diff --git a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/Inference/AnalyseFunctions.ts b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/Inference/AnalyseFunctions.ts
index 2bd46abc1f7..eed8946c814 100644
--- a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/Inference/AnalyseFunctions.ts
+++ b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/Inference/AnalyseFunctions.ts
@@ -20,10 +20,11 @@ import {inferReactiveScopeVariables} from '../ReactiveScopes';
 import {rewriteInstructionKindsBasedOnReassignment} from '../SSA';
 import {inferMutableRanges} from './InferMutableRanges';
 import inferReferenceEffects from './InferReferenceEffects';
-import {assertExhaustive} from '../Utils/utils';
+import {assertExhaustive, retainWhere} from '../Utils/utils';
 import {inferMutationAliasingEffects} from './InferMutationAliasingEffects';
 import {inferFunctionExpressionAliasingEffectsSignature} from './InferFunctionExpressionAliasingEffectsSignature';
 import {inferMutationAliasingRanges} from './InferMutationAliasingRanges';
+import {hashEffect} from './AliasingEffects';
 
 export default function analyseFunctions(func: HIRFunction): void {
   for (const [_, block] of func.body.blocks) {
@@ -81,6 +82,17 @@ function lowerWithMutationAliasing(fn: HIRFunction): void {
     fn.aliasingEffects ??= [];
     fn.aliasingEffects?.push(...effects);
   }
+  if (fn.aliasingEffects != null) {
+    const seen = new Set<string>();
+    retainWhere(fn.aliasingEffects, effect => {
+      const hash = hashEffect(effect);
+      if (seen.has(hash)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      seen.add(hash);
+      return true;
+    });
+  }
 
   /**
    * Phase 2: populate the Effect of each context variable to use in inferring
diff --git a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/Inference/InferMutationAliasingEffects.ts b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/Inference/InferMutationAliasingEffects.ts
index 93f00508b20..0ef421ad6bf 100644
--- a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/Inference/InferMutationAliasingEffects.ts
+++ b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/Inference/InferMutationAliasingEffects.ts
@@ -362,6 +362,11 @@ function inferBlock(
   } else if (terminal.kind === 'maybe-throw') {
     const handlerParam = context.catchHandlers.get(terminal.handler);
     if (handlerParam != null) {
+      CompilerError.invariant(state.kind(handlerParam) != null, {
+        reason:
+          'Expected catch binding to be intialized with a DeclareLocal Catch instruction',
+        loc: terminal.loc,
+      });
       const effects: Array<AliasingEffect> = [];
       for (const instr of block.instructions) {
         if (
@@ -476,14 +481,14 @@ function applySignature(
    * Track which values we've already aliased once, so that we can switch to
    * appendAlias() for subsequent aliases into the same value
    */
-  const aliased = new Set<IdentifierId>();
+  const initialized = new Set<IdentifierId>();
 
