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dviplusim.m
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dviplusim.m
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function dviplusim(fileFolderName, outFolder)
%DVIPLUSIM Creates DVI Plus image for SIM2 HDR47 screen.
% DVIPLUSIM(FILEFOLDERNAME) Creates DVI Plus image and writes three
% images as output:
% * a PNG image, which is used to show the image in DVI+ mode
% * an EXR image with estimated emitted luminance information
% * an EXR image with estimated backlight luminance information
% The function requires FILEFOLDERNAME as input. This input can both
% be a file or directory.
%
% Examples:
% dviplusim('hdrImages\cloudyDay.hdr');
% dviplusim('hdrImages\cloudyDay.hdr', 'outFolder');
% dviplusim([hdrPath filesep 'hdrImagesFolder'], 'outFolder');
%
% Check the following paper for details:
% E. Zerman, G. Valenzise, and F. Dufaux, "A Dual Modulation Algorithm
% for Accurate Reproduction of High Dynamic Range Video", IEEE 12th
% Image, Video, and Multidimensional Signal Processing Workshop (IVMSP),
% Bordeaux, France, July 2016.
%
% ---------------------
% - Emin Zerman / [email protected]
% - Created: 23/03/2015 -- Updated: 16/09/2015
% - Telecom ParisTech - TSI - MM
% ---------------------
% Copyright (C) 2018 - Emin Zerman
%
% This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
% it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
% the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
% (at your option) any later version.
%
% This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
% but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
% MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
% GNU General Public License for more details.
%
% You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
% along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
% ------------------------------------
% Check if flags exist and initialize
if(~exist('outFolder', 'var')),
outFolder ='dvipOut';
% Create outFolder either in target folder or code directory
if isdir(fileFolderName)
if ~isdir([fileFolderName filesep outFolder])
mkdir([fileFolderName filesep outFolder]);
end
outFolder = [fileFolderName filesep outFolder];
else
if ~isdir(outFolder)
mkdir(outFolder);
end
end
else
if ~isdir(outFolder)
mkdir(outFolder);
end
end
Params.outFolder = outFolder;
Params.fileFolderName = fileFolderName;
% CONSTANT values
Params.LED_MAX_LUM = 180;
Params.LUMINANCE_HDR_CONSTANT = 179;
Params.MAX_LUMINANCE = 4250;
Params.EXTRAPOLATE_MARGIN = 80;
Params.LCD_LEAKAGE_CONSTANT = 1/0.005;
Params.fileFlag = 0;
% Get point spread function, resize PSF to reduce complexity
load('led_psf.mat');
Params.led_psf = led_psf;
clear led_psf;
%Params.led_psf = lum(hdrimread('psf_model.pfm'));
Params.led_psfSm = imresize(Params.led_psf, 1/4);
% Find locations of LEDs, resize LED maps to reduce complexity
[~, Params.ledLabels, Params.ledIndices] = findledpositions([1080 1920], 0);
[Params.ledMapSm, Params.ledLabelsSm, Params.ledIndicesSm] = findledpositions([1080 1920]/4, 0);
% Check if the first input is a file name or folder name
[Params, DbContents] = determineFileFolder(Params);
%% Process the indicated image or all images in the indicated folder
for imNo = Params.fileIndices
% Find fileName for naming
if Params.fileFlag
[~, Ims.fileName, Ims.fileXt] = fileparts(Params.fileFolderName);
else
[~, Ims.fileName, Ims.fileXt] = fileparts(DbContents(imNo).name);
end
%% Acquire Image
% Acquire HDR image by utilizing Matlab's hdrread function, and tonemap
% function for user to see the image.
[Ims, rFlag] = readHdrIm(DbContents(imNo).name, Params, Ims);
if rFlag == 1
continue;
end
%% Find desired backlight
Ims = desiredBacklight(Params, Ims);
%% Find LED values
Ims = findLedValues(Params, Ims);
%% Finding LCD values
% After LED values and backlight illumination caused by LEDs have been
% found, calculate and set LCD values for DVI Plus image.
Ims = findLcdValues(Params, Ims);
%% Save DVI+ output image
% Save DVI+ Image
getdviplusim(round(255*Ims.ledVals)',uint8(Ims.lcdGamCorrdUint8),...
[Params.outFolder filesep Ims.fileName '.png']);
% Find the reconstructed HDR image
[dvipHdr, ledLum3d] = dviplus2hdrim(round(255*Ims.ledVals)',...
uint8(Ims.lcdGamCorrdUint8), Params.led_psf);
exrwrite(dvipHdr, [Params.outFolder filesep 'lum_' Ims.fileName '.exr' ]);
exrwrite(ledLum3d, [Params.outFolder filesep 'ledLum_' Ims.fileName '.exr' ]);
end
end
function [Params, DbContents] = determineFileFolder(Params)
if ~isempty(strfind(Params.fileFolderName(end-4:end),'.hdr')) || ...
