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ixi_SC_tutorial_08.ps
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ixi_SC_tutorial_08.ps
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do_header
5 466 M
(// =====================================================================) s
5 458 M
(// - SuperCollider Basics -) s
5 450 M
(// =====================================================================) s
5 434 M
(// Tutorial 08 - Buffers and Samples) s
5 418 M
(// =====================================================================) s
5 410 M
(// - ixi audio tutorial - www.ixi-audio.net) s
5 402 M
(// =====================================================================) s
5 378 M
(/* ) s
5 370 M
( ---------------------------------------------------------------) s
5 362 M
( Copyright \(c\) 2005-2008, ixi audio.) s
5 354 M
( This work is licensed under a Creative Commons ) s
5 346 M
( Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.0 England & Wales License.) s
5 338 M
( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/uk/) s
5 330 M
( ---------------------------------------------------------------) s
5 322 M
(*/) s
5 290 M
(// ========== Contents of this tutorial ==========) s
5 274 M
(// 1\) Allocating a buffer) s
5 266 M
(// 2\) Reading a buffer) s
5 258 M
(// 3\) Streaming a buffer) s
5 250 M
(// 4\) Record into buffer) s
5 242 M
(// 5\) Fill a buffer) s
5 234 M
(// 6\) Pitch and Time changes in playback) s
5 226 M
(// 7\) Using BufWr and BufRd) s
5 170 M
(// 1\) ========= Allocating a buffer ==========) s
5 154 M
(/* ) s
5 146 M
(A buffer is a globally available array of floating point numbers stored) s
5 138 M
(on the server. It can hold all kinds of data, most typically sampled audio.) s
5 130 M
(*/) s
5 114 M
(// we create a buffer: \(server, frames, number of channels\)) s
5 106 M
(// \(allocating space on the server for the information to enter the buffer\)) s
5 98 M
(b = Buffer.alloc\(s, 44100 * 8.0, 2\); // 4 seconds of sound on a 44100 Hz system, 2 cha) s
5 90 M
(nnels) s
5 74 M
(// in the post window we get this information:) s
5 66 M
(// - > Buffer\(10, 352800, 2, 44100, nil\) // bufnum, samples, channels, sample-rate, p) s
5 58 M
(ath) s
5 42 M
(b = Buffer.alloc\(s, 44100 * 8.0, 4\); // 2 seconds of sound on a 44100 Hz system, 4 cha) s
5 34 M
(nnels) s
5 18 M
(// and we can get to this information by calling the server:) s
5 10 M
(b.bufnum.postln;) s
377 482 M
(// we can check the number of frames \(samples\)) s
377 474 M
(b.numFrames.postln;) s
377 458 M
(// and the number of channels) s
377 450 M
(b.numChannels.postln;) s
377 434 M
(//which means that the following should give us the length of the sample in seconds:) s
377 426 M
(\(b.numFrames / b.numChannels \) / 44100) s
377 410 M
(// to free the buffer from the server:) s
377 402 M
(b.free;) s
377 386 M
(// Buffers are loaded into RAM, so it depends on your system how many you can load.) s
377 370 M
(// open the terminal, type top, run the server and then run this line.) s
377 362 M
(a = Array.fill\(10, {Buffer.alloc\(s,44100 * 8.0, 2\)}\);) s
377 346 M
(// you see how the memory of scsynth increases) s