   if (DEBUG) {
     console.log(printInstruction(instruction));
   }
 
   for (const effect of signature.effects) {
-    applyEffect(context, state, effect, aliased, effects);
+    applyEffect(context, state, effect, initialized, effects);
   }
   if (DEBUG) {
     console.log(
@@ -508,7 +513,7 @@ function applyEffect(
   context: Context,
   state: InferenceState,
   _effect: AliasingEffect,
-  aliased: Set<IdentifierId>,
+  initialized: Set<IdentifierId>,
   effects: Array<AliasingEffect>,
 ): void {
   const effect = context.internEffect(_effect);
@@ -524,6 +529,13 @@ function applyEffect(
       break;
     }
     case 'Create': {
+      CompilerError.invariant(!initialized.has(effect.into.identifier.id), {
+        reason: `Cannot re-initialize variable within an instruction`,
+        description: `Re-initialized ${printPlace(effect.into)} in ${printAliasingEffect(effect)}`,
+        loc: effect.into.loc,
+      });
+      initialized.add(effect.into.identifier.id);
+
       let value = context.effectInstructionValueCache.get(effect);
       if (value == null) {
         value = {
@@ -538,6 +550,7 @@ function applyEffect(
         reason: new Set([effect.reason]),
       });
       state.define(effect.into, value);
+      effects.push(effect);
       break;
     }
     case 'ImmutableCapture': {
@@ -555,6 +568,13 @@ function applyEffect(
       break;
     }
     case 'CreateFrom': {
+      CompilerError.invariant(!initialized.has(effect.into.identifier.id), {
+        reason: `Cannot re-initialize variable within an instruction`,
+        description: `Re-initialized ${printPlace(effect.into)} in ${printAliasingEffect(effect)}`,
+        loc: effect.into.loc,
+      });
+      initialized.add(effect.into.identifier.id);
+
       const fromValue = state.kind(effect.from);
       let value = context.effectInstructionValueCache.get(effect);
       if (value == null) {
@@ -573,10 +593,21 @@ function applyEffect(
       switch (fromValue.kind) {
         case ValueKind.Primitive:
         case ValueKind.Global: {
-          // no need to track this data flow
+          effects.push({
+            kind: 'Create',
+            value: fromValue.kind,
+            into: effect.into,
+            reason: [...fromValue.reason][0] ?? ValueReason.Other,
+          });
           break;
         }
         case ValueKind.Frozen: {
+          effects.push({
+            kind: 'Create',
+            value: fromValue.kind,
+            into: effect.into,
+            reason: [...fromValue.reason][0] ?? ValueReason.Other,
+          });
           applyEffect(
             context,
             state,
@@ -585,7 +616,7 @@ function applyEffect(
               from: effect.from,
               into: effect.into,
             },
-            aliased,
+            initialized,
             effects,
           );
           break;
@@ -597,6 +628,13 @@ function applyEffect(
       break;
     }
     case 'CreateFunction': {
+      CompilerError.invariant(!initialized.has(effect.into.identifier.id), {
+        reason: `Cannot re-initialize variable within an instruction`,
+        description: `Re-initialized ${printPlace(effect.into)} in ${printAliasingEffect(effect)}`,
+        loc: effect.into.loc,
+      });
+      initialized.add(effect.into.identifier.id);
+
       effects.push(effect);
       /**
        * We consider the function mutable if it has any mutable context variables or
@@ -653,7 +691,7 @@ function applyEffect(
             from: capture,
             into: effect.into,
           },
-          aliased,
+          initialized,
           effects,
         );
       }
@@ -661,6 +699,14 @@ function applyEffect(
     }
     case 'Alias':
     case 'Capture': {
+      CompilerError.invariant(
+        effect.kind === 'Capture' || initialized.has(effect.into.identifier.id),
+        {
+          reason: `Expected destination value to already be initialized within this instruction for Alias effect`,
+          description: `Destination ${printPlace(effect.into)} is not initialized in this instruction`,
+          loc: effect.into.loc,
+        },
+      );
       /*
        * Capture describes potential information flow: storing a pointer to one value
        * within another. If the destination is not mutable, or the source value has
@@ -698,7 +744,7 @@ function applyEffect(
               from: effect.from,
               into: effect.into,
             },
-            aliased,
+            initialized,
             effects,
           );
           break;
@@ -714,6 +760,13 @@ function applyEffect(
       break;
     }
     case 'Assign': {
+      CompilerError.invariant(!initialized.has(effect.into.identifier.id), {
+        reason: `Cannot re-initialize variable within an instruction`,
+        description: `Re-initialized ${printPlace(effect.into)} in ${printAliasingEffect(effect)}`,
+        loc: effect.into.loc,
+      });
+      initialized.add(effect.into.identifier.id);
+
       /*
        * Alias represents potential pointer aliasing. If the type is a global,
        * a primitive (copy-on-write semantics) then we can prune the effect
@@ -730,7 +783,7 @@ function applyEffect(
               from: effect.from,
               into: effect.into,
             },
-            aliased,
+            initialized,
             effects,
           );
           let value = context.effectInstructionValueCache.get(effect);
@@ -768,12 +821,7 @@ function applyEffect(
           break;
         }
         default: {
-          if (aliased.has(effect.into.identifier.id)) {
-            state.appendAlias(effect.into, effect.from);
-          } else {
-            aliased.add(effect.into.identifier.id);
-            state.alias(effect.into, effect.from);
-          }
+          state.assign(effect.into, effect.from);
           effects.push(effect);
           break;
         }
@@ -826,11 +874,11 @@ function applyEffect(
             context,
             state,
             {kind: 'MutateTransitiveConditionally', value: effect.function},
-            aliased,
+            initialized,
             effects,
           );
           for (const signatureEffect of signatureEffects) {
-            applyEffect(context, state, signatureEffect, aliased, effects);
+            applyEffect(context, state, signatureEffect, initialized, effects);
           }
           break;
         }
@@ -858,7 +906,7 @@ function applyEffect(
           console.log('apply aliasing signature effects');
         }
         for (const signatureEffect of signatureEffects) {
-          applyEffect(context, state, signatureEffect, aliased, effects);
+          applyEffect(context, state, signatureEffect, initialized, effects);
         }
       } else if (effect.signature != null) {
         if (DEBUG) {
@@ -873,7 +921,7 @@ function applyEffect(
           effect.loc,
         );
         for (const legacyEffect of legacyEffects) {
-          applyEffect(context, state, legacyEffect, aliased, effects);
+          applyEffect(context, state, legacyEffect, initialized, effects);
         }
       } else {
         if (DEBUG) {
@@ -888,7 +936,7 @@ function applyEffect(
             value: ValueKind.Mutable,
             reason: ValueReason.Other,
           },
-          aliased,
+          initialized,
           effects,
         );
         /*
@@ -911,21 +959,21 @@ function applyEffect(
                 kind: 'MutateTransitiveConditionally',
                 value: operand,
               },
-              aliased,
+              initialized,
               effects,
             );
           }
           const mutateIterator =
             arg.kind === 'Spread' ? conditionallyMutateIterator(operand) : null;
           if (mutateIterator) {
-            applyEffect(context, state, mutateIterator, aliased, effects);
+            applyEffect(context, state, mutateIterator, initialized, effects);
           }
           applyEffect(
             context,
             state,
             // OK: recording information flow
             {kind: 'Alias', from: operand, into: effect.into},
-            aliased,
+            initialized,
             effects,
           );
           for (const otherArg of [
@@ -953,7 +1001,7 @@ function applyEffect(
                 from: operand,
                 into: other,
               },
-              aliased,
+              initialized,
               effects,
             );
           }
@@ -1009,7 +1057,7 @@ function applyEffect(
                   suggestions: null,
                 },
               },
-              aliased,
+              initialized,
               effects,
             );
           }
@@ -1028,7 +1076,7 @@ function applyEffect(
                 suggestions: null,
               },
             },
-            aliased,
+            initialized,
             effects,
           );
         } else {
@@ -1059,7 +1107,7 @@ function applyEffect(
                 suggestions: null,
               },
             },
-            aliased,
+            initialized,
             effects,
           );
         }
@@ -1166,7 +1214,7 @@ class InferenceState {
   }
 
