scala b/src/main/scala/com/fluency03/blockchain/api/routes/BlockRoutes.scala
index 66c8080..f504c22 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/com/fluency03/blockchain/api/routes/BlockRoutes.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/com/fluency03/blockchain/api/routes/BlockRoutes.scala
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ trait BlockRoutes extends RoutesSupport {
           entity(as[Block]) { block =>
             val blockCreated: Future[Message] = (blocksActor ? CreateBlock(block)).mapTo[Message]
             onSuccess(blockCreated) {
-              case SuccessMsg(content) => complete((StatusCodes.Created, content))
-              case FailureMsg(content) => complete((StatusCodes.Conflict, content))
+              case s: SuccessMsg => complete((StatusCodes.Created, s))
+              case f: FailureMsg => complete((StatusCodes.Conflict, f))
             }
           }
         }
@@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ trait BlockRoutes extends RoutesSupport {
         delete {
           val blockDeleted: Future[Message] = (blocksActor ? DeleteBlock(hash)).mapTo[Message]
           onSuccess(blockDeleted) {
-            case SuccessMsg(content) => complete((StatusCodes.OK, content))
-            case FailureMsg(content) => complete((StatusCodes.NotFound, content))
+            case s: SuccessMsg => complete((StatusCodes.OK, s))
+            case f: FailureMsg => complete((StatusCodes.NotFound, f))
           }
         }
       }
diff --git a/src/main/scala/com/fluency03/blockchain/api/routes/BlockchainRoutes.scala b/src/main/scala/com/fluency03/blockchain/api/routes/BlockchainRoutes.scala
index 7da7ad7..753f7a6 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/com/fluency03/blockchain/api/routes/BlockchainRoutes.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/com/fluency03/blockchain/api/routes/BlockchainRoutes.scala
@@ -31,16 +31,16 @@ trait BlockchainRoutes extends RoutesSupport {
           entity(as[JValue]) { _ =>
             val blockchainCreated: Future[Message] = (blockchainActor ? CreateBlockchain).mapTo[Message]
             onSuccess(blockchainCreated) {
-              case SuccessMsg(content) => complete((StatusCodes.Created, content))
-              case FailureMsg(content) => complete((StatusCodes.Conflict, content))
+              case s: SuccessMsg => complete((StatusCodes.Created, s))
+              case f: FailureMsg => complete((StatusCodes.Conflict, f))
             }
           }
         } ~
         delete {
           val blockchainDeleted: Future[Message] = (blockchainActor ? DeleteBlockchain).mapTo[Message]
           onSuccess(blockchainDeleted) {
-            case SuccessMsg(content) => complete((StatusCodes.OK, content))
-            case FailureMsg(content) => complete((StatusCodes.NotFound, content))
+            case s: SuccessMsg => complete((StatusCodes.OK, s))
+            case f: FailureMsg => complete((StatusCodes.NotFound, f))
           }
         }
       }
diff --git a/src/main/scala/com/fluency03/blockchain/api/routes/GenericRoutes.scala b/src/main/scala/com/fluency03/blockchain/api/routes/GenericRoutes.scala
index a0a87d7..5001766 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/com/fluency03/blockchain/api/routes/GenericRoutes.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/com/fluency03/blockchain/api/routes/GenericRoutes.scala
@@ -10,43 +10,41 @@ import akka.http.scaladsl.server.Route
 import akka.http.scaladsl.server.directives.MethodDirectives.post
 import akka.http.scaladsl.server.directives.RouteDirectives.complete
 import com.fluency03.blockchain.Util._
-import com.fluency03.blockchain.api.Input
+import com.fluency03.blockchain.api.{FailureMsg, Input, SuccessMsg}
 
 trait GenericRoutes extends RoutesSupport {
   lazy val log = Logging(system, classOf[GenericRoutes])
 
