ixi_SC_tutorial_02.ps

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5 466 M
(// =====================================================================) s
5 458 M
(// - SuperCollider Basics -) s
5 450 M
(// =====================================================================) s
5 434 M
(// Tutorial 02 - Server Basics) s
5 418 M
(// =====================================================================) s
5 410 M
(// - ixi audio tutorial - www.ixi-audio.net) s
5 402 M
(// =====================================================================) s
5 378 M
(/*              ) s
5 370 M
(                ---------------------------------------------------------------) s
5 362 M
(                Copyright \(c\) 2005-2008, ixi audio.) s
5 354 M
(                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons ) s
5 346 M
(                Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.0 England & Wales License.) s
5 338 M
(                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/uk/) s
5 330 M
(                ---------------------------------------------------------------) s
5 322 M
(*/) s
5 290 M
(// ========== Contents of this tutorial ==========) s
5 274 M
(//      1\) Booting the server) s
5 266 M
(//      2\) The play and scope functions) s
5 258 M
(//      3\) SynthDefs) s
5 250 M
(//      4\) Getting values back to the language ) s
5 210 M
(// 1\) ========= Booting the server ==========) s
5 194 M
(/*) s
5 178 M
(SuperCollider has an architecture of a sound server and a client \(the language\).) s
5 162 M
(The server is an independent program that can be communicated with using) s
5 154 M
(the OSC \(Open Sound Control\) protocol. All you need to know is its IP address) s
5 146 M
(\(such as "127.0.0.1" or check www.whatsmyip.org\) and its port \(default 57110\).) s
5 130 M
(All sound generation happens on the server and most of the control) s
5 122 M
(happens in the SC language \(sclang\) or any other programming language ) s
5 114 M
(or interface that sends OSC to the server.) s
5 98 M
(On OS X, by default two servers windows appear, localhost and internal. ) s
5 90 M
(The internal is part of the language and runs in the same memory space. ) s
5 82 M
(The localhost server is external to the language, so if it crashes, the ) s
5 74 M
(servers keeps working. Other supercollider clients \(sc-lang\) and other ) s
5 66 M
(programming languages \(on the network, for example\) could communicate to ) s
5 58 M
(the localhost server.) s
5 42 M
(The localhost server is the default server and it is stored in the) s
5 34 M
(global variable "s" \(by convention\).) s
5 18 M
(*/) s
5 2 M
(// s is the server:) s
377 482 M
(// \( if you open the class file of Main.sc, you will see how the "s" variable is set\)) s
377 466 M
(s.postln;) s
377 458 M
(s.addr) s
377 450 M
(s.name // the local host server is the default server \(see Main.sc file\)) s
377 442 M
(s.serverRunning // is it running?) s
377 434 M
(s.avgCPU // how much CPU is it using right now?) s
377 418 M
(// OK, we start the server:) s
377 410 M
(s.boot; // you'll see it starts the localhost server by default) s
377 394 M
(// if we want the internal server to be the default server:) s
377 386 M
(s.quit; // first we quit the localhost server \(which was the default one\)) s
377 370 M
(Server.default = s = Server.internal;) s
377 362 M
(// or in more understandable code:) s
377 354 M
(s = Server.internal;) s
377 346 M
(Server.default = s;) s
377 338 M
(s.boot;) s
377 322 M
(// in some cases we might want create our own server:) s
377 314 M
(// \(if you set up a server to be controlled over the network\)) s
377 298 M
(n = NetAddr\("127.0.0.1", 57200\); // IP \(get it from whatsmyip.org\) and port) s
377 290 M
(p = Server.new\("thor", n\);) s
377 282 M
(p.makeWindow; // make the gui window) s
377 274 M
(p.boot; // boot it) s
377 258 M
(// try the server:) s
377 250 M
({SinOsc.ar\(444\)}.play\(p\);) s
377 242 M
(// stop it) s
377 234 M
(p.quit;) s
377 210 M
(// but let us just use the default \(local\) server:) s
377 202 M
(Server.default = s = Server.local;) s
377 194 M
(s.boot;) s
377 162 M
(// 2\) ========= The play and scope functions ==========) s
377 138 M
(// Function \(see tutorial 1\) can play Unit Generators \(UGens\).) s