   // Updates the value at @param place to point to the same value as @param value.
-  alias(place: Place, value: Place): void {
+  assign(place: Place, value: Place): void {
     const values = this.#variables.get(value.identifier.id);
     CompilerError.invariant(values != null, {
       reason: `[InferMutationAliasingEffects] Expected value for identifier to be initialized`,
diff --git a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/new-mutability/todo-control-flow-sensitive-mutation.expect.md b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/new-mutability/todo-control-flow-sensitive-mutation.expect.md
index d3555c0b271..a3cf9f638ae 100644
--- a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/new-mutability/todo-control-flow-sensitive-mutation.expect.md
+++ b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/new-mutability/todo-control-flow-sensitive-mutation.expect.md
@@ -23,14 +23,9 @@ function Component({a, b, c}: {a: number; b: number; c: number}) {
 
   return (
     <>
-      <ValidateMemoization inputs={[a, b, c]} output={x} alwaysCheck={true} />;
+      <ValidateMemoization inputs={[a, b, c]} output={x} />;
       {/* TODO: should only depend on c */}
-      <ValidateMemoization
-        inputs={[a, b, c]}
-        output={x[0]}
-        alwaysCheck={true}
-      />
-      ;
+      <ValidateMemoization inputs={[a, b, c]} output={x[0]} />;
     </>
   );
 }
@@ -98,7 +93,7 @@ function Component(t0) {
   }
   let t3;
   if ($[9] !== t2 || $[10] !== x) {
-    t3 = <ValidateMemoization inputs={t2} output={x} alwaysCheck={true} />;
+    t3 = <ValidateMemoization inputs={t2} output={x} />;
     $[9] = t2;
     $[10] = x;
     $[11] = t3;
@@ -117,7 +112,7 @@ function Component(t0) {
   }
   let t5;
   if ($[16] !== t4 || $[17] !== x[0]) {
-    t5 = <ValidateMemoization inputs={t4} output={x[0]} alwaysCheck={true} />;
+    t5 = <ValidateMemoization inputs={t4} output={x[0]} />;
     $[16] = t4;
     $[17] = x[0];
     $[18] = t5;
diff --git a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/new-mutability/todo-control-flow-sensitive-mutation.tsx b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/new-mutability/todo-control-flow-sensitive-mutation.tsx
index 80386c46af8..61f8c47e453 100644
--- a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/new-mutability/todo-control-flow-sensitive-mutation.tsx
+++ b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/new-mutability/todo-control-flow-sensitive-mutation.tsx
@@ -19,14 +19,9 @@ function Component({a, b, c}: {a: number; b: number; c: number}) {
 
   return (
     <>
-      <ValidateMemoization inputs={[a, b, c]} output={x} alwaysCheck={true} />;
+      <ValidateMemoization inputs={[a, b, c]} output={x} />;
       {/* TODO: should only depend on c */}
-      <ValidateMemoization
-        inputs={[a, b, c]}
-        output={x[0]}
-        alwaysCheck={true}
-      />
-      ;
+      <ValidateMemoization inputs={[a, b, c]} output={x[0]} />;
     </>
   );
 }
diff --git a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/new-mutability/todo-transitivity-createfrom-capture-lambda.expect.md b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/new-mutability/todo-transitivity-createfrom-capture-lambda.expect.md
index 9210bef3fb4..9dba055973f 100644
--- a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/new-mutability/todo-transitivity-createfrom-capture-lambda.expect.md
+++ b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/new-mutability/todo-transitivity-createfrom-capture-lambda.expect.md
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ function Component({a, b}) {
   typedMutate(z, b);
 