~isempty(strfind(Params.fileFolderName(end-4:end),'.exr'))
% ========== It is an HDR or EXR file ==========
Params.fileFlag = 1;
Params.fileIndices = 1;
DbContents.name = Params.fileFolderName;
elseif isdir(Params.fileFolderName)
% ========== It is a folder ==========
Params.fileFlag = 0;
% Find folder contents
countHdrFiles = length(dir([Params.fileFolderName '\*.hdr']));
countExrFiles = length(dir([Params.fileFolderName '\*.exr']));
if countHdrFiles == 0 && countExrFiles == 0
error('No .hdr or .ext files present in specified path!');
else
if countHdrFiles > countExrFiles
% Read HDR
DbContents = dir([Params.fileFolderName '\*.hdr']);
else
%Read EXR
DbContents = dir([Params.fileFolderName '\*.exr']);
end
end
Params.fileIndices = 1:length(DbContents);
else
error('This is not an HDR image file or a folder!');
end
end
function [Ims, rFlag] = readHdrIm(imName, Params, Ims)
rFlag = 0;
if Params.fileFlag
if strcmp(Ims.fileXt,'.hdr')
try
hdrIm = hdrread(imName);
catch
try
hdrIm = hdrimread(imName);
catch
error('Problem acquiring the HDR image/frame!!');
end
end
elseif strcmp(Ims.fileXt,'.exr')
hdrIm = exrread(imName);
elseif strcmp(Ims.fileXt,'.pfm')
hdrIm = hdrimread(imName);
else
rFlag = 1;
end
else
if strcmp(Ims.fileXt,'.hdr')
try
hdrIm = hdrread([Params.fileFolderName filesep imName]);
catch
try
hdrIm = hdrimread([Params.fileFolderName filesep imName]);
catch
error('Problem acquiring the HDR image/frame!!');
end
end
elseif strcmp(Ims.fileXt,'.exr')
hdrIm = exrread([Params.fileFolderName filesep imName]);
elseif strcmp(Ims.fileXt,'.pfm')
hdrIm = hdrimread([Params.fileFolderName filesep imName]);
else
rFlag = 1;
end
end
% Adjust image to be 1920/1080 by resizing and/or padding with black
[Ims.hdrIm, Ims.lastIm] = makeitfullhd(hdrIm);
% Find target luminance, multiply w/ constant if ".hdr"
if strcmp(Ims.fileXt,'.hdr')
hdrImL = Ims.hdrIm*Params.LUMINANCE_HDR_CONSTANT;
%lastImL = Ims.lastIm*Params.LUMINANCE_HDR_CONSTANT;
elseif strcmp(Ims.fileXt,'.exr')
hdrImL = Ims.hdrIm;
%lastImL = Ims.lastIm;
end
hdrLum = max(hdrImL, [], 3);
if max(max(hdrLum))>Params.MAX_LUMINANCE,
hdrLum(hdrLum>Params.MAX_LUMINANCE) = Params.MAX_LUMINANCE;
end
Ims.hdrLum = hdrLum;
end
function [hdrIm, lastIm, typeFlag, diff] = makeitfullhd(hdrIm)
ratioHD = 1920/1080;
ratioIm = size(hdrIm,2)/size(hdrIm,1);
if (ratioHD == ratioIm) && (size(hdrIm,2) ~= 1920)
% Same resolution with different aspect ratio
hdrIm = imresize(hdrIm, [1080 1920]);
hdrIm(hdrIm<0) = 0; % Avoid having negative values
lastIm = hdrIm;
typeFlag = 1; % Type 1: Same resolution w/ diff. aspect ratio
diff = 0;
elseif (ratioHD == ratioIm) && (size(hdrIm,2) == 1920)
% Same resolution
lastIm = hdrIm;
typeFlag = 2; % Type 2: Same resolution
diff = 0;
elseif (ratioHD > ratioIm)
% Different ratio, resize the image
tempIm = imresize(hdrIm, [1080 ratioIm*1080]);
tempIm(tempIm<0) = 0; % Avoid having negative values
% Find the difference between 1920 and the column pixels
diff = 1920 - size(tempIm,2);
lastIm = zeros(1080,1920,size(tempIm,3));
lastIm(:,floor(diff/2)+1:(floor(diff/2)+size(tempIm,2)),:) = tempIm;
hdrIm = lastIm; % lastIm is the black padded image
hdrIm(:,1:floor(diff/2),:) = repmat(hdrIm(:,floor(diff/2)+1,:), [1 floor(diff/2) 1]);
hdrIm(:,(floor(diff/2)+size(tempIm,2))+1:end,:) = repmat(hdrIm(:,(floor(diff/2)+size(tempIm,2)),:), [1 diff-floor(diff/2) 1]);
typeFlag = 3; % Type 3: Diff ratio, tight frame
elseif (ratioHD < ratioIm)
% Different ratio, resize the image
