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ixi_SC_tutorial_04.ps
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ixi_SC_tutorial_04.ps
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do_header
5 466 M
(// =====================================================================) s
5 458 M
(// - SuperCollider Basics -) s
5 450 M
(// =====================================================================) s
5 434 M
(// Tutorial 04 - Additive Synthesis Basics) s
5 418 M
(// =====================================================================) s
5 410 M
(// - ixi audio tutorial - www.ixi-audio.net) s
5 402 M
(// =====================================================================) s
5 378 M
(/* ) s
5 370 M
( ---------------------------------------------------------------) s
5 362 M
( Copyright \(c\) 2005-2008, ixi audio.) s
5 354 M
( This work is licensed under a Creative Commons ) s
5 346 M
( Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.0 England & Wales License.) s
5 338 M
( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/uk/) s
5 330 M
( ---------------------------------------------------------------) s
5 322 M
(*/) s
5 290 M
(// ========== Contents of this tutorial ==========) s
5 274 M
(// 1\) Creating complex waves out of sines) s
5 266 M
(// 2\) Bell Synthesis) s
5 258 M
(// 3\) Stupid harmonics GUI) s
5 250 M
(// 4\) Some Additive SynthDefs with routines playing them) s
5 242 M
(// 5\) Polishook patch) s
5 234 M
(// 6\) Using Control) s
5 226 M
(// 7\) Using Klang and DynKlang) s
5 194 M
(/* ) s
5 186 M
(The Fourier Theorem states that any sound can be described as a function) s
5 178 M
(made out of pure sinewaves. If we add enough sinewaves together with different) s
5 170 M
(frequency, phase and amplitude envelopes, we can simulate any sound. ) s
5 162 M
(*/) s
5 146 M
(// making complex sounds out of sinusoidals) s
5 130 M
(Server.default = s = Server.internal.boot;) s
5 114 M
(// create a new analyzer) s
5 106 M
(FreqScope.new\(500, 300\);) s
5 82 M
(// so what's additive synthesis?) s
5 74 M
(// adding waves together:) s
5 66 M
({SinOsc.ar\(440,0, 0.4\) + SinOsc.ar\(880, 0, 0.4\)!2}.play) s
5 50 M
(// etc:) s
5 34 M
(\() s
5 26 M
({ ) s
5 18 M
(var freq = 200;) s
5 10 M
(SinOsc.ar\(freq, 0, 0.2\) + ) s
5 2 M
(SinOsc.ar\(freq*2, 0, 0.2\) +) s
377 482 M
(SinOsc.ar\(freq*3, 0, 0.2\) + ) s
377 474 M
(SinOsc.ar\(freq*4, 0, 0.2\) ) s
377 466 M
(!2}.play) s
377 458 M
(\)) s
377 442 M
(// but this is not really practical) s
377 418 M
(// first a little trick:) s
377 402 M
(// a\) here is an array with 5 items:) s
377 394 M
(Array.fill\(5, {arg i; i.postln;}\);) s
377 378 M
(// b\) this is the same as \(using a shortcut\):) s
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({arg i; i.postln;}.dup\(5\)) s
377 354 M
(// c\) or simply \(using another shortcut\):) s
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({arg i; i.postln;}!5) s
377 330 M
(// d\) we can then sum the items in the array \(add them together\):) s
377 322 M
(Array.fill\(5, {arg i; i.postln;}\).sum;) s
377 306 M
(// e\) we could do it this way as well:) s
377 298 M
(sum\({arg i; i.postln;}.dup\(5\)\);) s
377 282 M
(// f\) or this way:) s
377 274 M
(\({arg i; i.postln;}.dup\(5\)\).sum;) s
377 258 M
(// g\) or this way:) s
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(\({arg i; i.postln;}!5\).sum;) s
377 234 M
(// h\) or simply this way:) s
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(sum\({arg i; i.postln;}!5\);) s
377 170 M
(// 1\) ========= Creating complex waves out of sines ==========) s
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(// NOW, let's get started:) s
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(// A saw wave) s
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(// where the harmonics \(overtones\) are decreasing in amplitude) s
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(// \(harmonics are integer multiples of the fundamental\)) s
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(\() s
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(f = {) s
