feat: Adjust LinkContentFetcher run method, use ByteStream

haystack/preview/components/fetchers/link_content.py

@@ -1,17 +1,16 @@
-import io
 import logging
 from collections import defaultdict
-from datetime import datetime
-from typing import Optional, Dict, List, Callable, Any, IO
+from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
+from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple
 
 import requests
 from requests import Response
 from requests.exceptions import HTTPError
-from tenacity import retry, stop_after_attempt, wait_exponential, retry_if_exception_type, RetryCallState
-from haystack.preview import component, default_from_dict, default_to_dict
+from tenacity import RetryCallState, retry, retry_if_exception_type, stop_after_attempt, wait_exponential
 
 from haystack import __version__
-from haystack.preview import Document
+from haystack.preview import component, default_from_dict, default_to_dict
+from haystack.preview.dataclasses import ByteStream
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -26,26 +25,27 @@
 }
 
 
-def text_content_handler(response: Response) -> Dict[str, str]:
+def text_content_handler(response: Response) -> ByteStream:
     """
     :param response: Response object from the request.
     :return: The extracted text.
     """
-    return {"text": response.text}
+    return ByteStream.from_string(response.text)
 
 
-def binary_content_handler(response: Response) -> Dict[str, IO[bytes]]:
+def binary_content_handler(response: Response) -> ByteStream:
     """
     :param response: Response object from the request.
     :return: The extracted binary file-like object.
     """
-    return {"blob": io.BytesIO(response.content)}
+    return ByteStream(data=response.content)
 
 
 @component
 class LinkContentFetcher:
     """
-    LinkContentFetcher fetches content from a URL link and converts it to a Document object.
+    LinkContentFetcher is a component for fetching and extracting content from URLs. It supports handling various
+    content types, retries on failures, and automatic user-agent rotation for failed web requests.
     """
 
     def __init__(
@@ -56,15 +56,13 @@ def __init__(
         timeout: int = 3,
     ):
         """
-        Creates a LinkContentFetcher instance.
+        Initializes a LinkContentFetcher instance.
 
-        :param raise_on_failure: A boolean indicating whether to raise an exception when a failure occurs
-            during content extraction. If False, the error is simply logged and the program continues.
-            Defaults to False.
-        :param user_agents: A list of user agents to use when fetching content. Defaults to None, in which case a
-            default user agent is used.
-        :param retry_attempts: The number of times to retry fetching content. Defaults to 2.
-        :param timeout: The timeout in seconds for the request. Defaults to 3.
+        :param raise_on_failure: If True, raises an exception on failure when fetching a single URL.
+            For multiple URLs, errors are logged and successful fetches are returned. Default is True.
+        :param user_agents: A list of user agents for fetching content. If None, a default user agent is used.
+        :param retry_attempts: Number of retry attempts for fetching content. Default is 2.
+        :param timeout: Timeout in seconds for the request. Default is 3.
         """
         self.raise_on_failure = raise_on_failure
         self.user_agents = user_agents or [DEFAULT_USER_AGENT]
@@ -73,7 +71,7 @@ def __init__(
         self.timeout = timeout
 
         # register default content handlers that extract data from the response
-        self.handlers: Dict[str, Callable[[Response], Dict[str, Any]]] = defaultdict(lambda: text_content_handler)
+        self.handlers: Dict[str, Callable[[Response], ByteStream]] = defaultdict(lambda: text_content_handler)
         self.handlers["text/html"] = text_content_handler
         self.handlers["text/plain"] = text_content_handler
         self.handlers["application/pdf"] = binary_content_handler
@@ -116,37 +114,96 @@ def from_dict(cls, data: Dict[str, Any]) -> "LinkContentFetcher":
         """
         return default_from_dict(cls, data)
 
-    @component.output_types(documents=Optional[Document])
-    def run(self, url: str):
+    @component.output_types(streams=List[ByteStream])
+    def run(self, urls: List[str]):
         """
-        Fetches content from a URL and converts it to a Document objects. If no content is extracted,
-        an empty Document object is returned (if raise_on_failure is False).
+        Fetches content from a list of URLs and returns a list of extracted content streams.
+        Each content stream is a ByteStream object containing the extracted content as binary data.
+        The content type of each stream is stored in the metadata of the ByteStream object under
+        the key "content_type". The URL of the fetched content is stored under the key "url".
+
+        :param urls: A list of URLs to fetch content from.
+        :return: A lists of ByteStream objects representing the extracted content.
 