tempIm = imresize(hdrIm, [1920/ratioIm 1920]);
tempIm(tempIm<0) = 0; % Avoid having negative values
% Find the difference between 1080 and the row pixels
diff = 1080 - size(tempIm,1);
lastIm = zeros(1080,1920,size(tempIm,3));
lastIm(floor(diff/2)+1:(floor(diff/2)+size(tempIm,1)),:,:) = tempIm;
hdrIm = lastIm; % lastIm is the black padded image
hdrIm(1:floor(diff/2),:,:) = repmat(hdrIm(floor(diff/2)+1,:,:), [floor(diff/2) 1 1]);
hdrIm((floor(diff/2)+size(tempIm,1))+1:end,:,:) = repmat(hdrIm((floor(diff/2)+size(tempIm,1)),:,:), [diff-floor(diff/2) 1 1]);
typeFlag = 4; % Type 4: Diff ratio, wide frame
else
error('Something wrong with the spatial resolution!!');
end
end
function [ledImage, ledLabels, ledIndices, ledPos] = findledpositions(imSize, debugFlag)
if size(imSize)<2, error('Wrong imsize!'); end
if(~exist('debugFlag', 'var')), debugFlag = 0; end
%% Determine the locations of LEDs
% Since LEDs of SIM2 HDR47S4 display is put in a hexagonal order, the odd
% and even rows have different distance values from the edge of the screen.
% The calculations below find the positions of LEDs from origin, and they
% can be used for plotting.
dispXOdd = 0.64:17.6:(17.6*59+0.64*2);
dispXEven = (0.64+17.6/2):17.6:(17.6*58+0.64*2+17.6);
dispYOdd = -8.01:-31.6:-(31.6*18+8.01*2);
dispYEven = -(8.01+31.6/2):-31.6:-(31.6*17+8.01*2+31.6);
% scale if necessary (i.e. if resolution is different - N/A for SIM2)
scale = 1080/imSize(1);
dispXOdd = dispXOdd/scale;
dispXEven = dispXEven/scale;
dispYOdd = dispYOdd/scale;
dispYEven = dispYEven/scale;
% Create a grid for odd and even rows
[ledsOddY, ledsOddX] = meshgrid(dispYOdd, dispXOdd);
ledsOddX = reshape(ledsOddX, [], 1);
ledsOddY = reshape(ledsOddY, [], 1);
[ledsEvenY, ledsEvenX] = meshgrid(dispYEven, dispXEven);
ledsEvenX = reshape(ledsEvenX, [], 1);
ledsEvenY = reshape(ledsEvenY, [], 1);
% Find LED positions by alternately concatanating odd and even rows
ledPosX = [];
ledPosY = [];
for ind = 1:37
if mod(ind,2)==1
ledPosX = cat(1, ledPosX, ledsOddX((ceil(ind/2)-1)*60+1:ceil(ind/2)*60));
ledPosY = cat(1, ledPosY, ledsOddY((ceil(ind/2)-1)*60+1:ceil(ind/2)*60));
else
ledPosX = cat(1, ledPosX, ledsEvenX((ceil(ind/2)-1)*59+1:ceil(ind/2)*59));
ledPosY = cat(1, ledPosY, ledsEvenY((ceil(ind/2)-1)*59+1:ceil(ind/2)*59));
end
end
ledPos = [ledPosX ledPosY (1:2202)'];
if debugFlag, figure, plot(ledPosX, ledPosY, 'r*'); axis equal, axis([0 1039.68 -584.82 0]); end;
if debugFlag, figure, voronoi(ledPosX, ledPosY); axis equal, axis([0 1039.68 -584.82 0]); end;
%% LEDs Pixel Positions
% In order to handle other image related operations, LED pixel locations
% have to be known. Hence, pixel locations are estimated considering the
% true locations of LEDs which is found above.
tempLedImage = zeros(imSize(1:2));
tempLedLabels = zeros(imSize(1:2));
% Find row and col pixels
pixRows = ceil(ledPos(:,2)/-0.5415);
pixCols = ceil(ledPos(:,1)/0.5415);
ledIndices = sub2ind(imSize(1:2), pixRows, pixCols);
% Assign values
tempLedImage(ledIndices) = 1;
tempLedLabels(ledIndices) = ledPos(:,3);
if debugFlag, figure, imshow(tempLedImage); end;
if debugFlag, figure, imagesc(tempLedLabels); end;
%% Output
ledImage = tempLedImage;
ledLabels = tempLedLabels;
end
function Ims = desiredBacklight(Params, Ims)
% Extrapolate (by inpainting) the image to avoid information loss
% while filtering. Downsample the hdrLum by 4 to reduce complexity.
hdrLumBar = zeros( (Params.EXTRAPOLATE_MARGIN+1080)/4,...