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( \({arg i;) s
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( var j = i + 1;) s
377 58 M
( SinOsc.ar\(300 * j, 0, 0.6/j\) // try pi in the phase argument) s
377 50 M
( } ! 30\).sum // we sum this function 30 times) s
377 42 M
(!2}; // and we make it a stereo signal) s
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(\)) s
377 18 M
(f.plot;) s
377 10 M
(f.play;) s
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(// Inverse saw wave) s
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(\() s
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(f = {) s
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( \({arg i;) s
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( var j = i + 1;) s
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( SinOsc.ar\(300 * j, pi, 0.6/j\) // note pi ) s
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( } ! 30\).sum;) s
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(};) s
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(\)) s
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(f.plot;) s
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(f.play;) s
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(// Pulse wave) s
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(// pulse wave \(If the length of the on time of the pulse is equal to the length of th) s
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(e ) s
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(// off time \(also known as a duty cycle of 1:1\) then the pulse wave may also be ) s
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(// called a square wave.) s
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(\() s
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(f = {) s
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( \({arg i;) s
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( var j = i * 2 + 1; // the odd harmonics \(1,3,5,7,etc\)) s
5 274 M
( SinOsc.ar\(300 * j, 0, 1/j\)) s
5 266 M
( } ! 20\).sum;) s
5 258 M
(};) s
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(\)) s
5 234 M
(f.plot;) s
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(f.play;) s
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(// triangle wave) s
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(\() s
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(f = {) s
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( \({arg i;) s
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( var j = i * 2 + 1;) s
5 154 M
( SinOsc.ar\(300 * j, pi/2, 0.7/j.squared\) // cosine wave \(phase shift\)) s
5 146 M
( } ! 20\).sum;) s
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(};) s
5 130 M
(\)) s
5 114 M
(f.plot;) s
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(f.play;) s
5 82 M
(// and how would we create a synth definition out of this.... simple:) s
5 74 M
(SynthDef\(\\triwave, {arg freq=400;) s
5 66 M
( Out.ar\(0, ) s
5 58 M
( \({arg i;) s
5 50 M
( var j = i * 2 + 1;) s
5 42 M
( SinOsc.ar\(freq * j, pi/2, 0.6 / j.squared\) // cosine wave \(phase shift) s
5 34 M
(\)) s
5 26 M
( } ! 20\).sum // sum all the waves into one) s
5 18 M
( !2\) // make the signal stereo) s
5 10 M
(}\).load\(s\)) s
377 482 M
(Synth\(\\triwave, [\\freq, 300]\)) s
377 474 M
(Synth\(\\triwave, [\\freq, 900]\)) s
377 458 M
(// \(But we don't need to as there is a UGen \(written in C, thus faster\) called LFTri\)) s
377 434 M
(////////////////////// funky waves:) s
377 418 M
(// nice one) s
377 410 M
(\() s
377 402 M
(f = {) s
377 394 M
( \({arg i;) s
377 386 M
( var j = i + 1;) s
377 378 M
( SinOsc.ar\(MouseX.kr\(20,300\) * j, 0, 0.1/j + i\)) s
377 370 M
( } ! 60\).sum;) s
377 362 M
(}) s
377 354 M
(\)) s
377 346 M
(f.plot\( maxval:nil, minval:nil\);) s
377 338 M
(f.play;) s
377 314 M
(// another \(sine - saw\)) s
377 306 M
(\() s
377 298 M
(f = {) s
377 290 M
( \({arg i;) s
377 282 M
( var j = i + 1;) s
377 274 M
( SinOsc.ar\(MouseX.kr\(20,800\) * j, pi/2, 1/j.squared\)) s