   // TODO: this *should* only depend on `a`
-  return <ValidateMemoization inputs={[a, b]} output={x} alwaysCheck={true} />;
+  return <ValidateMemoization inputs={[a, b]} output={x} />;
 }
 
 export const FIXTURE_ENTRYPOINT = {
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ function Component(t0) {
   }
   let t3;
   if ($[7] !== t2 || $[8] !== x) {
-    t3 = <ValidateMemoization inputs={t2} output={x} alwaysCheck={true} />;
+    t3 = <ValidateMemoization inputs={t2} output={x} />;
     $[7] = t2;
     $[8] = x;
     $[9] = t3;
diff --git a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/new-mutability/todo-transitivity-createfrom-capture-lambda.tsx b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/new-mutability/todo-transitivity-createfrom-capture-lambda.tsx
index 9e10bec1b4b..d6bd1690f65 100644
--- a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/new-mutability/todo-transitivity-createfrom-capture-lambda.tsx
+++ b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/new-mutability/todo-transitivity-createfrom-capture-lambda.tsx
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ function Component({a, b}) {
   typedMutate(z, b);
 
   // TODO: this *should* only depend on `a`
-  return <ValidateMemoization inputs={[a, b]} output={x} alwaysCheck={true} />;
+  return <ValidateMemoization inputs={[a, b]} output={x} />;
 }
 
 export const FIXTURE_ENTRYPOINT = {
diff --git a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/new-mutability/transitivity-add-captured-array-to-itself.expect.md b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/new-mutability/transitivity-add-captured-array-to-itself.expect.md
index 2813e072e2a..fb3c8d0a895 100644
--- a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/new-mutability/transitivity-add-captured-array-to-itself.expect.md
+++ b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/new-mutability/transitivity-add-captured-array-to-itself.expect.md
@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ function Component({a, b}) {
 
   return (
     <>
-      <ValidateMemoization inputs={[a]} output={o} alwaysCheck={true} />;
-      <ValidateMemoization inputs={[a, b]} output={x} alwaysCheck={true} />;
+      <ValidateMemoization inputs={[a]} output={o} />;
+      <ValidateMemoization inputs={[a, b]} output={x} />;
     </>
   );
 }
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ function Component(t0) {
   }
   let t5;
   if ($[8] !== o || $[9] !== t4) {
-    t5 = <ValidateMemoization inputs={t4} output={o} alwaysCheck={true} />;
+    t5 = <ValidateMemoization inputs={t4} output={o} />;
     $[8] = o;
     $[9] = t4;
     $[10] = t5;
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ function Component(t0) {
   }
   let t7;
   if ($[14] !== t6 || $[15] !== x) {
-    t7 = <ValidateMemoization inputs={t6} output={x} alwaysCheck={true} />;
+    t7 = <ValidateMemoization inputs={t6} output={x} />;
     $[14] = t6;
     $[15] = x;
     $[16] = t7;
diff --git a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/new-mutability/transitivity-add-captured-array-to-itself.tsx b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/new-mutability/transitivity-add-captured-array-to-itself.tsx
index 7d7ec91bc59..d81c069e336 100644
--- a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/new-mutability/transitivity-add-captured-array-to-itself.tsx
+++ b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/new-mutability/transitivity-add-captured-array-to-itself.tsx
@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@ function Component({a, b}) {
 
   return (
     <>
-      <ValidateMemoization inputs={[a]} output={o} alwaysCheck={true} />;
-      <ValidateMemoization inputs={[a, b]} output={x} alwaysCheck={true} />;
+      <ValidateMemoization inputs={[a]} output={o} />;
+      <ValidateMemoization inputs={[a, b]} output={x} />;
     </>
   );
 }
diff --git a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/new-mutability/transitivity-capture-createfrom-lambda.expect.md b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/new-mutability/transitivity-capture-createfrom-lambda.expect.md
index 85c356f894b..bfb4ede0ad0 100644
--- a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/new-mutability/transitivity-capture-createfrom-lambda.expect.md
+++ b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/new-mutability/transitivity-capture-createfrom-lambda.expect.md
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ function Component({a, b}: {a: number; b: number}) {
   // mutates x
   typedMutate(z, b);
 