(Params.EXTRAPOLATE_MARGIN+1920)/4 );
hdrLumBar(:) = NaN;
hdrLumBar(Params.EXTRAPOLATE_MARGIN/8 +1 : 1080/4 +Params.EXTRAPOLATE_MARGIN/8,...
Params.EXTRAPOLATE_MARGIN/8 +1 : 1920/4 +Params.EXTRAPOLATE_MARGIN/8) ...
= imresize(Ims.hdrLum, 1/4);
hdrLumBarN = inpaintn(hdrLumBar);
hdrLumExtp = imresize(hdrLumBarN, 4);
hdrLumExtp(Params.EXTRAPOLATE_MARGIN/2 +1 : 1080 +Params.EXTRAPOLATE_MARGIN/2,...
Params.EXTRAPOLATE_MARGIN/2 +1 : 1920 +Params.EXTRAPOLATE_MARGIN/2) ...
= Ims.hdrLum;
% -- Find Target Luminance value --
% Find the minimum required luminance for fidelity by filtering the max
% value image with a Gaussian filter (i.e. fspecial('disk',N) )
maxValImg = imdilate(hdrLumExtp*1.1, strel('disk', 30));
targetLumMin = conv2(maxValImg, fspecial('disk',30),'same');
% Find the maximum allowed luminance to avoid any LCD leakage and light
% halos that may occur. Median filter in order to reduce the artifacts
% created due to the high frequency characteristics (e.g. stars, pixel
% defects caused during image acquisition, etc.)
targetLumMax = hdrLumExtp*Params.LCD_LEAKAGE_CONSTANT;
targetLumMax(targetLumMax>Params.MAX_LUMINANCE) = Params.MAX_LUMINANCE;
targetLumMax = medfilt2(targetLumMax, [5 5]);
% Find the minumum value (or the constraining value) of these minumum
% and maximum images.
tempArr = cat(3, targetLumMin, targetLumMax);
targetLum_pre = min(tempArr, [], 3);
% Smooth out the preliminary result to avoid direct faults of
% individual LEDs. Median filter in order to reduce the artifacts
% created due to the high frequency characteristics (e.g. stars, pixel
% defects caused during image acquisition, etc.)
targetLum_filt = imfilter(targetLum_pre, fspecial('disk', Params.EXTRAPOLATE_MARGIN));
targetLum_temp = targetLum_filt(Params.EXTRAPOLATE_MARGIN/2 +1 : 1080 +Params.EXTRAPOLATE_MARGIN/2,...
Params.EXTRAPOLATE_MARGIN/2 +1 : 1920 +Params.EXTRAPOLATE_MARGIN/2);
targetLum = medfilt2(max(Ims.hdrLum,targetLum_temp), [5 5]);
targetLum(targetLum==0) = targetLum_temp(targetLum==0);
targetLumSm = imresize(targetLum, 1/4);
targetLumSm(targetLumSm < 0) = 0;
% Pass the pictures
Ims.targetLum = targetLum;
Ims.targetLumSm = targetLumSm;
end
function y = inpaintn(x,n,y0,m)
if nargin==0&&nargout==0, RunTheExample, return, end
x = double(x);
if nargin==1 || isempty(n), n = 100; end
sizx = size(x);
d = ndims(x);
Lambda = zeros(sizx);
for i = 1:d
siz0 = ones(1,d);
siz0(i) = sizx(i);
Lambda = bsxfun(@plus,Lambda,...
cos(pi*(reshape(1:sizx(i),siz0)-1)/sizx(i)));
end
Lambda = 2*(d-Lambda);
% Initial condition
W = isfinite(x);
if nargin==3 && ~isempty(y0)
y = y0;
s0 = 3; % note: s = 10^s0
else
if any(~W(:))
[y,s0] = InitialGuess(x,isfinite(x));
else
y = x;
return
end
end
x(~W) = 0;
if isempty(n) || n<=0, n = 100; end
% Smoothness parameters: from high to negligible values
s = logspace(s0,-6,n);
RF = 2; % relaxation factor
if nargin<4 || isempty(m), m = 2; end
Lambda = Lambda.^m;
% h = waitbar(0,'Inpainting...');
for i = 1:n
Gamma = 1./(1+s(i)*Lambda);
y = RF*idctn(Gamma.*dctn(W.*(x-y)+y)) + (1-RF)*y;
% waitbar(i/n,h)
end
% close(h)
y(W) = x(W);
end
%% Initial Guess
function [z,s0] = InitialGuess(y,I)
if license('test','image_toolbox')
%-- nearest neighbor interpolation
[~,L] = bwdist(I);
z = y;
z(~I) = y(L(~I));
s0 = 3; % note: s = 10^s0
else
warning('MATLAB:inpaintn:InitialGuess',...