377 130 M
(// we try some unit generators \(UGens\) ) s
377 114 M
({SinOsc.ar\(333\)}.play // sine wave) s
377 98 M
({Saw.ar\(333\)}.play // saw wave) s
377 82 M
({LFTri.ar\(333\)}.play // triangle wave) s
377 66 M
(// if you want to scope the wave, use the internal server \(see last tutorial\)) s
377 50 M
(Server.default = s = Server.internal;) s
377 42 M
(s.boot;) s
377 26 M
({LFTri.ar\(333\)}.scope // triangle wave) s
377 10 M
({Saw.ar\(333\)}.scope // saw wave) s
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5 474 M
(// TIP: \(OS X\) Run UGen.browse to get a browser with all the UGens and their methods) s
5 458 M
(UGen.browse;) s
5 426 M
(// 3\) ========= SynthDefs ==========) s
5 410 M
(/*) s
5 402 M
(Synth definitions are UGen graphs written and compiled in SC language and sent) s
5 394 M
(to the server. That's what happens behind the scenes of Function-play) s
5 386 M
(\(just highlight \(Function:play\) and open class def to look at the source code\).) s
5 370 M
(What this means is that the synth def code is evaluated when the synth def is ) s
5 362 M
(COMPILED, not when a synth is instantiated. This means that there are things that) s
5 354 M
(cannot be passed as arguments from the synth, such as if statements, number of) s
5 346 M
(UGens and other things.) s
5 338 M
(*/) s
5 322 M
(// a synth definition of the above:) s
5 306 M
(\() s
5 298 M
(SynthDef\(\\sine, {arg freq=333, amp=0.4;) s
5 290 M
(        Out.ar\(0, SinOsc.ar\(freq, 0, amp\)\);) s
5 282 M
(}\).load\(s\) // we load the synthdef into the server) s
5 274 M
(\)) s
5 258 M
(Synth\(\\sine\); // try it!) s
5 250 M
(// now hit Apple \(or Ctrl\) + dot to stop the synthesis) s
5 226 M
(a = Synth\(\\sine, [\\freq, 777]\); // we assign the synth to a variable) s
5 218 M
(a.set\(\\freq, 444\) // set the frequency from outside) s
5 210 M
(a.set\(\\freq, 333\)) s
5 202 M
(a.set\(\\amp, 0.8\)) s
5 186 M
(a.free; // free the synth) s
5 170 M
(// check out the helpfiles for SynthDef and Synth) s
5 154 M
(// NOTE: We need the Out Ugen in a synth definition to tell the server) s
5 146 M
(// which audiobus the sound should go out of. \(0 is left, 1 is right\)) s
5 130 M
(// which leads up to the question: how to make a stereo signal:) s
5 114 M
(\() s
5 106 M
(SynthDef\(\\stereosine, {arg freq=333, amp=0.4, pan=0.0; // we add a new argument) s
5 98 M
(        var signal;) s
5 90 M
(        signal = SinOsc.ar\(freq, 0, amp\);) s
5 82 M
(        signal = Pan2.ar\(signal, pan\);) s
5 74 M
(        Out.ar\(0, signal\);) s
5 66 M
(}\).load\(s\) // we load the synthdef into the server) s
5 58 M
(\)) s
5 42 M
(Synth\(\\stereosine\); // try it!) s
5 26 M
(// kill the above with Apple+dot and then we run it again) s
5 18 M
(a = Synth\(\\stereosine, [\\freq, 777]\); // we assign the synth to a variable) s
5 10 M
(a.set\(\\freq, 444\) // set the frequency from outside) s
5 2 M
(a.set\(\\amp, 0.8\)) s
377 474 M
(// trying the panning) s
377 466 M
(a.set\(\\pan, -1\)) s
377 458 M
(a.set\(\\pan, 1\)) s
377 450 M
(a.set\(\\pan, 0\)) s
377 434 M
(a.free; // free the synth) s
377 402 M
(// try to run this line a few times and hear the sound build up and ) s
377 394 M
(// so do the synths \(and CPU\) on the server window) s
377 378 M
(Synth\(\\stereosine, [\\freq, rrand\(333,545\)]\);) s
377 362 M
(// the solution is to have an Envelope in the synth definition) s
377 354 M
(// check the EnvGen and Env helpfiles) s
377 338 M
(\() s
377 330 M
(SynthDef\(\\stereosineWenv, {arg freq=333, amp=0.4, pan=0.0; // we add a new argument) s
377 322 M
(        var signal, env;) s
377 314 M
(        env = EnvGen.ar\(Env.perc, doneAction:2\); // doneAction gets rid of the synth) s
377 306 M
(        signal = SinOsc.ar\(freq, 0, amp\) * env;) s
377 298 M
(        signal = Pan2.ar\(signal, pan\);) s
377 290 M
(        Out.ar\(0, signal\);) s
377 282 M
(}\).load\(s\) // we load the synthdef into the server) s
377 274 M
(\)) s
377 258 M
(Synth\(\\stereosineWenv\); // try it, and try some other Envelopes in stead of .perc) s
377 242 M
(// or with random freq:) s
377 234 M
(Synth\(\\stereosineWenv, [\\freq, rrand\(333,545\)]\);) s
377 202 M
(// 4\)  ========= Getting values back to the language  ========= ) s
377 186 M
(/*) s
377 178 M
