commands.md

Git Commands

Cheatsheet of Git Commands

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Index

• Set Up
• Configuration Files
• Create
• Local Changes
• Search
• Commit History
• Branches & Tags
• Update & Publish
• Merge & Rebase
• Undo

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Setup

Show current configuration:

$ git config --list

Show local configuration:

$ git config --local --list

Show global configuration:

$ git config --global --list

Show system configuration:

$ git config --system --list

Set a name that is identifiable for credit when review version history:

$ git config --global user.name “[firstname lastname]”

Set an email address that will be associated with each history marker:

$ git config --global user.email “[valid-email]”

Set automatic command line coloring for Git for easy reviewing:

$ git config --global color.ui auto

Set global editor for commit

$ git config --global core.editor vi

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Configuration Files

Repository specific configuration file [--local]:

<repo>/.git/config

User-specific configuration file [--global]:

~/.gitconfig

System-wide configuration file [--system]:

/etc/gitconfig

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Create

Clone an existing repository:

There are two ways:

Via SSH

$ git clone ssh://[email protected]/repo.git

Via HTTP

$ git clone http://domain.com/user/repo.git

Create a new local repository:

$ git init

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Local Changes

Changes in working directory:

$ git status

Changes to tracked files:

$ git diff

Add all current changes to the next commit:

$ git add

Add some changes in <file> to the next commit:

$ git add -p <file>

Commit all local changes in tracked files:

$ git commit -a

Commit previously staged changes:

$ git commit

Commit with message:

$ git commit -m 'message here'

Commit skipping the staging area and adding message:

$ git commit -am 'message here'

Commit to some previous date:

git commit --date="`date --date='n day ago'`" -am "Commit Message"

Change last commit:

_{Don't amend published commits!}

$ git commit -a --amend

Move uncommitted changes from current branch to some other branch:

git stash
git checkout branch2
git stash pop

Restore stashed changes back to current branch

git stash apply

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Search

A text search on all files in the directory:

$ git grep "Hello"

In any version of a text search:

$ git grep "Hello" v2.5

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Commit History

Show all commits, starting with newest (it'll show the hash, author information, date of commit and title of the commit):

$ git log

Show all the commits(it'll show just the commit hash and the commit message):

$ git log --oneline

Show all commits of a specific user:

$ git log --author="username"

Show changes over time for a specific file:

$ git log -p <file>

Display commits that are present only in remote/branch in right side

$ git log --oneline <origin/master>..<remote/master> --left-right

Who changed, what and when in <file>:

$ git blame <file>

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Branches & Tags

List all local branches:

$ git branch

List all remote branches:

$ git branch -r

Switch HEAD branch:

$ git checkout <branch>

Create and switch new branch:

$ git checkout -b <branch>

Create a new branch based on your current HEAD:

$ git branch <new-branch>

Create a new tracking branch based on a remote branch:

$ git branch --track <new-branch> <remote-branch>

Delete a local branch:

$ git branch -d <branch>

Force delete a local branch:

_{You will lose unmerged changes!}

$ git branch -D <branch>

Mark the current commit with a tag:

$ git tag <tag-name>

Mark the current commit with a tag that includes a message:

$ git tag -a <tag-name>

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Update & Publish

List all current configured remotes:

$ git remote -v

Show information about a remote:

$ git remote show <remote>

Add new remote repository, named <remote>:

$ git remote add <remote> <url>

Download all changes from <remote>, but don't integrate into HEAD:

$ git fetch <remote>

Download changes and directly merge/integrate into HEAD:

$ git remote pull <remote> <url>

Get all changes from HEAD to local repository:

$ git pull origin master

Get all changes from HEAD to local repository without a merge:

git pull --rebase <remote> <branch>

Publish local changes on a remote:

$ git push remote <remote> <branch>

Delete a branch on the remote:

$ git push <remote> :<branch> (since Git v1.5.0)
or
git push <remote> --delete <branch> (since Git v1.7.0)

Publish your tags:

$ git push --tags

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Merge & Rebase

Merge <branch> into your current HEAD:

$ git merge <branch>

Rebase your current HEAD onto <branch>:

_{Don't rebase published commit!}

$ git rebase <branch>

Abort a rebase:

$ git rebase --abort

Continue a rebase after resolving conflicts:

$ git rebase --continue

Use your configured merge tool to solve conflicts:

$ git mergetool

Use your editor to manually solve conflicts and (after resolving) mark file as resolved:

$ git add <resolved-file>

$ git rm <resolved-file>

Squashing commits:

$ git rebase -i <commit-just-before-first>

Now replace this,

pick <commit_id>
pick <commit_id2>
pick <commit_id3>

to this,

pick <commit_id>
squash <commit_id2>
squash <commit_id3>

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Undo

Discard all local changes in your working directory:

$ git reset --hard HEAD

Get all the files out of the staging area(i.e. undo the last git add):

$ git reset HEAD

Discard local changes in a specific file:

$ git checkout HEAD <file>

Revert a commit (by producing a new commit with contrary changes):

$ git revert <commit>

Reset your HEAD pointer to a previous commit and discard all changes since then:

$ git reset --hard <commit>

Reset your HEAD pointer to a remote branch current state.

git reset --hard <remote/branch> e.g., upstream/master, origin/my-feature

Reset your HEAD pointer to a previous commit and preserve all changes as unstaged changes:

$ git reset <commit>

Reset your HEAD pointer to a previous commit and preserve uncommitted local changes:

$ git reset --keep <commit>

Remove files that were accidentally committed before they were added to .gitignore

$ git rm -r --cached .
$ git add .
$ git commit -m "remove xyz file"

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