-
-
   lazy val genericRoutes: Route =
     pathSingleSlash {
       get {
-        complete("Welcome to Blockchain in Scala!")
+        complete(SuccessMsg(SLOGAN))
       }
     } ~
-      pathPrefix("generic") {
-        path("toSha256") {
+      pathPrefix(GENERIC) {
+        path(TO_SHA256) {
           post {
-            entity(as[Input]) { in => complete((StatusCodes.Created, in.content.toSha256)) }
+            entity(as[Input]) { in => complete( failsafeResp { in.content.toSha256 } ) }
           }
         } ~
-        path("toBase64") {
+        path(TO_BASE64) {
           post {
-            entity(as[Input]) { in => complete((StatusCodes.Created, in.content.toBase64)) }
+            entity(as[Input]) { in => complete( failsafeResp { in.content.toBase64 } ) }
           }
         } ~
-        path("fromBase64") {
+        path(FROM_BASE64) {
           post {
-            entity(as[Input]) { in => complete((StatusCodes.Created, fromBase64(in.content))) }
+            entity(as[Input]) { in => complete( failsafeResp { fromBase64(in.content) } ) }
           }
         } ~
-        path("epoch-time") {
+        path(TO_EPOCH_TIME) {
           post {
-            entity(as[Input]) { in => complete((StatusCodes.Created, epochTimeOf(in.content))) }
+            entity(as[Input]) { in => complete( failsafeResp { epochTimeOf(in.content).toString } ) }
           }
         } ~
-        path("time-of-epoch") {
+        path(TIME_FROM_EPOCH) {
           post {
-            entity(as[Input]) { in => complete((StatusCodes.Created, Instant.ofEpochSecond(in.content.toLong))) }
+            entity(as[Input]) { in => complete( failsafeResp { Instant.ofEpochSecond(in.content.toLong).toString } ) }
           }
         }
       }
diff --git a/src/main/scala/com/fluency03/blockchain/api/routes/NetworkRoutes.scala b/src/main/scala/com/fluency03/blockchain/api/routes/NetworkRoutes.scala
index 9e0d9ff..e885914 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/com/fluency03/blockchain/api/routes/NetworkRoutes.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/com/fluency03/blockchain/api/routes/NetworkRoutes.scala
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ trait NetworkRoutes extends RoutesSupport {
           entity(as[PeerSimple]) { peer =>
             val peerCreated: Future[Message] = (networkActor ? CreatePeer(peer.name)).mapTo[Message]
             onSuccess(peerCreated) {
-              case SuccessMsg(content) => complete((StatusCodes.Created, content))
-              case FailureMsg(content) => complete((StatusCodes.Conflict, content))
+              case s: SuccessMsg => complete((StatusCodes.Created, s))
+              case f: FailureMsg => complete((StatusCodes.Conflict, f))
             }
           }
         }
@@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ trait NetworkRoutes extends RoutesSupport {
           delete {
             val peerDeleted: Future[Message] = (networkActor ? DeletePeer(name)).mapTo[Message]
             onSuccess(peerDeleted) {
-              case SuccessMsg(content) => complete((StatusCodes.OK, content))
-              case FailureMsg(content) => complete((StatusCodes.NotFound, content))
+              case s: SuccessMsg => complete((StatusCodes.OK, s))
+              case f: FailureMsg => complete((StatusCodes.NotFound, f))
             }
           }
       }
diff --git a/src/main/scala/com/fluency03/blockchain/api/routes/TransactionRoutes.scala b/src/main/scala/com/fluency03/blockchain/api/routes/TransactionRoutes.scala
index a9dc8c0..64e8553 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/com/fluency03/blockchain/api/routes/TransactionRoutes.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/com/fluency03/blockchain/api/routes/TransactionRoutes.scala
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ trait TransactionRoutes extends RoutesSupport {
           entity(as[Transaction]) { tx =>
             val txCreated: Future[Message] = (transActor ? CreateTransaction(tx)).mapTo[Message]
             onSuccess(txCreated) {
-              case SuccessMsg(content) => complete((StatusCodes.Created, content))
-              case FailureMsg(content) => complete((StatusCodes.Conflict, content))
+              case s: SuccessMsg => complete((StatusCodes.Created, s))
+              case f: FailureMsg => complete((StatusCodes.Conflict, f))
             }
           }
         }
@@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ trait TransactionRoutes extends RoutesSupport {
         delete {
           val txDeleted: Future[Message] = (transActor ? DeleteTransaction(id)).mapTo[Message]
           onSuccess(txDeleted) {
-            case SuccessMsg(content) => complete((StatusCodes.OK, content))
-            case FailureMsg(content) => complete((StatusCodes.NotFound, content))
+            case s: SuccessMsg => complete((StatusCodes.OK, s))
+            case f: FailureMsg => complete((StatusCodes.NotFound, f))
           }
         }
       }
diff --git a/src/main/scala/com/fluency03/blockchain/api/routes/package.scala b/src/main/scala/com/fluency03/blockchain/api/routes/package.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..18ac220
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/scala/com/fluency03/blockchain/api/routes/package.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+package com.fluency03.blockchain.api
+
+package object routes {
+
+  // generics
+  val SLASH = "/"
+  val GENERIC = "generic"
+  val TO_SHA256 = "to-sha256"
+  val TO_BASE64 = "to-base64"
+  val FROM_BASE64 = "from-base64"
+  val TO_EPOCH_TIME = "to-epoch-time"
+  val TIME_FROM_EPOCH = "time-from-epoch"
+
+  def pathOf(seg: String*): String = SLASH + seg.mkString(SLASH)
+
+}
diff --git a/src/test/scala/com/fluency03/blockchain/api/MessageTest.scala b/src/test/scala/com/fluency03/blockchain/api/MessageTest.scala
index e8de957..fc6c8db 100644
--- a/src/test/scala/com/fluency03/blockchain/api/MessageTest.scala
+++ b/src/test/scala/com/fluency03/blockchain/api/MessageTest.scala
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ class MessageTest extends FlatSpec with Matchers {
 