(It can be necessary in some circumstances to get values from the sc synth) s
377 170 M
(back to the sc language. In order to do so we have two possibilities:) s
377 162 M
(- using the Poll \(for testing purposes - values displayed in the Post window\)) s
377 154 M
(- using SendTrig \(for getting values into variables and functions\)) s
377 146 M
(*/) s
377 130 M
(// ----- Using Poll ---- Check the Poll helpfile) s
377 122 M
(// Here we use poll to see the value of the XLine UGen) s
377 114 M
({XLine.kr\(44, 100000, 6\).poll\(Impulse.kr\(20\), "value"\)}.play) s
377 98 M
(// the poll needs an Impulse to know when to send back to the language) s
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({SinOsc.ar\(LFSaw.ar\(0.75, 0, 100, 500\).poll\(Impulse.ar\(10\), "freq"\), 0, 0.5\) }.play) s
377 74 M
(// or simply) s
377 66 M
({MouseY.kr.poll}.play) s
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(// ----- Using SendTrig ----- Check the SendTrig helpfile) s
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(// here we need to create an OSCresponder in the language to listen to the server) s
377 18 M
(// \(as you remember the server and the language communicate through OSC\)) s
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(// create the responder \(language listening to OSC messages from the server\)) s
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/fname (ixi_SC_tutorial_02.sc) def
/fdir (.) def
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do_header
5 482 M
(\() s
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(a = OSCresponderNode\(s.addr, '/tr', { arg time, responder, msg;) s
5 466 M
(        [time, responder, msg].postln;) s
5 458 M
(        ~freq = msg[3];) s
5 450 M
(}\).add;) s
5 442 M
(\)) s
5 426 M
(// create the OSC sender in the server \(SendTrig sends OSC messages when it's triggere) s
5 418 M
(d\)) s
5 410 M
(\() s
5 402 M
({) s
5 394 M
(        var freq;) s
5 386 M
(        freq = LFSaw.ar\(0.75, 0, 100, 500\);) s
5 378 M
(        SendTrig.kr\(Impulse.kr\(10\), 0, freq\);) s
5 370 M
(        SinOsc.ar\(freq, 0, 0.5\)) s
5 362 M
(}.play) s
5 354 M
(\)) s
5 338 M
(~freq // and we can see that the freq is now stored in a variable on the language) s
5 322 M
(a.remove; // remove the responder) s
5 290 M
(// --------- Using a Control Bus ---------------) s
5 274 M
(b = Bus.control\(s,1\); // we create a control bus \(not an audio bus\) - Check the Bus he) s
5 266 M
(lpfile) s
5 250 M
({Out.kr\(b, MouseX.kr\(20,22000\)\)}.play // and we run some UGen on the bus) s
5 234 M
(b.get\({|val| val.postln;}\); // then from the language we can poll \(ask for\) the value) s
5 218 M
(/*) s
5 210 M
(The language sends OSC message to the server and gets returned the value\).) s
5 202 M
(Check the source of Bus and find the .get method. You will see that the Bus class) s
5 194 M
(is using an OSCresponder underneith. It is therefore "asynchronous", meaning that) s
5 186 M
(it will not happen in the linear order of your code. \(language asking server for the v) s
5 178 M
(alue,) s
5 170 M
(server sending back to language. This takes time\)) s
5 162 M
(*/) s
5 146 M
(// here is a program that shows how b.get is asynchronous. The {}.play from above has ) s
5 138 M
(to be running.) s
5 130 M
(// note how the numbered lines of code appear in the post window "in the wrong order") s
5 122 M
(// it takes between 2 and 15 milliseconds to get the value on a 1000 MHz PPC computer) s
5 114 M
(\() s
5 106 M
(x = 0; y= 0;) s
5 98 M
(t = Task\({) s
5 90 M
(        inf.do\({) s
5 82 M
(                "1 - before b.get : ".post; x = Main.elapsedTime.postln;) s
5 74 M
(                b.get\({|val|    ) s
5 66 M
(                        "2 - ".post; val.postln; ) s
5 58 M
(                        y = Main.elapsedTime.postln;) s
5 50 M
(                        "the asynchronious process took : ".post; \(y-x\).post; "seconds) s
5 42 M
(".postln;) s
5 34 M
(                }\); //  this value is returned AFTER the next line) s
5 26 M
(                "3 - after b.get : ".post;  Main.elapsedTime.postln;    ) s
5 18 M
(                0.5.wait;) s
5 10 M
(        }\)) s
5 2 M
(}\).play;) s
377 482 M
(\)) s
377 466 M
(t.stop;) s
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