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SKCMDb-presentation.qmd
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SKCMDb-presentation.qmd
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---
title: "Towards a European Music Dataspace"
subtitle: "Listen Local Slovakia & SKCMDb"
author:
- name: "Daniel Antal, CFA"
orcid: 0000-0001-7513-6760
url: https://reprex.nl/author/daniel-antal/
affiliations:
- name: Reprex
address: "Saturnusstraat 14"
city: The Hague
state: Zuid-Holland
country: The Netherlands
postal-code: "2516 AH"
url: https://reprex.nl/
- name: OpenCollections
url: https://opencollections.net/
format: revealjs
editor: visual
bibliography:
- bib/datagovernance.bib
- bib/datalinking.bib
- bib/dataspace.bib
- bib/libraryLOD.bib
- bib/archivesLOD.bib
---
# Open Music Europe {.scrollable transition="slide"}
{width="800"}
# From Listen Local to the European Music Observatory
## Listen Local {.smaller .scrollable transition="slide"}
::: panel-tabset
### Feasibility
[![Projektová štúdia propagácie slovenskej hudby na Slovensku a v zahranicí \[Feasibility Study On Promoting Slovak Music In Slovakia & Abroad\] (Click image to download ⬇️)](png/listen_local/listen_local_study_covers.png){fig-align="center" width="600"}](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6427514)
### Demo App
{fig-align="center" width="800"}
### MoU
[![Memorandum o porozumení o využití výsledkov analýz otvorených politík v kontexte slovenského kultúrneho a kreatívneho priemyslu a sektorových verejných politík v spolupráci s konzorciom pre výskum a inovácie s názvom OpenMuse. \[Memorandum of Understanding on utilizing the Open Policy Analysis results of the OpenMuse Research and Innovation Consortium in the context of Slovak cultural and creative industries and sectors' public policies\] \[link\](https://www.crz.gov.sk/zmluva/7645338/)](png/ome/MoU_signing.png){fig-align="center" width="800"}](https://www.crz.gov.sk/zmluva/7645338/)
:::
::: footer
Please click through the three tabs Harmonisation, **Feasibility**, **Demo App**, **MoU**.
:::
## Data problems {.smaller .scrollable transition="slide"}
::: panel-tabset
### Ambiguity
{width="800"}
### Pollution
{width="800"}
### Misinformation
{width="800"}
:::
::: footer
Please click through the three tabs Harmonisation, **Ambiguity**, **Pollution**, **Misinformation**.
:::
## Enriched and self-correcting databases
{fig-align="center"}
## Interoperability {.scrollable transition="slide"}
[](https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/bca40dde-deee-11e7-9749-01aa75ed71a1/language-en)
## Similar Initiative: PRS Nexus {.scrollable transition="slide"}
::: {style="font-size: 60%;"}
"Establishing the link between the identifiers for the recording, the International Standard Recording Code (ISRC), and the work, the International Standard Works Code (ISWC), is the most effective way of tracking where and when a work has been used online." [Read more ➡️](https://www.prsformusic.com/press/2023/prs-for-music-expands-pioneering-nexus-programme)
:::
# Towards a Europen Music Dataspace {.scrollable transition="slide"}
## An ecosystem with interoperable, federated music data {.scrollable transition="slide"}
![A Data Ecosystem is a “purposeful collaboration or partnership consuming, producing and providing interoperable data and related resources” [@bdva_data_sharing_spaces_interoperability_2023, p19]. The chart is a modification of the schematic chart of [dataspaces.info](https://dataspaces.info/).](png/music-data-ecosystem/music_data_ecosystem.png)
## Data space
::: {layout-ncol="2" style="font-size: 70%;"}
[{width="500"}](https://bdva.eu/download/92/publications/3841/data-sharing-spaces-and-interoperability-bdva-discussion-paper-december-2023.pdf)
A data space is a data and knowledge sharing and coordination tool for the “public collection of findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable quality data and related resources consumed, produced and provided by identified participants, each respecting societal values and operating within an explicit framework of trust and governance”. While it relies on modern computer and data science, it is mainly a business and data regulatory innovation to foster cooperation among many "small" data owners in the era of big data.
:::
## Dataspace model {.scrollable transition="slide"}
::: {style="font-size: 80%;"}
::: panel-tabset
### Dataspace
{fig-align="center" width="1000"}
### Definition
"A data space is an ecosystem of exchange, processing, sharing and provision of data between trusted partners, for a fee or not. It is not about copying or repatriating data centrally, but about ensuring that each data holder has full control over the conditions (e.g., who, when, and under what condition) of access to their data."
EBU and Gaia-X. 2022."[Dataspace for Cultural and Creative Industries](https://gaia-x.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/EBU_position-paper_Media-Data-Space.pdf). Position Paper.
### SKCMDb
`Slovak Music Dataspace`: a data stewardship and technical coordination tool to collect information at SOZA, Hudobné centrum, Hudobný fond, SOSR, IAML and national libraries, which all have their own databases.
`Slovak Comprehensive Music Database`: a shared and public database for various taks, such as measuring the national radio quotas, or for educational applications.
### Listen Local
- Trustworthy AI applications for exploiting the SKCMDb.
- Playlist editor for radio editors to comply with quota
- New classroom pedagogy with trustworthy recommenders for teenagers
:::
::: {style="font-size: 40%;"}
::: footer
Please click through the three tabs Harmonisation, **Authority**, **Definitions**, **Global**.
:::
:::
:::
## Connect to authoritative sources {.scrollable transition="slide"}
::: panel-tabset
### Harmonisation
### Authority
- `VIAF` (National Library): authority control for at least names and institutional names.
- `ISWC` (SOZA): authority control for composer names, work titles, and work identifiers; harmonise with CISAC global database of works and work registry.