-        :param url: URL to fetch content from.
-        :param timeout: Timeout in seconds for the request.
-        :return: List of Document objects or an empty list if no content is extracted.
+        :raises: If the provided list of URLs contains only a single URL, and `raise_on_failure` is set to True,
+        an exception will be raised in case of an error during content retrieval. In all other scenarios, any
+        retrieval errors are logged, and a list of successfully retrieved ByteStream objects is returned.
         """
-        document_data: Dict[str, Any] = {"metadata": {"url": url, "timestamp": int(datetime.utcnow().timestamp())}}
+        streams: List[ByteStream] = []
+        if not urls:
+            return {"streams": streams}
+
+        # don't use multithreading if there's only one URL
+        if len(urls) == 1:
+            stream_metadata, stream = self.fetch(urls[0])
+            stream.metadata.update(stream_metadata)
+            streams.append(stream)
+        else:
+            with ThreadPoolExecutor() as executor:
+                results = executor.map(self._fetch_with_exception_suppression, urls)
+
+            for stream_metadata, stream in results:  # type: ignore
+                if stream_metadata is not None and stream is not None:
+                    stream.metadata.update(stream_metadata)
+                    streams.append(stream)
+
+        return {"streams": streams}
+
+    def fetch(self, url: str) -> Tuple[Dict[str, str], ByteStream]:
+        """
+        Fetches content from a URL and returns it as a ByteStream.
+
+        :param url: The URL to fetch content from.
+        :return: A tuple containing the ByteStream metadata dict and the corresponding ByteStream.
+             ByteStream metadata contains the URL and the content type of the fetched content.
+             The content type is a string indicating the type of content fetched (e.g., "text/html", "application/pdf").
+             The ByteStream object contains the fetched content as binary data.
+
+        :raises: If an error occurs during content retrieval and `raise_on_failure` is set to True, this method will
+        raise an exception. Otherwise, all fetching errors are logged, and an empty ByteStream is returned.
+
+        """
+        content_type: str = "text/html"
+        stream: ByteStream = ByteStream(data=b"")
         try:
             response = self._get_response(url)
             content_type = self._get_content_type(response)
-            document_data["mime_type"] = content_type
             handler: Callable = self.handlers[content_type]
-            document_data.update(handler(response))
-            return {"document": Document(**document_data)}
-
+            stream = handler(response)
         except Exception as e:
             if self.raise_on_failure:
                 raise e
-            logger.debug("Couldn't retrieve content from %s", url)
-            return {"document": None}
+            # less verbose log as this is expected to happen often (requests failing, blocked, etc.)
+            logger.debug("Couldn't retrieve content from %s due to %s", url, str(e))
 
         finally:
             self.current_user_agent_idx = 0
 
+        return {"content_type": content_type, "url": url}, stream
+
+    def _fetch_with_exception_suppression(self, url: str) -> Tuple[Optional[Dict[str, str]], Optional[ByteStream]]:
+        """
+        Fetches content from a URL and returns it as a ByteStream.
+
+        If `raise_on_failure` is set to True, this method will wrap the fetch method and catch any exceptions.
+        Otherwise, it will simply call the fetch method.
+        :param url: The URL to fetch content from.
+        :return: A tuple containing the ByteStream metadata dict and the corresponding ByteStream.
+
+        """
+        if self.raise_on_failure:
+            try:
+                return self.fetch(url)
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.warning("Error fetching %s: %s", url, str(e))
+                return {"content_type": "Unknown", "url": url}, None
+        else:
+            return self.fetch(url)
+
     def _get_content_type(self, response: Response):
         """
         Get the content type of the response.
+
         :param response: The response object.
         :return: The content type of the response.
         """
@@ -157,6 +214,7 @@ def _switch_user_agent(self, retry_state: RetryCallState) -> None:
         """
         Switches the User-Agent for this LinkContentRetriever to the next one in the list of user agents.
         Used by tenacity to retry the requests with a different user agent.
+
         :param retry_state: The retry state (unused, required by tenacity).
         """
         self.current_user_agent_idx = (self.current_user_agent_idx + 1) % len(self.user_agents)

releasenotes/notes/add-link-content-fetcher-145915976f38e1e0.yaml

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
 preview:
   - |
-    Adds LinkContentFetcher component to Haystack 2.0. LinkContentFetcher fetches content from a given URL and
-    converts it into a Document object, which can then be used within the Haystack 2.0 pipeline.
+    Introduced the LinkContentFetcher in Haystack 2.0. This component fetches content from specified
+    URLs and converts them into ByteStream objects for further processing in Haystack pipelines.