['BWDIST (Image Processing Toolbox) does not exist. ',...
'The initial guess may not be optimal; additional',...
' iterations can thus be required to ensure complete',...
' convergence. Increase N value if necessary.'])
z = y;
z(~I) = mean(y(I));
s0 = 6; % note: s = 10^s0
end
end
%% Example (3-D)
function RunTheExample
load wind
xmin = min(x(:)); xmax = max(x(:)); %#ok
zmin = min(z(:)); ymax = max(y(:)); %#ok
%-- wind velocity
vel0 = interp3(sqrt(u.^2+v.^2+w.^2),1,'cubic');
x = interp3(x,1); y = interp3(y,1); z = interp3(z,1);
%-- remove randomly 90% of the data
I = randperm(numel(vel0));
velNaN = vel0;
velNaN(I(1:round(numel(I)*.9))) = NaN;
%-- inpaint using INPAINTN
vel = inpaintn(velNaN);
%-- display the results
subplot(221), imagesc(velNaN(:,:,15)), axis equal off
title('Corrupt plane, z = 15')
subplot(222), imagesc(vel(:,:,15)), axis equal off
title('Reconstructed plane, z = 15')
subplot(223)
hsurfaces = slice(x,y,z,vel0,[xmin,100,xmax],ymax,zmin);
set(hsurfaces,'FaceColor','interp','EdgeColor','none')
hcont = contourslice(x,y,z,vel0,[xmin,100,xmax],ymax,zmin);
set(hcont,'EdgeColor',[.7,.7,.7],'LineWidth',.5)
view(3), daspect([2,2,1]), axis tight
title('Actual data compared with...')
subplot(224)
hsurfaces = slice(x,y,z,vel,[xmin,100,xmax],ymax,zmin);
set(hsurfaces,'FaceColor','interp','EdgeColor','none')
hcont = contourslice(x,y,z,vel,[xmin,100,xmax],ymax,zmin);
set(hcont,'EdgeColor',[.7,.7,.7],'LineWidth',.5)
view(3), daspect([2,2,1]), axis tight
title('... reconstructed data')
end
%% DCTN
function y = dctn(y)
y = double(y);
sizy = size(y);
y = squeeze(y);
dimy = ndims(y);
% Some modifications are required if Y is a vector
if isvector(y)
dimy = 1;
if size(y,1)==1, y = y.'; end
end
% Weighting vectors
w = cell(1,dimy);
for dim = 1:dimy
n = (dimy==1)*numel(y) + (dimy>1)*sizy(dim);
w{dim} = exp(1i*(0:n-1)'*pi/2/n);
end
% --- DCT algorithm ---
if ~isreal(y)
y = complex(dctn(real(y)),dctn(imag(y)));
else
for dim = 1:dimy
siz = size(y);
n = siz(1);
y = y([1:2:n 2*floor(n/2):-2:2],:);
y = reshape(y,n,[]);
y = y*sqrt(2*n);
y = ifft(y,[],1);
y = bsxfun(@times,y,w{dim});
y = real(y);
y(1,:) = y(1,:)/sqrt(2);
y = reshape(y,siz);
y = shiftdim(y,1);
end
end
y = reshape(y,sizy);
end
%% IDCTN
function y = idctn(y)
y = double(y);
sizy = size(y);
y = squeeze(y);
dimy = ndims(y);
% Some modifications are required if Y is a vector
if isvector(y)
dimy = 1;
if size(y,1)==1
y = y.';
end
end
% Weighing vectors
w = cell(1,dimy);
for dim = 1:dimy
n = (dimy==1)*numel(y) + (dimy>1)*sizy(dim);
w{dim} = exp(1i*(0:n-1)'*pi/2/n);
end
% --- IDCT algorithm ---
if ~isreal(y)
y = complex(idctn(real(y)),idctn(imag(y)));
else
for dim = 1:dimy
siz = size(y);
n = siz(1);
y = reshape(y,n,[]);
y = bsxfun(@times,y,w{dim});
y(1,:) = y(1,:)/sqrt(2);
y = ifft(y,[],1);
y = real(y*sqrt(2*n));
I = (1:n)*0.5+0.5;
I(2:2:end) = n-I(1:2:end-1)+1;
y = y(I,:);
y = reshape(y,siz);
y = shiftdim(y,1);
end
end
y = reshape(y,sizy);
end
function Ims = findLedValues(Params, Ims)
%if imNo == 1
% Sample the Target Luminance
leds = 3*sqrt(Ims.targetLumSm).*Params.ledMapSm;
% Clip if the LED values exceed maximum LED value
if max(max(leds))>Params.LED_MAX_LUM,
leds(leds>Params.LED_MAX_LUM)=Params.LED_MAX_LUM;
end
% Find the luminance created by LEDs by taking convolution of LED
% values and Point Spread Function (PSF). To reduce complexity both LED
% values and PSF are their small version.
ledLumSm = conv2(leds, Params.led_psfSm, 'same');
% Update LED values by finding the ratio between the expected
% illumination created by L vector and the desired back illumination.