377 330 M
(// now, run the following line and the memory is de-allocated.) s
377 322 M
(10.do\({arg i; a[i].free;}\)) s
377 306 M
(// or simply) s
377 298 M
(a.collect\(_.free;\)) s
377 282 M
(///////////// sidestep.... try this:) s
377 274 M
(a = [1,2,3,4,5,6];) s
377 266 M
(b = a.collect\(_ + 100\);) s
377 258 M
(\("a is : "+a\).postln;) s
377 250 M
(\("b is : "+b\).postln;) s
377 242 M
(//////////////////////) s
377 202 M
(// 2\) ========= Reading a buffer ==========) s
377 186 M
(b = Buffer.read\(s, "sounds/a11wlk01.wav"\);) s
377 178 M
(b.bufnum.postln; // let's check its bufnum) s
377 162 M
(// now play it) s
377 154 M
(\() s
377 146 M
(SynthDef\(\\playBuf,{ arg out = 0, bufnum;) s
377 138 M
( var signal;) s
377 130 M
( signal = PlayBuf.ar\(1, bufnum, BufRateScale.kr\(bufnum\)\);) s
377 122 M
( Out.ar\(out, signal ! 2\)) s
377 114 M
(}\).load\(s\)) s
377 106 M
(\)) s
377 98 M
(x = Synth\(\\playBuf, [\\bufnum, b.bufnum]\) // we pass in the number of the buffer) s
377 82 M
(x.free; // free the synth ) s
377 74 M
(b.free; // free the buffer) s
377 66 M
( ) s
377 58 M
(// for many buffers, the typical thing to do is to load them into an array:) s
377 50 M
(b = Array.fill\(10, {Buffer.read\(s, "sounds/a11wlk01.wav"\)}\);) s
377 34 M
(// and then we can access it from the index in the array) s
377 26 M
(x = Synth\(\\playBuf, [\\bufnum, b[2].bufnum]\)) s
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do_header
5 474 M
(// 3\) ========= Streaming a buffer ==========) s
5 450 M
(// To use longer files \(say you want to create a sequencer like Logic\)) s
5 442 M
(// it is better to use DiskIn \(which reads the file from disk, ie. not loaded into RAM) s
5 434 M
(\)) s
5 418 M
(// Then we still need a buffer \(but we are cueing it, i.e. not filling\)) s
5 410 M
(b = Buffer.cueSoundFile\(s, "sounds/a11wlk01-44_1.aiff", 0, 1\);) s
5 394 M
(\() s
5 386 M
(SynthDef\(\\playcuedBuf,{ arg out = 0, bufnum;) s
5 378 M
( var signal;) s
5 370 M
( signal = DiskIn.ar\(1, bufnum\);) s
5 362 M
( Out.ar\(out, signal ! 2\)) s
5 354 M
(}\).load\(s\)) s
5 346 M
(\)) s
5 330 M
(x = Synth\(\\playcuedBuf, [\\bufnum, b.bufnum], s\)) s
5 314 M
(// NOTE: As of July 2007, you can also just pass the buffer and) s
5 306 M
(// not the bufnum to the DiskIn or the PlayBuf. ) s
5 298 M
(// See: http://www.create.ucsb.edu/pipermail/sc-users/2007-July/035622.html) s
5 258 M
(// 4\) ========= Recording into a buffer ==========) s
5 242 M
(b = Buffer.alloc\(s, 44100 * 8.0, 1\); // 8 second mono buffer) s
5 226 M
(\() s
5 218 M
(SynthDef\(\\recBuf,{ arg out=0, bufnum=0;) s
5 210 M
( var in;) s
5 202 M
( in = AudioIn.ar\(1\);) s
5 194 M
( RecordBuf.ar\(in, bufnum\);) s
5 186 M
(}\).load\(s\);) s
5 178 M
(\)) s
5 162 M
(// we record into the buffer) s
5 154 M
(x = Synth\(\\recBuf, [\\out, 0, \\bufnum, b.bufnum]\);) s
5 146 M
(x.free;) s
5 130 M
(// and we can play it back using the playBuf synthdef we created above) s
5 122 M
(z = Synth\(\\playBuf, [\\bufnum, b.bufnum]\)) s
5 114 M
(z.free;) s
5 98 M
(// if we like it, we can write it to disk as a soundfile:) s
5 90 M
(b.write\("myBufRecording.aif", "AIFF", 'int16'\);) s