377 266 M
( } ! 30\).sum;) s
377 258 M
(}) s
377 250 M
(\)) s
377 234 M
(f.plot;) s
377 226 M
(f.play;) s
377 202 M
(// ) s
377 194 M
(\() s
377 186 M
(f = {) s
377 178 M
( \({arg i;) s
377 170 M
( var j = i + 1;) s
377 162 M
( SinOsc.ar\(MouseX.kr\(20,800\) * j.distort, pi/2, 1/j.squared\)) s
377 154 M
( } ! 60\).sum;) s
377 146 M
(};) s
377 138 M
(\)) s
377 122 M
(f.plot;) s
377 114 M
(f.play;) s
377 82 M
(// ) s
377 74 M
(\() s
377 66 M
(f = {) s
377 58 M
( \({arg i;) s
377 50 M
( var j = i * 2.cubed + 1;) s
377 42 M
( SinOsc.ar\(MouseX.kr\(20,800\) * j, 0, 1/j\)) s
377 34 M
( } ! 20\).sum;) s
377 26 M
(};) s
377 18 M
(\)) s
377 10 M
(f.plot;) s
377 2 M
(f.play;) s
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5 466 M
(// ) s
5 458 M
(\() s
5 450 M
(f = {) s
5 442 M
( \({arg i;) s
5 434 M
( var j = i * 2.squared.distort + 1;) s
5 426 M
( SinOsc.ar\(MouseX.kr\(20,800\) * j, 0, 1/j\)) s
5 418 M
( } ! 20\).sum;) s
5 410 M
(};) s
5 402 M
(\)) s
5 386 M
(f.plot\(minval:nil, maxval:nil\);) s
5 378 M
(f.play;) s
5 338 M
(// Blip works like Saw, apart from all the harmonics have the same amplitude) s
5 330 M
(// but you can control dynamically how many harmonics there are) s
5 322 M
({ Blip.ar\(200, MouseX.kr\(1,110\),0.8\)!2 }.freqscope;) s
5 306 M
(// compare with a saw wave) s
5 298 M
({ Saw.ar\(200 *MouseX.kr\(1,100\),0.8\)!2 }.freqscope;) s
5 282 M
(// see how the saw wave is band limited \(using the FreqScope\)???) s
5 274 M
(// compare that with a non-band limited UGen like LFSaw) s
5 266 M
({ LFSaw.ar\(200 *MouseX.kr\(1,100\),0.8\)!2 }.freqscope;) s
5 226 M
(// 2\) ========= Bell Synthesis ==========) s
5 210 M
(// we try to create a bell like sound:) s
5 194 M
(// using the synthdef from last tutorial, but we add duration to the envelope) s
5 186 M
(\() s
5 178 M
(SynthDef\(\\stereosineWenv, {arg freq=333, amp=0.4, dur, pan=0.0; // we add a new argume) s
5 170 M
(nt) s
5 162 M
( var signal, env;) s
5 154 M
( env = EnvGen.ar\(Env.perc\(0.01, dur\), doneAction:2\); // doneAction gets rid of ) s
5 146 M
(the synth) s
5 138 M
( signal = SinOsc.ar\(freq, 0, amp\) * env;) s
5 130 M
( signal = Pan2.ar\(signal, pan\);) s
5 122 M
( Out.ar\(0, signal\);) s
5 114 M
(}\).load\(s\) // we load the synthdef into the server) s
5 106 M
(\)) s
5 90 M
(\() s
5 82 M
(var numberOfSynths;) s
5 74 M
(numberOfSynths = 15;) s
5 66 M
(Array.fill\(numberOfSynths, {Synth\(\\stereosineWenv, ) s
5 58 M
( [ \\freq, 300+\(43) s
5 50 M
(0.rand\),) s
5 42 M
( \\phase, 1.0.ra) s
5 34 M
(nd,) s
5 26 M
( \\amp, numberOf) s
5 18 M
(Synths.reciprocal, //.reci = \(1/nr\)) s
5 10 M
( \\dur, 2+\(1.0.r) s
5 2 M
(and\)]\)) s
377 482 M
( ;}\);) s
377 474 M
(\)) s
377 442 M
(// you could also put the array of partials \(inharmonic spectra\) into the synthdef:) s
377 434 M
(\() s
377 426 M
(SynthDef\(\\sabell, {arg freq=333, amp=0.4, dur=2, pan=0.0; // we add a new argument) s
377 418 M
( var signal, env;) s
377 410 M
( env = EnvGen.ar\(Env.perc\(0.01, dur\), doneAction:2\); // doneAction gets rid of ) s
377 402 M
(the synth) s
377 394 M
( signal = Array.fill\(15, {SinOsc.ar\(freq+\(430.rand\), 1.0.rand, 15.reciprocal\)}\)) s
377 386 M
( * env;) s
377 378 M
( signal = Pan2.ar\(signal, pan\);) s
377 370 M
( Out.ar\(0, signal\);) s
377 362 M
(}\).load\(s\)) s
377 354 M
(\)) s
377 338 M
(Synth\(\\sabell\) // same sound all the time) s
377 322 M
(Synth\(\\sabell, [\\freq, 444+\(400.rand\)]\) // new frequency, but same sound) s
377 306 M
(// why?) s
377 290 M
(// this is because the array \(and the 430.rand\) is defined when you compile the) s
377 282 M
(// synth definition. Try to recompile the synthdef and you get a new sound) s
377 266 M
(// This can be good in for many usages, but not the right for others. \(later, we will ) s
377 258 M
(see why\)) s
377 242 M
(// you can also do this using the Klang Ugen) s
377 234 M
(// Klang is a bank of sine oscillators) s
377 218 M
({Klang.ar\(`[ [800, 1000, 1200],[0.3, 0.3, 0.3],[pi,pi,pi]], 1, 0\)}.play) s
377 194 M
(// again, using the synthdef structure compiles it using one array) s