diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 471bd46..3529bce 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -73,6 +73,25 @@ noble: dependencies-noble v9.7.1-noble
 
 jammy: dependencies-jammy v9.7.1-jammy
 
+noble-dev: dependencies-noble
+	$(DOCKER_BUILD) \
+		-t dealii/dealii:noble-dev-${ARCH} \
+		-t dealii/dealii:latest-dev-${ARCH} \
+		--build-arg IMG=noble \
+		--build-arg VER=v9.7.1 \
+		--build-arg NJOBS=12 \
+		--build-arg DEV=ON \
+		./dealii
+
+jammy-dev: dependencies-jammy
+	$(DOCKER_BUILD) \
+		-t dealii/dealii:jammy-dev-${ARCH} \
+		--build-arg IMG=jammy \
+		--build-arg VER=v9.7.1 \
+		--build-arg NJOBS=12 \
+		--build-arg DEV=ON \
+		./dealii
+
 all: noble jammy
 
 .PHONY: all \
@@ -81,4 +100,8 @@ all: noble jammy
 	dependencies-%-merge \
 	%-merge \
 	v9.7.1-jammy \
-	v9.7.1-noble
+	v9.7.1-noble \
+	noble \
+	jammy \
+	noble-dev \
+	jammy-dev
diff --git a/dealii/Dockerfile b/dealii/Dockerfile
index 8dcb6da..dd2ea84 100644
--- a/dealii/Dockerfile
+++ b/dealii/Dockerfile
@@ -5,55 +5,69 @@ FROM dealii/dependencies:$IMG
 ARG NJOBS=0      # Jobs used for building. Default: Use all available jobs.
 ARG VER=master   # deal.II branch that gets checked out.
 ARG FLAGS=""     # Additional flags for the build.
+ARG DEV=OFF      # Development mode: keeps source and build for incremental compilation.
 