-  return <ValidateMemoization inputs={[a, b]} output={x} alwaysCheck={true} />;
+  return <ValidateMemoization inputs={[a, b]} output={x} />;
 }
 
 export const FIXTURE_ENTRYPOINT = {
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ function Component(t0) {
   }
   let t3;
   if ($[7] !== t2 || $[8] !== x) {
-    t3 = <ValidateMemoization inputs={t2} output={x} alwaysCheck={true} />;
+    t3 = <ValidateMemoization inputs={t2} output={x} />;
     $[7] = t2;
     $[8] = x;
     $[9] = t3;
diff --git a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/new-mutability/transitivity-capture-createfrom-lambda.tsx b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/new-mutability/transitivity-capture-createfrom-lambda.tsx
index cee7901a6ee..72289eb8335 100644
--- a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/new-mutability/transitivity-capture-createfrom-lambda.tsx
+++ b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/new-mutability/transitivity-capture-createfrom-lambda.tsx
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ function Component({a, b}: {a: number; b: number}) {
   // mutates x
   typedMutate(z, b);
 
-  return <ValidateMemoization inputs={[a, b]} output={x} alwaysCheck={true} />;
+  return <ValidateMemoization inputs={[a, b]} output={x} />;
 }
 
 export const FIXTURE_ENTRYPOINT = {
diff --git a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/new-mutability/transitivity-capture-createfrom.expect.md b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/new-mutability/transitivity-capture-createfrom.expect.md
index af15d568ceb..bd0a76965d4 100644
--- a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/new-mutability/transitivity-capture-createfrom.expect.md
+++ b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/new-mutability/transitivity-capture-createfrom.expect.md
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ function Component({a, b}: {a: number; b: number}) {
   // mutates x
   typedMutate(z, b);
 
-  return <ValidateMemoization inputs={[a, b]} output={x} alwaysCheck={true} />;
+  return <ValidateMemoization inputs={[a, b]} output={x} />;
 }
 
 export const FIXTURE_ENTRYPOINT = {
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ function Component(t0) {
   }
   let t3;
   if ($[7] !== t2 || $[8] !== x) {
-    t3 = <ValidateMemoization inputs={t2} output={x} alwaysCheck={true} />;
+    t3 = <ValidateMemoization inputs={t2} output={x} />;
     $[7] = t2;
     $[8] = x;
     $[9] = t3;
diff --git a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/new-mutability/transitivity-capture-createfrom.tsx b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/new-mutability/transitivity-capture-createfrom.tsx
index df89c3413e1..d06ad11eb57 100644
--- a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/new-mutability/transitivity-capture-createfrom.tsx
+++ b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/new-mutability/transitivity-capture-createfrom.tsx
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ function Component({a, b}: {a: number; b: number}) {
   // mutates x
   typedMutate(z, b);
 
-  return <ValidateMemoization inputs={[a, b]} output={x} alwaysCheck={true} />;
+  return <ValidateMemoization inputs={[a, b]} output={x} />;
 }
 
 export const FIXTURE_ENTRYPOINT = {
diff --git a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/new-mutability/transitivity-createfrom-capture.expect.md b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/new-mutability/transitivity-createfrom-capture.expect.md
index 25dbcdf3ac0..742a233e801 100644
--- a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/new-mutability/transitivity-createfrom-capture.expect.md
+++ b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/new-mutability/transitivity-createfrom-capture.expect.md
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ function Component({a, b}) {
   // does not mutate x, so x should not depend on b
   typedMutate(z, b);
 
-  return <ValidateMemoization inputs={[a]} output={x} alwaysCheck={true} />;
+  return <ValidateMemoization inputs={[a]} output={x} />;
 }
 
 export const FIXTURE_ENTRYPOINT = {
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ function Component(t0) {
   }
   let t4;
   if ($[4] !== t3 || $[5] !== x) {
-    t4 = <ValidateMemoization inputs={t3} output={x} alwaysCheck={true} />;
+    t4 = <ValidateMemoization inputs={t3} output={x} />;
     $[4] = t3;
     $[5] = x;
     $[6] = t4;
diff --git a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/new-mutability/transitivity-createfrom-capture.tsx b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/new-mutability/transitivity-createfrom-capture.tsx
index a8a02564bd6..32d65e61e01 100644
--- a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/new-mutability/transitivity-createfrom-capture.tsx
+++ b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/new-mutability/transitivity-createfrom-capture.tsx
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ function Component({a, b}) {
   // does not mutate x, so x should not depend on b
   typedMutate(z, b);
 