test/preview/components/fetchers/test_link_content_fetcher.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-import io
 from unittest.mock import patch, Mock
 
 import pytest
+import requests
 
 from haystack.preview.components.fetchers.link_content import (
     LinkContentFetcher,
@@ -99,27 +99,29 @@ def test_from_dict(self):
 
     @pytest.mark.unit
     def test_run_text(self):
+        correct_response = b"Example test response"
         with patch("haystack.preview.components.fetchers.link_content.requests") as mock_run:
             mock_run.get.return_value = Mock(
                 status_code=200, text="Example test response", headers={"Content-Type": "text/plain"}
             )
             fetcher = LinkContentFetcher()
-            document = fetcher.run("https://www.example.com")["document"]
-            assert document.text == "Example test response"
-            assert document.metadata["url"] == "https://www.example.com"
-            assert "timestamp" in document.metadata
+            streams = fetcher.run(urls=["https://www.example.com"])["streams"]
+            first_stream = streams[0]
+            assert first_stream.data == correct_response
+            assert first_stream.metadata["content_type"] == "text/plain"
 
     @pytest.mark.unit
     def test_run_html(self):
+        correct_response = b"<h1>Example test response</h1>"
         with patch("haystack.preview.components.fetchers.link_content.requests") as mock_run:
             mock_run.get.return_value = Mock(
                 status_code=200, text="<h1>Example test response</h1>", headers={"Content-Type": "text/html"}
             )
             fetcher = LinkContentFetcher()
-            document = fetcher.run("https://www.example.com")["document"]
-            assert document.text == "<h1>Example test response</h1>"
-            assert document.metadata["url"] == "https://www.example.com"
-            assert "timestamp" in document.metadata
+            streams = fetcher.run(urls=["https://www.example.com"])["streams"]
+            first_stream = streams[0]
+            assert first_stream.data == correct_response
+            assert first_stream.metadata["content_type"] == "text/html"
 
     @pytest.mark.unit
     def test_run_binary(self, test_files_path):
@@ -129,42 +131,104 @@ def test_run_binary(self, test_files_path):
                 status_code=200, content=file_bytes, headers={"Content-Type": "application/pdf"}
             )
             fetcher = LinkContentFetcher()
-            document = fetcher.run("https://www.example.com")["document"]
-            # casting to list to make the blobs comparable
-            assert list(document.blob) == list(io.BytesIO(file_bytes))
-            assert document.metadata["url"] == "https://www.example.com"
-            assert "timestamp" in document.metadata
+            streams = fetcher.run(urls=["https://www.example.com"])["streams"]
+            first_stream = streams[0]
+            assert first_stream.data == file_bytes
+            assert first_stream.metadata["content_type"] == "application/pdf"
 
     @pytest.mark.unit
     def test_run_bad_status_code(self):
+        empty_byte_stream = b""
         fetcher = LinkContentFetcher(raise_on_failure=False)
         mock_response = Mock(status_code=403)
         with patch("haystack.preview.components.fetchers.link_content.requests") as mock_run:
             mock_run.get.return_value = mock_response
-            document = fetcher.run("https://www.example.com")["document"]
-        assert document is None
+            streams = fetcher.run(urls=["https://www.example.com"])["streams"]
+
+        # empty byte stream is returned because raise_on_failure is False
+        assert len(streams) == 1
+        first_stream = streams[0]
+        assert first_stream.data == empty_byte_stream
+        assert first_stream.metadata["content_type"] == "text/html"
 