 USER root
 
-RUN cd /usr/src && \
-    git clone https://github.com/dealii/dealii dealii-$VER && \
-    cd dealii-$VER && \
-    git checkout $VER && \
-    mkdir build && cd build && \
-    cmake -GNinja \
-    -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="$FLAGS" \
-    -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=20 \
-    -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/hdf5/openmpi;/usr/include/hdf5/openmpi" \
-    -DDEAL_II_ALLOW_AUTODETECTION=OFF \
-    -DDEAL_II_COMPONENT_PYTHON_BINDINGS=ON \
-    -DDEAL_II_WITH_64BIT_INDICES=OFF \
-    -DDEAL_II_WITH_ADOLC=ON \
-    -DDEAL_II_WITH_ARBORX=OFF \
-    -DDEAL_II_WITH_ARPACK=ON \
-    -DDEAL_II_WITH_ASSIMP=ON \
-    -DDEAL_II_WITH_BOOST=ON \
-    -DDEAL_II_WITH_CGAL=ON \
-    -DDEAL_II_WITH_COMPLEX_VALUES=ON \
-    -DDEAL_II_WITH_GINKGO=OFF \
-    -DDEAL_II_WITH_GMSH=ON \
-    -DDEAL_II_WITH_GSL=ON \
-    -DDEAL_II_WITH_HDF5=ON \
-    -DDEAL_II_WITH_KOKKOS=ON \
-    -DDEAL_II_WITH_LAPACK=ON \
-    -DDEAL_II_WITH_MAGIC_ENUM=ON \
-    -DDEAL_II_WITH_METIS=ON \
-    -DDEAL_II_WITH_MPI=ON \
-    -DDEAL_II_WITH_MUMPS=ON \
-    -DDEAL_II_WITH_MUPARSER=ON \
-    -DDEAL_II_WITH_OPENCASCADE=ON \
-    -DDEAL_II_WITH_P4EST=ON \
-    -DDEAL_II_WITH_PETSC=ON \
-    -DDEAL_II_WITH_SCALAPACK=ON \
-    -DDEAL_II_WITH_SLEPC=ON \
-    -DDEAL_II_WITH_SUNDIALS=ON \
-    -DDEAL_II_WITH_SYMENGINE=ON \
-    -DDEAL_II_WITH_TASKFLOW=OFF \
-    -DDEAL_II_WITH_TBB=ON \
-    -DDEAL_II_WITH_TRILINOS=ON \
-    -DDEAL_II_WITH_UMFPACK=ON \
-    -DDEAL_II_WITH_VTK=ON \
-    -DDEAL_II_WITH_ZLIB=ON \
-    .. && \
-    ninja -j $NJOBS install && \
-    cd ../ && rm -rf .git build
+RUN if [ "$DEV" = "ON" ]; then \
+        BUILD_USER=$USER; \
+        BUILD_DIR=/home/$USER/dealii-$VER; \
+        INSTALL_DIR=/home/$USER/deal.II; \
+    else \
+        BUILD_USER=root; \
+        BUILD_DIR=/usr/src/dealii-$VER; \
+        INSTALL_DIR=/usr/local; \
+    fi && \
+    su - $BUILD_USER -c "\
+        cd $(dirname $BUILD_DIR) && \
+        git clone https://github.com/dealii/dealii $(basename $BUILD_DIR) && \
+        cd $BUILD_DIR && \
+        git checkout $VER && \
+        mkdir build && cd build && \
+        cmake -GNinja \
+            -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS=\"$FLAGS\" \
+            -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=20 \
+            -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=\"/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/hdf5/openmpi;/usr/include/hdf5/openmpi\" \
+            -DDEAL_II_ALLOW_AUTODETECTION=OFF \
+            -DDEAL_II_COMPONENT_PYTHON_BINDINGS=ON \
+            -DDEAL_II_WITH_64BIT_INDICES=OFF \
+            -DDEAL_II_WITH_ADOLC=ON \
+            -DDEAL_II_WITH_ARBORX=OFF \
+            -DDEAL_II_WITH_ARPACK=ON \
+            -DDEAL_II_WITH_ASSIMP=ON \
+            -DDEAL_II_WITH_BOOST=ON \
+            -DDEAL_II_WITH_CGAL=ON \
+            -DDEAL_II_WITH_COMPLEX_VALUES=ON \
+            -DDEAL_II_WITH_GINKGO=OFF \
+            -DDEAL_II_WITH_GMSH=ON \
+            -DDEAL_II_WITH_GSL=ON \
+            -DDEAL_II_WITH_HDF5=ON \
+            -DDEAL_II_WITH_KOKKOS=ON \
+            -DDEAL_II_WITH_LAPACK=ON \
+            -DDEAL_II_WITH_MAGIC_ENUM=ON \
+            -DDEAL_II_WITH_METIS=ON \
+            -DDEAL_II_WITH_MPI=ON \
+            -DDEAL_II_WITH_MUMPS=ON \
+            -DDEAL_II_WITH_MUPARSER=ON \
+            -DDEAL_II_WITH_OPENCASCADE=ON \
+            -DDEAL_II_WITH_P4EST=ON \
+            -DDEAL_II_WITH_PETSC=ON \
+            -DDEAL_II_WITH_SCALAPACK=ON \
+            -DDEAL_II_WITH_SLEPC=ON \
+            -DDEAL_II_WITH_SUNDIALS=ON \
+            -DDEAL_II_WITH_SYMENGINE=ON \
+            -DDEAL_II_WITH_TASKFLOW=OFF \
+            -DDEAL_II_WITH_TBB=ON \
+            -DDEAL_II_WITH_TRILINOS=ON \
+            -DDEAL_II_WITH_UMFPACK=ON \
+            -DDEAL_II_WITH_VTK=ON \
+            -DDEAL_II_WITH_ZLIB=ON \
+            -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$INSTALL_DIR \
+            .. && \
+        ninja -j $NJOBS install" && \
+    if [ "$DEV" = "OFF" ]; then \
+        cd $BUILD_DIR && rm -rf .git build; \
+    fi
 
 USER $USER
 WORKDIR $HOME