-  return <ValidateMemoization inputs={[a]} output={x} alwaysCheck={true} />;
+  return <ValidateMemoization inputs={[a]} output={x} />;
 }
 
 export const FIXTURE_ENTRYPOINT = {
diff --git a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/new-mutability/transitivity-phi-assign-or-capture.expect.md b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/new-mutability/transitivity-phi-assign-or-capture.expect.md
index b5350352cfd..c50fe47aed6 100644
--- a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/new-mutability/transitivity-phi-assign-or-capture.expect.md
+++ b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/new-mutability/transitivity-phi-assign-or-capture.expect.md
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ function Component({a, b}) {
   // could mutate x
   typedMutate(z, b);
 
-  return <ValidateMemoization inputs={[a, b]} output={x} alwaysCheck={true} />;
+  return <ValidateMemoization inputs={[a, b]} output={x} />;
 }
 
 export const FIXTURE_ENTRYPOINT = {
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ function Component(t0) {
   }
   let t4;
   if ($[9] !== t3 || $[10] !== x) {
-    t4 = <ValidateMemoization inputs={t3} output={x} alwaysCheck={true} />;
+    t4 = <ValidateMemoization inputs={t3} output={x} />;
     $[9] = t3;
     $[10] = x;
     $[11] = t4;
diff --git a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/new-mutability/transitivity-phi-assign-or-capture.tsx b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/new-mutability/transitivity-phi-assign-or-capture.tsx
index e583bfa83ae..90b75976946 100644
--- a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/new-mutability/transitivity-phi-assign-or-capture.tsx
+++ b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/new-mutability/transitivity-phi-assign-or-capture.tsx
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ function Component({a, b}) {
   // could mutate x
   typedMutate(z, b);
 
-  return <ValidateMemoization inputs={[a, b]} output={x} alwaysCheck={true} />;
+  return <ValidateMemoization inputs={[a, b]} output={x} />;
 }
 
 export const FIXTURE_ENTRYPOINT = {
diff --git a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/new-mutability/typed-identity-function-frozen-input.expect.md b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/new-mutability/typed-identity-function-frozen-input.expect.md
index b15248df078..dc8bedaf835 100644
--- a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/new-mutability/typed-identity-function-frozen-input.expect.md
+++ b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/new-mutability/typed-identity-function-frozen-input.expect.md
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 ```javascript
 // @enableNewMutationAliasingModel
 
+import {useMemo} from 'react';
 import {
   identity,
   makeObject_Primitives,
@@ -14,7 +15,7 @@ import {
 
 function Component({a, b}) {
   // create a mutable value with input `a`
-  const x = makeObject_Primitives(a);
+  const x = useMemo(() => makeObject_Primitives(a), [a]);
 
   // freeze the value
   useIdentity(x);
@@ -49,6 +50,7 @@ export const FIXTURE_ENTRYPOINT = {
 ```javascript
 import { c as _c } from "react/compiler-runtime"; // @enableNewMutationAliasingModel
 
+import { useMemo } from "react";
 import {
   identity,
   makeObject_Primitives,
@@ -61,13 +63,15 @@ function Component(t0) {
   const $ = _c(7);
   const { a, b } = t0;
   let t1;
+  let t2;
   if ($[0] !== a) {
-    t1 = makeObject_Primitives(a);
+    t2 = makeObject_Primitives(a);
     $[0] = a;
-    $[1] = t1;
+    $[1] = t2;
   } else {
-    t1 = $[1];
+    t2 = $[1];
   }
+  t1 = t2;
   const x = t1;
 
   useIdentity(x);
@@ -75,24 +79,24 @@ function Component(t0) {
   const x2 = typedIdentity(x);
 
   identity(x2, b);
-  let t2;
+  let t3;
   if ($[2] !== a) {
-    t2 = [a];
+    t3 = [a];
     $[2] = a;
-    $[3] = t2;
+    $[3] = t3;
   } else {
-    t2 = $[3];
+    t3 = $[3];
   }
-  let t3;
-  if ($[4] !== t2 || $[5] !== x) {
-    t3 = <ValidateMemoization inputs={t2} output={x} />;
-    $[4] = t2;
+  let t4;
+  if ($[4] !== t3 || $[5] !== x) {
+    t4 = <ValidateMemoization inputs={t3} output={x} />;
+    $[4] = t3;
     $[5] = x;
-    $[6] = t3;
+    $[6] = t4;
   } else {
-    t3 = $[6];
+    t4 = $[6];
   }
-  return t3;
+  return t4;
 }
 
 export const FIXTURE_ENTRYPOINT = {
diff --git a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/new-mutability/typed-identity-function-frozen-input.js b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/new-mutability/typed-identity-function-frozen-input.js
index bcf6ecef023..d0f677ee4df 100644
--- a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/new-mutability/typed-identity-function-frozen-input.js
+++ b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/new-mutability/typed-identity-function-frozen-input.js
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 // @enableNewMutationAliasingModel
 
+import {useMemo} from 'react';
 import {
   identity,
   makeObject_Primitives,
@@ -10,7 +11,7 @@ import {
 
 function Component({a, b}) {
   // create a mutable value with input `a`
-  const x = makeObject_Primitives(a);
+  const x = useMemo(() => makeObject_Primitives(a), [a]);
 
   // freeze the value
   useIdentity(x);
diff --git a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/weakmap-constructor.expect.md b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/weakmap-constructor.expect.md
index aebaedf6a87..a6def457a41 100644
--- a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/weakmap-constructor.expect.md
+++ b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/weakmap-constructor.expect.md
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 ## Input
 