% Then, this scale has been multiplied with the LED values in order to
% get a much more closer approximation to the desired backlight values.
% Scale the LEDs
Params.SAFETY_MARGIN = 30;
scale = imdilate(Ims.targetLumSm + Params.SAFETY_MARGIN, ones(25,25))./ledLumSm;
leds2 = (leds + 0.1).*scale.*spreadmap(size(Ims.targetLumSm),Params.led_psfSm);
% Clip if the LED values exceed maximum LED value
if max(max(leds2))>Params.LED_MAX_LUM,
leds2(leds2>Params.LED_MAX_LUM)=Params.LED_MAX_LUM;
end
% Find the luminance created by LEDs
ledLum2 = conv2(leds2,Params.led_psfSm, 'same');
Ims.ledLumPrevSm = imfilter(ledLum2, fspecial('disk',5));
tempVec = findledvals(leds2./Params.LED_MAX_LUM, Params.ledLabelsSm);
Ims.ledValsPrev = tempVec(:,2);
%end
%% Iterative Update
% Find the final LED values after an iterative scaling step
% Initialize for iteration
ledLumNew = Ims.ledLumPrevSm;
ledLumOld = ledLumSm;
ledsNew = zeros(size(Ims.ledLumPrevSm));
ledsNew(Params.ledIndicesSm) = Ims.ledValsPrev;
iterNum = 0;
% Iterate until the error between consecutive luminance value maps are
% decreased a certain threshold, decided as 100.
while sum(sum((pu_encode(ledLumNew) - pu_encode(ledLumOld)).^2)) > 10
scaleIt = Ims.targetLumSm./ledLumNew;
% Scale the values and clip values under 0 and above MAX
ledsNew = clipim(ledsNew.*scaleIt, Params.LED_MAX_LUM, 0);
% Find the luminance values wrt newly found LED values
ledLumOld = ledLumNew;
ledLumNew = conv2(ledsNew, Params.led_psfSm, 'same');
iterNum = iterNum + 1;
end
% Find LED values after iteration
tempVec = findledvals(ledsNew./Params.LED_MAX_LUM, Params.ledLabelsSm);
ledsValsNew = ceil(tempVec(:,2).*255)./255;
%% Check Power Constraint
% Assume each LED consumes 1.4 Watts of power. Although the presentation
% mentions 1500W power supply, undercalculate the power to be on the safe
% side always.
totalPower = sum(ledsValsNew*1.44);
if(totalPower > 1400)
disp('-!-Maximum power has been reached. LED values will be revised...');
scalingFactor = totalPower/1400;
% If maximum power is reached, scale it down
ledsValsNewPow = ledsValsNew/scalingFactor;
ledsValsNewPow = ceil(ledsValsNewPow.*255)./255;
else
ledsValsNewPow = ledsValsNew;
end
% Replace the LED values after scaling, and find the backlight
% luminance
ledsValsNewIm = placeleds(ledsValsNewPow, [1080 1920], Params.ledIndices);
baseLum = conv2(ledsValsNewIm.*Params.LED_MAX_LUM, Params.led_psf, 'same');
% Pass values
%Ims.ledLumPrevSm = ledLumNew;
Ims.ledVals = ledsValsNewPow;
Ims.baseLum = baseLum;
end
function Ims = findLcdValues(Params, Ims)
% If the extension is ".hdr" then multiply w/ constant
if strcmp(Ims.fileXt,'.hdr')
lcdLinear = cat(3, Params.LUMINANCE_HDR_CONSTANT*Ims.lastIm(:,:,1)./Ims.baseLum,...
cat(3, Params.LUMINANCE_HDR_CONSTANT*Ims.lastIm(:,:,2)./Ims.baseLum,...
Params.LUMINANCE_HDR_CONSTANT*Ims.lastIm(:,:,3)./Ims.baseLum));
elseif strcmp(Ims.fileXt,'.exr')
lcdLinear = cat(3, Ims.lastIm(:,:,1)./Ims.baseLum,...
cat(3, Ims.lastIm(:,:,2)./Ims.baseLum,...