   "A Message" should "contain valid content." in {
     SuccessMsg("Response test.") shouldBe a[Message]
-    SuccessMsg("Response test.").content shouldEqual "Response test."
+    SuccessMsg("Response test.").message shouldEqual "Response test."
   }
 
   "A Input" should "contain valid content." in {
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ class MessageTest extends FlatSpec with Matchers {
 
   "A Fail" should "contain valid content." in {
     FailureMsg("Error") shouldBe a[Message]
-    FailureMsg("Error").content shouldEqual "Error"
+    FailureMsg("Error").error shouldEqual "Error"
   }
 
 }
diff --git a/src/test/scala/com/fluency03/blockchain/api/routes/BlockRoutesTest.scala b/src/test/scala/com/fluency03/blockchain/api/routes/BlockRoutesTest.scala
index 1496b08..486af66 100644
--- a/src/test/scala/com/fluency03/blockchain/api/routes/BlockRoutesTest.scala
+++ b/src/test/scala/com/fluency03/blockchain/api/routes/BlockRoutesTest.scala
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 package com.fluency03.blockchain.api.routes
 
-class BlockRoutesTest {
+import akka.http.scaladsl.testkit.ScalatestRouteTest
+import org.scalatest.{Matchers, WordSpec}
+
+class BlockRoutesTest extends WordSpec with Matchers with ScalatestRouteTest {
 
 }
diff --git a/src/test/scala/com/fluency03/blockchain/api/routes/BlockchainRoutesTest.scala b/src/test/scala/com/fluency03/blockchain/api/routes/BlockchainRoutesTest.scala
index e4e2a6f..2b8a8a1 100644
--- a/src/test/scala/com/fluency03/blockchain/api/routes/BlockchainRoutesTest.scala
+++ b/src/test/scala/com/fluency03/blockchain/api/routes/BlockchainRoutesTest.scala
@@ -1,5 +1,12 @@
 package com.fluency03.blockchain.api.routes
 
-class BlockchainRoutesTest {
+import akka.http.scaladsl.testkit.ScalatestRouteTest
+import org.scalatest.{Matchers, WordSpec}
+
+class BlockchainRoutesTest extends WordSpec with Matchers with ScalatestRouteTest {
+
+
+
+
 
 }
diff --git a/src/test/scala/com/fluency03/blockchain/api/routes/GenericRoutesTest.scala b/src/test/scala/com/fluency03/blockchain/api/routes/GenericRoutesTest.scala
index b2c4a9f..7b3e445 100644
--- a/src/test/scala/com/fluency03/blockchain/api/routes/GenericRoutesTest.scala
+++ b/src/test/scala/com/fluency03/blockchain/api/routes/GenericRoutesTest.scala
@@ -1,5 +1,52 @@
 package com.fluency03.blockchain.api.routes
 