 ```javascript
+import {useMemo} from 'react';
 import {ValidateMemoization} from 'shared-runtime';
 
 function Component({a, b, c}) {
@@ -13,9 +14,21 @@ function Component({a, b, c}) {
 
   return (
     <>
-      <ValidateMemoization inputs={[a, c]} output={map} />
-      <ValidateMemoization inputs={[a, c]} output={mapAlias} />
-      <ValidateMemoization inputs={[b]} output={[hasB]} />
+      <ValidateMemoization
+        inputs={[a, c]}
+        output={map}
+        onlyCheckCompiled={true}
+      />
+      <ValidateMemoization
+        inputs={[a, c]}
+        output={mapAlias}
+        onlyCheckCompiled={true}
+      />
+      <ValidateMemoization
+        inputs={[b]}
+        output={[hasB]}
+        onlyCheckCompiled={true}
+      />
     </>
   );
 }
@@ -44,6 +57,7 @@ export const FIXTURE_ENTRYPOINT = {
 
 ```javascript
 import { c as _c } from "react/compiler-runtime";
+import { useMemo } from "react";
 import { ValidateMemoization } from "shared-runtime";
 
 function Component(t0) {
@@ -76,7 +90,9 @@ function Component(t0) {
   }
   let t2;
   if ($[7] !== map || $[8] !== t1) {
-    t2 = <ValidateMemoization inputs={t1} output={map} />;
+    t2 = (
+      <ValidateMemoization inputs={t1} output={map} onlyCheckCompiled={true} />
+    );
     $[7] = map;
     $[8] = t1;
     $[9] = t2;
@@ -94,7 +110,13 @@ function Component(t0) {
   }
   let t4;
   if ($[13] !== mapAlias || $[14] !== t3) {
-    t4 = <ValidateMemoization inputs={t3} output={mapAlias} />;
+    t4 = (
+      <ValidateMemoization
+        inputs={t3}
+        output={mapAlias}
+        onlyCheckCompiled={true}
+      />
+    );
     $[13] = mapAlias;
     $[14] = t3;
     $[15] = t4;
@@ -119,7 +141,9 @@ function Component(t0) {
   }
   let t7;
   if ($[20] !== t5 || $[21] !== t6) {
-    t7 = <ValidateMemoization inputs={t5} output={t6} />;
+    t7 = (
+      <ValidateMemoization inputs={t5} output={t6} onlyCheckCompiled={true} />
+    );
     $[20] = t5;
     $[21] = t6;
     $[22] = t7;
diff --git a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/weakmap-constructor.js b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/weakmap-constructor.js
index ecdec6c9e96..d005c9f271d 100644
--- a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/weakmap-constructor.js
+++ b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/weakmap-constructor.js
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import {useMemo} from 'react';
 import {ValidateMemoization} from 'shared-runtime';
 
 function Component({a, b, c}) {
@@ -9,9 +10,21 @@ function Component({a, b, c}) {
 
   return (
     <>
-      <ValidateMemoization inputs={[a, c]} output={map} />
-      <ValidateMemoization inputs={[a, c]} output={mapAlias} />
-      <ValidateMemoization inputs={[b]} output={[hasB]} />
+      <ValidateMemoization
+        inputs={[a, c]}
+        output={map}
+        onlyCheckCompiled={true}
+      />
+      <ValidateMemoization
+        inputs={[a, c]}
+        output={mapAlias}
+        onlyCheckCompiled={true}
+      />
+      <ValidateMemoization
+        inputs={[b]}
+        output={[hasB]}
+        onlyCheckCompiled={true}
+      />
     </>
   );
 }
diff --git a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/weakset-constructor.expect.md b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/weakset-constructor.expect.md
index 5ebf32d533c..94e0c7f0554 100644
--- a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/weakset-constructor.expect.md
+++ b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/weakset-constructor.expect.md
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 ## Input
 
