diff --git a/http/deno.json b/http/deno.json
index a9a3b73494de..c0bc1492fc75 100644
--- a/http/deno.json
+++ b/http/deno.json
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
     "./user-agent": "./user_agent.ts",
     "./unstable-route": "./unstable_route.ts",
     "./unstable-cache-control": "./unstable_cache_control.ts",
-    "./unstable-message-signatures": "./unstable_message_signatures.ts"
+    "./unstable-message-signatures": "./unstable_message_signatures.ts",
+    "./unstable-error": "./unstable_error.ts"
   }
 }
diff --git a/http/unstable_error.ts b/http/unstable_error.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..fb4f96775ba8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/http/unstable_error.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+// Copyright 2018-2026 the Deno authors. MIT license.
+// This module is browser compatible.
+import { type ErrorStatus, STATUS_TEXT } from "./status.ts";
+
+/**
+ * Options for {@linkcode HttpError}.
+ *
+ * @experimental **UNSTABLE**: New API, yet to be vetted.
+ */
+export interface HttpErrorOptions extends ErrorOptions {
+  /**
+   * Configuration options for the HTTP response associated with this error.
+   */
+  init?: ResponseInit;
+}
+
+/**
+ * An error class for representing HTTP errors with status codes.
+ *
+ * @experimental **UNSTABLE**: New API, yet to be vetted.
+ *
+ * Extends the standard {@linkcode Error} class to include HTTP-specific
+ * properties such as status codes and optional response initialization options.
+ * It's commonly used in route handlers to signal HTTP errors that should be
+ * returned to the client.
+ *
+ * @param status The HTTP status code (e.g., 404, 500, 403)
+ * @param message Optional error message. Defaults to the standard status text for the given status code
+ * @param options Optional error options including cause and response init configuration
+ *
+ * @example Usage without custom message or options
+ * ```ts
+ * import { HttpError } from "@std/http/unstable-error";
+ * import { assertEquals, assertInstanceOf } from "@std/assert";
+ *
+ * try {
+ *   throw new HttpError(404);
+ * } catch (error) {
+ *   assertInstanceOf(error, HttpError);
+ *   assertEquals(error.status, 404);
+ *   assertEquals(error.message, "Not Found");
+ * }
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @example Usage with custom message
+ * ```ts
+ * import { HttpError } from "@std/http/unstable-error";
+ * import { assertEquals, assertInstanceOf } from "@std/assert";
+ *
+ * try {
+ *   throw new HttpError(500, "Something went wrong");
+ * } catch (error) {
+ *   assertInstanceOf(error, HttpError);
+ *   assertEquals(error.status, 500);
+ *   assertEquals(error.message, "Something went wrong");
+ * }
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @example Usage with response init options
+ * ```ts
+ * import { HttpError } from "@std/http/unstable-error";
+ * import { assertEquals, assertInstanceOf } from "@std/assert";
+ *
+ * try {
+ *   throw new HttpError(403, "Forbidden", {
+ *     init: { headers: { "WWW-Authenticate": 'Basic realm="Secure Area"' } },
+ *   });
+ * } catch (error) {
+ *   assertInstanceOf(error, HttpError);
+ *   assertEquals(error.status, 403);
+ *   assertEquals(error.message, "Forbidden");
+ *   assertEquals(
+ *     (error.init.headers as Record<string, string>)["WWW-Authenticate"],
+ *     'Basic realm="Secure Area"',
+ *   );
+ * }
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @example Usage with cause
+ * ```ts
+ * import { HttpError } from "@std/http/unstable-error";
+ * import { assertEquals, assertInstanceOf } from "@std/assert";
+ *
+ * try {
+ *   throw new HttpError(500, "Internal Server Error", {
+ *     cause: new Error("Database connection failed"),
+ *   });
+ * } catch (error) {
+ *   assertInstanceOf(error, HttpError);
+ *   assertEquals(error.status, 500);
+ *   assertEquals(error.message, "Internal Server Error");
+ *   assertInstanceOf(error.cause, Error);
+ *   assertEquals(error.cause?.message, "Database connection failed");
+ * }
+ * ```
+ */
+export class HttpError extends Error {
+  /**
+   * The HTTP status code (e.g., 404, 500, 403)
+   *
+   * @example Usage
+   * ```ts
+   * import { HttpError } from "@std/http/unstable-error";
+   * import { assertEquals, assertInstanceOf } from "@std/assert";
+   *
+   * try {
+   *   throw new HttpError(404);
+   * } catch (error) {
+   *   assertInstanceOf(error, HttpError);
+   *   assertEquals(error.status, 404);
+   *   assertEquals(error.message, "Not Found");
+   * }
+   * ```
+   */
+  status: ErrorStatus;
+  /**
+   * Configuration options for the HTTP response associated with this error.
+   *
+   * `init.status` always reflects the standard HTTP value for the given status
+   * code.
+   *
+   * @example Usage
+   * ```ts
+   * import { HttpError } from "@std/http/unstable-error";
+   * import { assertEquals, assertInstanceOf } from "@std/assert";
+   *
+   * try {
+   *   throw new HttpError(403, "Forbidden", {
+   *     init: { headers: { "WWW-Authenticate": 'Basic realm="Secure Area"' } },
+   *   });
+   * } catch (error) {
+   *   assertInstanceOf(error, HttpError);
+   *   assertEquals(error.status, 403);
+   *   assertEquals(error.message, "Forbidden");
+   *   assertEquals(
+   *     (error.init.headers as Record<string, string>)["WWW-Authenticate"],
+   *     'Basic realm="Secure Area"',
+   *   );
+   * }
+   * ```
+   */
+  init: ResponseInit;
+
+  /**
+   * Constructs a new instance.
+   *
+   * @param status The HTTP status code (e.g., 404, 500, 403)
+   * @param message Optional error message. Defaults to the standard status text for the given status code
+   * @param options Optional error options including cause and response init configuration
+   */
+  constructor(
+    status: ErrorStatus,
+    message: string = STATUS_TEXT[status],
+    options?: HttpErrorOptions,
+  ) {
+    super(message, options);
+    this.name = this.constructor.name;
+    this.status = status;
+    this.init = { status, ...options?.init };
+  }
+}
diff --git a/http/unstable_error_test.ts b/http/unstable_error_test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..6a0510e42c6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/http/unstable_error_test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+// Copyright 2018-2026 the Deno authors. MIT license.
+import { assertEquals, assertInstanceOf } from "@std/assert";
+import { HttpError } from "./unstable_error.ts";
+
+Deno.test("HttpError initialises with correct defaults", () => {
+  const error = new HttpError(500);
+  assertInstanceOf(error, Error);
+  assertEquals(error.name, "HttpError");
+  assertEquals(error.status, 500);
+  assertEquals(error.message, "Internal Server Error");
+  assertEquals(error.cause, undefined);
+  assertEquals(error.init, {
+    status: 500,
+  });
+});
+
+Deno.test("HttpError initialises with custom properties", () => {
+  const error = new HttpError(401, "Unauthorized", {
+    cause: new Error("Underlying error"),
+    init: { headers: { "WWW-Authenticate": 'Basic realm="Secure Area"' } },
+  });
+  assertInstanceOf(error, Error);
+  assertEquals(error.name, "HttpError");
+  assertEquals(error.status, 401);
+  assertEquals(error.message, "Unauthorized");
+  assertInstanceOf(error.cause, Error);
+  assertEquals(error.cause?.message, "Underlying error");
+  assertEquals(
+    (error.init.headers as Record<string, string>)["WWW-Authenticate"],
+    'Basic realm="Secure Area"',
+  );
+});