Ims.lastIm(:,:,3)./Ims.baseLum));
end
% Clip LCD values that exceed 1, and apply Gamma correction
lcdLinear(lcdLinear>1) = 1;
lcdLinear(lcdLinear<0) = 0;
lcdGamCorrd = lcdgammacorr(lcdLinear);
% Apply contrast enhancement step - Find histogram of LCD values, when
% the cumulative value of these histogram bins reach pre-determined
% threshold of << mean(histVals(:))/2 >> take that bin and stretch that
% value to 0
histVals = hist(lcdGamCorrd(:),500);
cumHistVals = cumsum(histVals);
minInd = find( cumHistVals > mean(histVals(:))/2 ,1)/500;
lcdGamCorrd = imadjust(lcdGamCorrd, [minInd, minInd, minInd; 1 1 1], []);
% Convert it to unit8 data type
Ims.lcdGamCorrdUint8 = uint8(lcdGamCorrd*255);
end
function ledVals = findledvals(image, ledLabels)
% Concatanate the image and ledLabels
togetherArray = cat(3, ledLabels, image);
togetherVector = reshape(togetherArray, [], 2);
% Sort the rows to have LED IDs at the bottom
ledValsTemp = sortrows(togetherVector,1);
ledVals = ledValsTemp(end-2201:end,:);
end
function resArray = lcdgammacorr(inpVal, chanNum, valsArray)
% If not manually entered, load predetermined values
if ~exist('valsArray','var')
load('lcdGammaCorr.mat');
end
% Gamma correct image according to channel number
if size(inpVal, 3) == 3
resArray(:,:,1) = fnredval(inpVal(:,:,1), valsArray(1,:));
resArray(:,:,2) = fngrnval(inpVal(:,:,2), valsArray(2,:));
resArray(:,:,3) = fnbluval(inpVal(:,:,3), valsArray(3,:));
elseif size(inpVal, 3) == 1
if chanNum == 1
resArray = fnredval(inpVal,valsArray(1,:));
elseif chanNum == 2
resArray = fngrnval(inpVal,valsArray(2,:));
elseif chanNum == 3
resArray = fnbluval(inpVal,valsArray(3,:));
end
else
error('wrong operation in lcdGammaVals...');
end
end
% Process Red Channel
function res = fnredval(inpX, valsRed)
% Interpolate for intermediate values
lowVal = valsRed(floor(inpX*255)+1);
upVal = valsRed(ceil(inpX*255)+1);
powRed = lowVal + (inpX-floor(inpX)).*(upVal-lowVal);
res = inpX.^(1./powRed);
end
% Process Green Channel
function res = fngrnval(inpX, valsGrn)
% Interpolate for intermediate values
lowVal = valsGrn(floor(inpX*255)+1);
upVal = valsGrn(ceil(inpX*255)+1);
powGrn = lowVal + (inpX-floor(inpX)).*(upVal-lowVal);
res = inpX.^(1./powGrn);
end
% Process Blue Channel
function res = fnbluval(inpX, valsBlu)
% Interpolate for intermediate values
lowVal = valsBlu(floor(inpX*255)+1);
upVal = valsBlu(ceil(inpX*255)+1);
powBlu = lowVal + (inpX-floor(inpX)).*(upVal-lowVal);
res = inpX.^(1./powBlu);
end
function resArray = lcdgammacorrinv(inpVal, chanNum, valsArray)
if ~exist('valsArray','var')
load('lcdGammaCorr.mat');
valsArray = ones(size(valsArray))./valsArray;
end
% Inverse Gamma correct image according to channel number
if size(inpVal, 3) == 3
resArray(:,:,1) = fnRedVal(inpVal(:,:,1),valsArray(1,:));
resArray(:,:,2) = fnGrnVal(inpVal(:,:,2),valsArray(2,:));
resArray(:,:,3) = fnBluVal(inpVal(:,:,3),valsArray(3,:));
elseif size(inpVal, 3) == 1
if chanNum == 1
resArray = fnRedVal(inpVal,valsArray(1,:));
elseif chanNum == 2
resArray = fnGrnVal(inpVal,valsArray(2,:));
elseif chanNum == 3
resArray = fnBluVal(inpVal,valsArray(3,:));
end
else
error('wrong operation in lcdGammaVals...');
end
end
% Process Red Channel
function res = fnRedVal(inpX, valsRed)
% Interpolate for intermediate values
lowVal = valsRed(floor(inpX*255)+1);
upVal = valsRed(ceil(inpX*255)+1);
powRed = lowVal + (inpX-floor(inpX)).*(upVal-lowVal);
res = inpX.^(1./powRed);
end
% Process Green Channel
function res = fnGrnVal(inpX, valsGrn)
% Interpolate for intermediate values
lowVal = valsGrn(floor(inpX*255)+1);
upVal = valsGrn(ceil(inpX*255)+1);