 ```javascript
+import {useMemo} from 'react';
 import {ValidateMemoization} from 'shared-runtime';
 
 function Component({a, b, c}) {
@@ -13,9 +14,21 @@ function Component({a, b, c}) {
 
   return (
     <>
-      <ValidateMemoization inputs={[a, c]} output={set} />
-      <ValidateMemoization inputs={[a, c]} output={setAlias} />
-      <ValidateMemoization inputs={[b]} output={[hasB]} />
+      <ValidateMemoization
+        inputs={[a, c]}
+        output={set}
+        onlyCheckCompiled={true}
+      />
+      <ValidateMemoization
+        inputs={[a, c]}
+        output={setAlias}
+        onlyCheckCompiled={true}
+      />
+      <ValidateMemoization
+        inputs={[b]}
+        output={[hasB]}
+        onlyCheckCompiled={true}
+      />
     </>
   );
 }
@@ -44,6 +57,7 @@ export const FIXTURE_ENTRYPOINT = {
 
 ```javascript
 import { c as _c } from "react/compiler-runtime";
+import { useMemo } from "react";
 import { ValidateMemoization } from "shared-runtime";
 
 function Component(t0) {
@@ -76,7 +90,9 @@ function Component(t0) {
   }
   let t2;
   if ($[7] !== set || $[8] !== t1) {
-    t2 = <ValidateMemoization inputs={t1} output={set} />;
+    t2 = (
+      <ValidateMemoization inputs={t1} output={set} onlyCheckCompiled={true} />
+    );
     $[7] = set;
     $[8] = t1;
     $[9] = t2;
@@ -94,7 +110,13 @@ function Component(t0) {
   }
   let t4;
   if ($[13] !== setAlias || $[14] !== t3) {
-    t4 = <ValidateMemoization inputs={t3} output={setAlias} />;
+    t4 = (
+      <ValidateMemoization
+        inputs={t3}
+        output={setAlias}
+        onlyCheckCompiled={true}
+      />
+    );
     $[13] = setAlias;
     $[14] = t3;
     $[15] = t4;
@@ -119,7 +141,9 @@ function Component(t0) {
   }
   let t7;
   if ($[20] !== t5 || $[21] !== t6) {
-    t7 = <ValidateMemoization inputs={t5} output={t6} />;
+    t7 = (
+      <ValidateMemoization inputs={t5} output={t6} onlyCheckCompiled={true} />
+    );
     $[20] = t5;
     $[21] = t6;
     $[22] = t7;
diff --git a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/weakset-constructor.js b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/weakset-constructor.js
index 8c0a7deb186..9114233812e 100644
--- a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/weakset-constructor.js
+++ b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/fixtures/compiler/weakset-constructor.js
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import {useMemo} from 'react';
 import {ValidateMemoization} from 'shared-runtime';
 
 function Component({a, b, c}) {
@@ -9,9 +10,21 @@ function Component({a, b, c}) {
 
   return (
     <>
-      <ValidateMemoization inputs={[a, c]} output={set} />
-      <ValidateMemoization inputs={[a, c]} output={setAlias} />
-      <ValidateMemoization inputs={[b]} output={[hasB]} />
+      <ValidateMemoization
+        inputs={[a, c]}
+        output={set}
+        onlyCheckCompiled={true}
+      />
+      <ValidateMemoization
+        inputs={[a, c]}
+        output={setAlias}
+        onlyCheckCompiled={true}
+      />
+      <ValidateMemoization
+        inputs={[b]}
+        output={[hasB]}
+        onlyCheckCompiled={true}
+      />
     </>
   );
 }
diff --git a/compiler/packages/snap/src/sprout/shared-runtime.ts b/compiler/packages/snap/src/sprout/shared-runtime.ts
index 1e0ab108db3..f37ca827090 100644
--- a/compiler/packages/snap/src/sprout/shared-runtime.ts
+++ b/compiler/packages/snap/src/sprout/shared-runtime.ts
@@ -269,12 +269,10 @@ export function ValidateMemoization({
   inputs,
   output: rawOutput,
   onlyCheckCompiled = false,
-  alwaysCheck = false,
 }: {
   inputs: Array<any>;
   output: any;
   onlyCheckCompiled?: boolean;
-  alwaysCheck?: boolean;
 }): React.ReactElement {
   'use no forget';
   // Wrap rawOutput as it might be a function, which useState would invoke.
@@ -282,7 +280,7 @@ export function ValidateMemoization({
   const [previousInputs, setPreviousInputs] = React.useState(inputs);
   const [previousOutput, setPreviousOutput] = React.useState(output);
   if (
-    alwaysCheck ||
+    !onlyCheckCompiled ||
     (onlyCheckCompiled &&
       (globalThis as any).__SNAP_EVALUATOR_MODE === 'forget')
   ) {