5 74 M
(// TIP: play with the recLevel and preLevel of a buffer) s
5 66 M
(// to overdub into the buffer, creating layers of sound.) s
5 58 M
(// or perhaps "I'm Sitting in a Room" exercise a la Lucier.) s
5 18 M
(// 5\) ========= Fill a buffer ==========) s
5 2 M
(// The Osc UGen is a wavetable look-up oscillator) s
377 482 M
(\() s
377 474 M
(SynthDef\(\\oscplayer,{ arg out = 0, bufnum;) s
377 466 M
( var signal;) s
377 458 M
( signal = Osc.ar\(bufnum, MouseX.kr\(60,300\)\); // mouse x to control pitch) s
377 450 M
( Out.ar\(out, signal ! 2\)) s
377 442 M
(}\).load\(s\)) s
377 434 M
(\)) s
377 410 M
(b = Buffer.alloc\(s, 512, 1\); // we allocate 512 samples \(the buffer size must be the p) s
377 402 M
(ower of 2\)) s
377 394 M
(b.sine1\(1.0/[1,2,3,4], true, true, true\);) s
377 386 M
(b.plot // notise somthing strange?) s
377 370 M
(// check this:) s
377 362 M
(\() s
377 354 M
(b.getToFloatArray\(action: { |array| \312{ array[0, 2..].plot }.defer }\);) s
377 346 M
(\)) s
377 330 M
(// let's listen to it) s
377 322 M
(a = Synth\(\\oscplayer, [\\bufnum, b.bufnum]\)) s
377 314 M
(a.free;) s
377 290 M
(// a saw wave:) s
377 274 M
(b = Buffer.alloc\(s, 512, 1\);) s
377 266 M
(b.sine1\(1.0/Array.series\(90,1,1\)*2, false, true, true\);) s
377 258 M
(b.getToFloatArray\(action: { |array| \312{ array[0, 2..].plot }.defer }\);) s
377 242 M
(// play it) s
377 234 M
(a = Synth\(\\oscplayer, [\\bufnum, b.bufnum]\)) s
377 226 M
(a.free;) s
377 202 M
(// fill it with random numbers) s
377 194 M
(b = Buffer.alloc\(s, 512, 1\);) s
377 186 M
(b.sine1\(Array.fill\(50, {1.0.rand}\), true, true, true\);) s
377 178 M
(b.getToFloatArray\(action: { |array| \312{ array[0, 2..].plot }.defer }\);) s
377 154 M
(// let's listen to it) s
377 146 M
(a = Synth\(\\oscplayer, [\\bufnum, b.bufnum]\)) s
377 138 M
(a.free;) s
377 106 M
(// use an envelope to fill a buffer) s
377 98 M
(a = Env\([0, 1, 0.2, 0.3, -1, 0.3, 0], [0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1], \\sin\).plot;) s
377 82 M
(// ENVELOPE turned into a SIGNAL and then into a WAVETABLE) s
377 74 M
(c = a.asSignal\(512\).asWavetable;) s
377 66 M
(c.size; // the size of the wavetable is twice the size of the signal... 1024) s
377 50 M
(// now we neet to put this wavetable into a buffer:) s
377 42 M
(b = Buffer.alloc\(s, 512\);) s
377 34 M
(b.setn\(0, c\);) s
377 18 M
(// play it) s
377 10 M
(a = Synth\(\\oscplayer, [\\bufnum, b.bufnum]\)) s
377 2 M
(a.free;) s
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% User defined strings:
/fmodstr (Sun Mar 09 08:06:25 2008) def
/pagenumstr (3) def
/user_header_p false def
/user_footer_p false def
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do_header
5 458 M
(// and for the sake of exhaustibility, check out Signal as well:) s
5 442 M
(x = Signal.sineFill\(512, [0,0,0,1]\);) s
5 434 M
([x, x.neg, x.abs, x.sign, x.squared, x.cubed, ) s
5 426 M
(x.asin.normalize, x.exp.normalize, x.distort].flop.flat.plot\(numChannels: 9\);) s
5 410 M
(c = x.exp.normalize.asWavetable; // try the other unary operators on the signal) s
5 394 M
(b = Buffer.alloc\(s, 512\);) s
5 386 M