-class GenericRoutesTest {
+import akka.http.scaladsl.model.StatusCodes
+import akka.http.scaladsl.testkit.ScalatestRouteTest
+import com.fluency03.blockchain.api.{Input, JsonSupport, SuccessMsg}
+import org.scalatest.{Matchers, WordSpec}
+import com.fluency03.blockchain.api.Server.genericRoutes
+
+class GenericRoutesTest extends WordSpec with Matchers with ScalatestRouteTest with JsonSupport {
+
+  "GenericRoutes" should {
+    "return a greeting for GET requests to the root path." in {
+      Get() ~> genericRoutes ~> check {
+        status shouldEqual StatusCodes.OK
+        responseAs[SuccessMsg] shouldEqual SuccessMsg("Welcome to Blockchain in Scala!")
+      }
+    }
+
+    "return corresponding value." in {
+      Post(pathOf(GENERIC, TO_SHA256), Input("open sesame")) ~> genericRoutes ~> check {
+        status shouldEqual StatusCodes.OK
+        responseAs[SuccessMsg] shouldEqual SuccessMsg("41ef4bb0b23661e66301aac36066912dac037827b4ae63a7b1165a5aa93ed4eb")
+      }
+
+      Post(pathOf(GENERIC, TO_SHA256), Input("")) ~> genericRoutes ~> check {
+        status shouldEqual StatusCodes.OK
+        responseAs[SuccessMsg] shouldEqual SuccessMsg("e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855")
+      }
+
+      Post(pathOf(GENERIC, TO_BASE64), Input("open sesame")) ~> genericRoutes ~> check {
+        status shouldEqual StatusCodes.OK
+        responseAs[SuccessMsg] shouldEqual SuccessMsg("b3BlbiBzZXNhbWU=")
+      }
+
+      Post(pathOf(GENERIC, FROM_BASE64), Input("b3BlbiBzZXNhbWU=")) ~> genericRoutes ~> check {
+        status shouldEqual StatusCodes.OK
+        responseAs[SuccessMsg] shouldEqual SuccessMsg("open sesame")
+      }
+
+      Post(pathOf(GENERIC, TO_EPOCH_TIME), Input("2018-04-11T18:52:01Z")) ~> genericRoutes ~> check {
+        status shouldEqual StatusCodes.OK
+        responseAs[SuccessMsg] shouldEqual SuccessMsg("1523472721")
+      }
+
+      Post(pathOf(GENERIC, TIME_FROM_EPOCH), Input("1523472721")) ~> genericRoutes ~> check {
+        status shouldEqual StatusCodes.OK
+        responseAs[SuccessMsg] shouldEqual SuccessMsg("2018-04-11T18:52:01Z")
+      }
+    }
+  }
 
 }
diff --git a/src/test/scala/com/fluency03/blockchain/api/routes/NetworkRoutesTest.scala b/src/test/scala/com/fluency03/blockchain/api/routes/NetworkRoutesTest.scala
index ec99e99..f5f013d 100644
--- a/src/test/scala/com/fluency03/blockchain/api/routes/NetworkRoutesTest.scala
+++ b/src/test/scala/com/fluency03/blockchain/api/routes/NetworkRoutesTest.scala
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 package com.fluency03.blockchain.api.routes
 
-class NetworkRoutesTest {
+import akka.http.scaladsl.testkit.ScalatestRouteTest
+import org.scalatest.{Matchers, WordSpec}
+
+class NetworkRoutesTest extends WordSpec with Matchers with ScalatestRouteTest {
 
 }
diff --git a/src/test/scala/com/fluency03/blockchain/api/routes/TransactionRoutesTest.scala b/src/test/scala/com/fluency03/blockchain/api/routes/TransactionRoutesTest.scala
index fdaa75d..7788748 100644
--- a/src/test/scala/com/fluency03/blockchain/api/routes/TransactionRoutesTest.scala
+++ b/src/test/scala/com/fluency03/blockchain/api/routes/TransactionRoutesTest.scala
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 package com.fluency03.blockchain.api.routes
 
-class TransactionRoutesTest {
+import akka.http.scaladsl.testkit.ScalatestRouteTest
+import org.scalatest.{Matchers, WordSpec}
+
+class TransactionRoutesTest extends WordSpec with Matchers with ScalatestRouteTest {
 
 }