     @pytest.mark.integration
     def test_link_content_fetcher_html(self):
         fetcher = LinkContentFetcher()
-        document = fetcher.run(HTML_URL)["document"]
-        assert document.mime_type == "text/html"
-        assert "Introduction to Haystack" in document.text
-        assert document.metadata["url"] == HTML_URL
+        streams = fetcher.run([HTML_URL])["streams"]
+        first_stream = streams[0]
+        assert "Haystack" in first_stream.data.decode("utf-8")
+        assert first_stream.metadata["content_type"] == "text/html"
+        assert "url" in first_stream.metadata and first_stream.metadata["url"] == HTML_URL
 
     @pytest.mark.integration
     def test_link_content_fetcher_text(self):
         fetcher = LinkContentFetcher()
-        document = fetcher.run(TEXT_URL)["document"]
-        assert document.mime_type == "text/plain"
-        assert "Haystack" in document.text
-        assert document.metadata["url"] == TEXT_URL
+        streams = fetcher.run([TEXT_URL])["streams"]
+        first_stream = streams[0]
+        assert "Haystack" in first_stream.data.decode("utf-8")
+        assert first_stream.metadata["content_type"] == "text/plain"
+        assert "url" in first_stream.metadata and first_stream.metadata["url"] == TEXT_URL
 
     @pytest.mark.integration
     def test_link_content_fetcher_pdf(self):
         fetcher = LinkContentFetcher()
-        document = fetcher.run(PDF_URL)["document"]
-        assert document.mime_type == "application/octet-stream"  # FIXME Should be "application/pdf"?
-        assert document.text is None
-        assert document.blob is not None
-        assert document.metadata["url"] == PDF_URL
+        streams = fetcher.run([PDF_URL])["streams"]
+        assert len(streams) == 1
+        first_stream = streams[0]
+        assert first_stream.metadata["content_type"] in ("application/octet-stream", "application/pdf")
+        assert "url" in first_stream.metadata and first_stream.metadata["url"] == PDF_URL
+
+    @pytest.mark.integration
+    def test_link_content_fetcher_multiple_different_content_types(self):
+        """
+        This test is to ensure that the fetcher can handle a list of URLs that contain different content types.
+        """
+        fetcher = LinkContentFetcher()
+        streams = fetcher.run([PDF_URL, HTML_URL])["streams"]
+        assert len(streams) == 2
+        for stream in streams:
+            assert stream.metadata["content_type"] in ("text/html", "application/pdf", "application/octet-stream")
+            if stream.metadata["content_type"] == "text/html":
+                assert "Haystack" in stream.data.decode("utf-8")
+            elif stream.metadata["content_type"] == "application/pdf":
+                assert len(stream.data) > 0
+
+    @pytest.mark.integration
+    def test_link_content_fetcher_multiple_html_streams(self):
+        """
+        This test is to ensure that the fetcher can handle a list of URLs that contain different content types,
+        and that we have two html streams.
+        """
+
+        fetcher = LinkContentFetcher()
+        streams = fetcher.run([PDF_URL, HTML_URL, "https://google.com"])["streams"]
+        assert len(streams) == 3
+        for stream in streams:
+            assert stream.metadata["content_type"] in ("text/html", "application/pdf", "application/octet-stream")
+            if stream.metadata["content_type"] == "text/html":
+                assert "Haystack" in stream.data.decode("utf-8") or "Google" in stream.data.decode("utf-8")
+            elif stream.metadata["content_type"] == "application/pdf":
+                assert len(stream.data) > 0
+
+    @pytest.mark.integration
+    def test_mix_of_good_and_failed_requests(self):
+        """
+        This test is to ensure that the fetcher can handle a list of URLs that contain URLs that fail to be fetched.
+        In such a case, the fetcher should return the content of the URLs that were successfully fetched and not raise
+        an exception.
+        """
+        fetcher = LinkContentFetcher()
+        result = fetcher.run(["https://non_existent_website_dot.com/", "https://www.google.com/"])
+        assert len(result["streams"]) == 1
+        first_stream = result["streams"][0]
+        assert first_stream.metadata["content_type"] == "text/html"
+
+    @pytest.mark.integration
+    def test_bad_request_exception_raised(self):
+        """
+        This test is to ensure that the fetcher raises an exception when a single bad request is made and it is configured to
+        do so.
+        """
+        fetcher = LinkContentFetcher()
+        with pytest.raises(requests.exceptions.ConnectionError):
+            fetcher.run(["https://non_existent_website_dot.com/"])