(b.setn\(0, c\); // put the wavetable into the buffer so Osc can read it.) s
5 370 M
(// play it) s
5 362 M
(a = Synth\(\\oscplayer, [\\bufnum, b.bufnum]\)) s
5 354 M
(a.free;) s
5 322 M
(// 6\) ========= Pitch and time changes ==========) s
5 298 M
(b = Buffer.read\(s, "sounds/a11wlk01-44_1.aiff"\);) s
5 282 M
(// The most common way) s
5 274 M
(// here double rate \(and pitch\) results in half the length \(time\) of the file) s
5 258 M
(\() s
5 250 M
(SynthDef\(\\playBuf,{ arg out = 0, bufnum;) s
5 242 M
( var signal;) s
5 234 M
( signal = PlayBuf.ar\(1, bufnum, MouseX.kr\(0.2, 4\), loop:1\);) s
5 226 M
( Out.ar\(out, signal ! 2\)) s
5 218 M
(}\).load\(s\)) s
5 210 M
(\)) s
5 194 M
(x = Synth\(\\playBuf, [\\bufnum, b.bufnum]\)) s
5 186 M
(x.free) s
5 162 M
(// we could use PitchShift to change the pitch without changing the time) s
5 154 M
(// PitchShift is a granular synthesis pitch shifter \(other techniques include Phase Vo) s
5 146 M
(coders\)) s
5 130 M
(\() s
5 122 M
(SynthDef\(\\playBufWPitchShift,{ arg out = 0, bufnum;) s
5 114 M
( var signal;) s
5 106 M
( signal = PlayBuf.ar\(1, bufnum, 1, loop:1\);) s
5 98 M
( signal = PitchShift.ar\() s
5 90 M
( signal, // stereo audio input) s
5 82 M
( 0.1, // grain size) s
5 74 M
( MouseX.kr\(0,2\), // mouse x controls pitch shift ratio) s
5 66 M
( 0, // pitch dispersion) s
5 58 M
( 0.004 // time dispersion) s
5 50 M
( \);) s
5 42 M
( Out.ar\(out, signal ! 2\)) s
5 34 M
(}\).load\(s\)) s
5 26 M
(\)) s
5 10 M
(x = Synth\(\\playBufWPitchShift, [\\bufnum, b.bufnum]\)) s
5 2 M
(x.free) s
377 466 M
(// for time streching check out the Warp0, Warp1 Ugens.) s
377 426 M
(// 7\) ========= BufRd and BufWr ==========) s
377 410 M
(// Here we use BufRd \(Buffer Read\) to play the contents of a buffer at a given index) s
377 402 M
(// We use Phasor as index to move between the start and the end of the buffer.) s
377 386 M
({ BufRd.ar\(1, b.bufnum, Phasor.ar\(0, 1, 0, BufFrames.kr\(b\)\)\) }.play;) s
377 370 M
(// use SinOsc to modulate the playrate) s
377 362 M
({ BufRd.ar\(1, b.bufnum, Phasor.ar\(0, SinOsc.ar\(1\).range\(0.5, 1.5\), 0, BufFrames.kr\(b\)\)) s
377 354 M
(\) }.play;) s
377 338 M
(// Write into buffer:) s
377 330 M
(\() s
377 322 M
(y = { arg rate=1; ) s
377 314 M
( var signal;) s
377 306 M
( signal = SinOsc.ar\(LFNoise1.kr\(2, 300, 400\), 0, 0.1\);) s
377 298 M
( BufWr.ar\(signal, b.bufnum, Phasor.ar\(0, BufRateScale.kr\(0\) * rate, 0, BufFrame) s
377 290 M
(s.kr\(0\)\)\);) s
377 282 M
( 0.0 //quiet) s
377 274 M
(}.play;) s
377 266 M
(\)) s
377 250 M
(// play it back) s
377 242 M
({ BufRd.ar\(1, b.bufnum, Phasor.ar\(0, 1, 0, BufFrames.kr\(b.bufnum\)\)\) }.play;) s
377 226 M
(y.free;) s
377 194 M
(// Scratching the buffer with the mouse) s
377 178 M
(b = Buffer.read\(s, "sounds/a11wlk01.wav"\);) s
377 162 M
(SynthDef\(\\xiiscratch, {arg bufnum, pitch=1, start=0, end;) s
377 154 M
( var signal;) s
377 146 M
( signal = BufRd.ar\(1, bufnum, Lag.ar\(K2A.ar\(MouseX.kr\(1, end\)\), 0.4\)\);) s
377 138 M
( Out.ar\(0, signal!2\);) s
377 130 M
(}\).play\(s, [\\bufnum, b.bufnum, \\end, b.numFrames]\);) s
377 114 M
( ) s
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