powGrn = lowVal + (inpX-floor(inpX)).*(upVal-lowVal);
res = inpX.^(1./powGrn);
end
% Process Blue Channel
function res = fnBluVal(inpX, valsBlu)
% Interpolate for intermediate values
lowVal = valsBlu(floor(inpX*255)+1);
upVal = valsBlu(ceil(inpX*255)+1);
powBlu = lowVal + (inpX-floor(inpX)).*(upVal-lowVal);
res = inpX.^(1./powBlu);
end
function [ledsPlaced, ledIndices] = placeleds(ledArray, imSize, ledIndices)
if(~exist('ledIndices', 'var'))
% Find locations of LEDs
[~, ~, ledIndices] = findLEDpositions(imSize);
end
% Create an empty image and place LED values
ledsPlaced = zeros(imSize(1:2));
ledsPlaced(ledIndices) = ledArray;
end
function impactMap = spreadmap(imSize, ledPsf, ledMax)
if(~exist('ledMax', 'var')), ledMax = 235; end;
% Find luminance values if all the LEDs are turned on
ledMap = findledpositions(imSize(1:2), 0);
ledLum = conv2(ledMap*ledMax,ledPsf, 'same');
% Divide all the luminance values found by the center pixel's value
midVal = round(ledLum(imSize(1)/2,imSize(2)/2));
impactMap = repmat(midVal, imSize(1:2))./ledLum;
end
function clippedIm = clipim(image, upLim, lowLim)
% Check if upLim >= lowLim
if upLim < lowLim,
error('Upper limit cannot be smaller than lower limit!!');
end
clippedIm = image;
clippedIm(image>upLim) = upLim;
clippedIm(image<lowLim) = lowLim;
end
function [hdrImDviP, ledLum3d] = dviplus2hdrim(ledVals, lcdVals, led_psf)
if ~exist('led_psf','var'),
led_psf = lum(hdrimread('psf_model.pfm'));
end
LED_MAX_LUM = 180;
% Get LED Values
[~, ~, ledIndices] = findledpositions(size(lcdVals), 0);
% Find luminance map
tempIm = zeros(size(lcdVals,1),size(lcdVals,2));
tempIm(ledIndices) = double(ledVals)./255;
ledLum = conv2(tempIm, led_psf*LED_MAX_LUM, 'same');
ledLum3d = repmat(ledLum,[1 1 3]);
% Take RGB Values
tempIm = double(lcdVals);
tempIm = tempIm/255;
% Remove gamma-correction
lcdRatio = lcdgammacorrinv(tempIm);
% Normalize the image between 0.005-1 to simulate the light leakage caused
% by the LCD non-ideality.
lcdRatio = normim(lcdRatio, 1, 0.005);
% Find HDR Image by multiplying the luminance and LCD values
hdrImDviP = ledLum3d.*lcdRatio;
end
function normalizedIm = normim(image, upLim, lowLim)
%NORMIM Normalize the given image within the range defined.
%
% NORMALIZEDIM = NORMIM(IMAGE, UPLIM, LOWLIM) Normalizes the input IMAGE
% within the range defined by UPLIM and LOWLIM. So that, the minimum
% value of the NORMALIZEDIM becomes LOWLIM and the maximum value becomes
% UPLIM.
%
% Examples:
% normalizedIm = normim(image, 1, 0)
% normalizedIm = normim(image, 1, 0.005)
% normalizedIm = normim(image, 10, -10)
%
% ---------------------
% - Emin Zerman / [email protected]
% - Created: 04/05/2015
% - Telecom ParisTech - TSI - MM
% ---------------------
% If lowLim and upLim are not supplied, normalize between 0-1
if ~exist('upLim','var'),
upLim = 1;
end
if ~exist('lowLim','var'),
lowLim = 0;
end
% Find the scale and remove any offset
targetScale = upLim - lowLim;
imScale = max(image(:)) - min(image(:));
% Scale the image and normalize within range
normalizedIm = image*targetScale/imScale;
normalizedIm = normalizedIm - (min(normalizedIm(:)) - lowLim);
end
function dviPlusIm = getdviplusim(ledVals, lcdVals, fileName)
%% Create DVI Plus header
% Since the DVI+ image uses first two lines to pass the information about
% LEDs, we have to write this information in the first two lines of the
% image.
newImage = zeros(size(lcdVals));
% Write DVI+ header for display to understand this image is a special image
dviPheader = [...
158 158 158;
23 23 23;
211 211 211;
36 36 36;
198 198 198;
53 53 53;
187 187 187;
79 79 79;
0 0 0;
0 0 0;
59 36 0;
127 71 55;
0 0 0;
8 153 7];