- `ISRC` (IFPI, SLOVAGRAM): authority control for sound recordings, their titles, identifiers, harmonise with global sound recordings registries.
- Harmonisation of local database identifiers with local identifiers: Wikibase, `Wikidata`.
### Definitions
::: {style="font-size: 80%;"}
Ontology is a formal explicit description of concepts in a music:
- Classes, such as `Composer`, `Music Work`, `Recording`
- Properties, such as *authorOf*, *perfomerOf*, *dateOfBirth*
- Facets: `Work` sooner than *dateOfBirth* is not possible.
**Knowledge base**: invidivisual composers and their works described with our ontology. **Inference engine**: an AI application that matches `Works` with `Recordings`.
:::
### Global
- Europeana (EDM): which Slovak cultural organisation has the ambition to aggregate?
- Dissemination to Wikipedia and Wikidata.
:::
## Wiki {.scrollable transition="slide"}
::: panel-tabset
### Wikidata
{fig-align="center" width="800"}
### Link brokerage
**Identifiers** (from [Q26876](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26876))
[VIAF ID](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P214 "Property:P214") [88580701](https://viaf.org/viaf/88580701/)
[ISNI](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P213 "Property:P213") [0000000078519858](https://isni.org/isni/0000000078519858)
[NORAF ID](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1015 "Property:P1015") [10006445](https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/10006445)
[National Library of Brazil ID](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P4619 "Property:P4619") [001119462](https://acervo.bn.gov.br/sophia_web/autoridade/detalhe/001119462)
[Bibliothèque nationale de France ID](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P268 "Property:P268") [16020410t](https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16020410t)
[Spotify artist ID](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1902 "Property:P1902") [06HL4z0CvFAxyc27GXpf02](https://open.spotify.com/artist/06HL4z0CvFAxyc27GXpf02)
[Deezer artist ID](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P2722 "Property:P2722") [12246](https://www.deezer.com/artist/12246)
### Best practice {.smaller}
::: {style="font-size: 60%;"}
- Veen, Theo van. 2019. 'Wikidata: From "an" Identifier to "the" Identifier'. Information Technology and Libraries 38 (2): 72--81. <https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v38i2.10886>.
- Siler, M. 2022. 'Beyond the Fountain: Mapping a New Entry Point to the Society of Independent Artists'. Art Documentation 41 (2): 219--41. <https://doi.org/10.1086/722172>.
- Rossenova, Lozana, Paul Duchesne, and Ina Blümel. 2022. 'Wikidata and Wikibase as Complementary Research Data Management Services for Cultural Heritage Data'. In [CEUR Workshop Proceedings](https://serwiss.bib.hs-hannover.de/frontdoor/deliver/index/docId/2573/file/rossenova_etal2022-wikidata_research_data_mgmt.pdf).
- Fagerving, Alicia. 2023. 'Wikidata for Authority Control: Sharing Museum Knowledge with the World'. Digital Humanities in the Nordic and Baltic Countries Publications 5 (1): 222--39. <https://doi.org/10.5617/dhnbpub.10665>.
- Bianchini, Carlo, Stefano Bargioni, and Camillo Carlo Pellizzari di San Girolamo. 2021. 'Beyond VIAF Wikidata as a Complementary Tool for Authority Control in Libraries'. Information Technology and Libraries 40 (2). <https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v40i2.12959>.
:::
### Wikibase
- A "private Wikidata" that allows to coordinate knowledge among cultural organisation. Example: Cultural organisations and ministry of Luxemburg, Swedish cultural organisations.
- Allows to connect to the public Wikidata and Wikipedia to disseminate knowledge to global libraries, too.
- We have support proposal from the developers (Wikimedia Deutschland). Reprex is building a team of three administrators.
:::
# Ongoing work {.scrollable transition="slide"}
## Personal data protection {.smaller .scrollable transition="slide"}
::: panel-tabset
### GDPR
- We take data protection very seriously. We are building a *trustworthy data system* with *trustworthy AI*.
- In most cases, we seek explicit opt-in from all musicians of Slovakia.
- In some cases, we offer opt-out from existing authorisation.
- Hudobné centrum and IAML libraries fall under GDPR exceptions (a library catalogue cannot work without the names of authors.)
- Help musicians, their enterprises and institutions to take back control.
- Educate our users about complex data systems and AI.
### Purposes
- `SOZA`: improved collective rights management; reduced payment lateness and lost payment, reduced documentation costs.
- `Hudobné centrum`: public sector obligations fulfilled at best available technology (documentation, education and promotion.)
- `IKP-Policy`: various policy measurements and indicators, including a potential measuring of the Slovak local content requirements in the broadcasting law.
- Voluntary: improving the visibility of opt-in artists, reducing missed payments, combating misinformation and data breaches on the internet.
- Special provisions for libraries.
### Voluntary registry
- Explicit opt-in for music creators, performers, and other people under GDPR for purposes not covered by SOZA and Hudobné centrum statutes.
- Motivation for opt-in: visibility for notable artists, public documentation services (we improve their metadata that will benefit their career.)
### Institutional registry
- No GDPR regulations for registering the data of legal person (but of course, they must apply GDPR for their musicians)
- KULT surveys and other SOSR surveys
- VIAF, QID, PIC
:::
## Data Education Plan {.smaller .scrollable transition="slide"}
::: panel-tabset
### Data protection authority
- Early involvement of the authority to avoid surprises
- Policy/theoretical questions, for example, unlimited approval rights of descendants (a 17th century composer may have 10,000 descendants.)
### Educate SOZA bodies
- Educate the supervisory board, internal staff
- Artist ambassadors to educate the membership
### HC stakeholders
- Consultation with the national library
- Improved data ingestion, with improved GDPR opt-in
- Inform the IAML libraries about the data space
:::