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echo.htm
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echo.htm
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<link href="stíl.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link rel="icon" href="favicon.ico">
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="Author" content="Lars Bräsicke">
<meta name="GENERATOR" content="me fein">
<title>echo forms</title>
</head>
<body text="#000000" bgcolor="#FFCC99" link="#0000EE" vlink="#551A8B" alink="#FF0000" background="bg524f.jpg">
<table width="100%" bgcolor="#FFCC99">
<tr><td><h1>
<span class="red">Caibidil a Trí: das Verb (an Briathar)</span></h1>
<h2 id="oben"><i class="red">Echo forms </i></h2></td></tr>
</table>
<hr width="100%">
<p>In Connacht und Ulster <a href="verb1.htm#synthetisch/analytisch">synthetic verb suffixes</a> are used, mostly only in uses generally known as "echo forms " :
<ul>
<li>short questions at the end of a sentence<br>
e.g.: <i>Ghlan tú an carr, a Sheáin, nár ghlanais? = You did wash the car, Seán, no?</i></li>
<li>short answers (instead of the non-existant <a href="satz2.htm#Antwort">yes/no</a>)
<br>
e.g.: <i>Ar ghlan tú an carr, a Sheáin? - Ghlanas. = Did you wash the car, Seán? - Yes.</i></li>
<li>affirmative or negative short comments <br>
e.g.: <i>Mhuise, rinneas! = Oh yeah, I did that!</i></li>
</ul>
<p> they are <b>not</b> used if <i>longer</i> answers (with an object) are to follow:
<br>
e.g.: <i>Nár ghlan tú an carr? - Ach ghlan mé é! = Haven't you washed the car? - But I have washed it!</i>
<p>In Munster, synthetic verb suffixes appear also aside from the echo forms.
<p><b class="lightgreen">1st conjugation, broad final stem sound</b><br><br>
<table border width="60%" bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<tr><td> -</td>
<td><b>present</b></td>
<td><b>preterite</b></td>
<td><b>future</b></td></tr>
<tr>
<td>I </td>
<td class="red bold">-aim</td>
<td class="red bold">-as</td>
<td class="red bold">-fad</td></tr>
<tr><td>you </td>
<td class="red bold">-air/-ainns </td>
<td class="red bold">-ais</td>
<td class="red bold">-fair/-fais</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>I clean </td>
<td>glanaim</td>
<td>ghlanas</td>
<td>glanfad</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>you clean </td>
<td>glanair/glanainns</td>
<td>ghlanais</td>
<td>glanfair/glanfais</td></tr>
</table>
<br><b class="lightgreen">1st conjugation, slender final stem sound</b><br><br>
<table border width="60%" bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<tr><td> -</td>
<td><b>present</b></td>
<td><b>preterite</b></td>
<td><b>future</b></td></tr>
<tr>
<td>I</td>
<td class="red bold">-im</td>
<td class="red bold">-eas</td>
<td class="red bold">-fead</td></tr>
<tr><td>you</td>
<td class="red bold">-ir/-inns</td>
<td class="red bold">-is</td>
<td class="red bold">-fir/-fis</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>I understand</td>
<td>tuigim</td>
<td>thuigeas</td>
<td>tuigfead</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>you understand </td>
<td>tuigir/tuiginns</td>
<td>thuigis</td>
<td>tuigfir/tuigfis</td></tr>
</table>
<br><b class="lightgreen">2nd conjugation, broad final stem sound</b><br><br>
<table border width="60%" bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<tr><td> -</td>
<td><b>present</b></td>
<td><b>preterite</b></td>
<td><b>future</b></td></tr>
<tr>
<td>I</td>
<td class="red bold">-aím</td>
<td class="red bold">-aíos</td>
<td class="red bold">-ód</td></tr>
<tr><td>you</td>
<td class="red bold">-aír/-aínns</td>
<td class="red bold">-aís</td>
<td class="red bold">-óir/-óis</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>I soil </td>
<td>salaím</td>
<td>shalaíos</td>
<td>salód</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>you soil </td>
<td>salaír/salaínns</td>
<td>shalaís</td>
<td>salóir/salóis</td></tr>
</table>
<br>
<b class="lightgreen">2nd conjugation, slender final stem sound</b><br>
<br>
<table border width="60%" bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<tr><td> - </td>
<td><b>present</b></td>
<td><b>preterite</b></td>
<td><b>future</b></td></tr>
<tr>
<td>I</td>
<td class="red bold">-ím</td>
<td class="red bold">-íos</td>
<td class="red bold">-eod</td></tr>
<tr><td>you</td>
<td class="red bold">-ír/-ínns</td>
<td class="red bold">-ís</td>
<td class="red bold">-eoir/-eois</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>I maintain </td>
<td>coinním</td>
<td>choinníos</td>
<td>coinneod</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>you maintain </td>
<td>coinnír/coinnínns</td>
<td>choinnís</td>
<td>coinneoir/coinneois</td></tr>
</table>
<br>
<b class="lightgreen">bí = to be </b><br>
<br>
<table border width="60%" bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<tr><td> - </td>
<td><b>present</b></td>
<td nowrap><b>habit. present</b></td>
<td><b>preterite</b></td>
<td><b>future</b></td></tr>
<tr>
<td>I am </td>
<td>táim</td>
<td>bím</td>
<td>bhíos</td>
<td>b(eidh)ead</td></tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap>you are </td>
<td nowrap>táir/táis</td>
<td nowrap>bír/bínns</td>
<td nowrap>bhís</td>
<td nowrap>beir/beidhis</td></tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap>I am not </td>
<td nowrap>nílim</td>
<td nowrap>ní bhím</td>
<td nowrap>ní rabhas</td>
<td nowrap>ní bh(eidh)ead</td></tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap>you are not </td>
<td nowrap>nílir/nílis</td>
<td nowrap>ní bhír/bhínns</td>
<td nowrap>ní rabhais</td>
<td nowrap>ní bheir/bheidhis</td></tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap>am I?</td>
<td nowrap>an bhfuilim</td>
<td nowrap>an mbím</td>
<td nowrap>an rabhas</td>
<td nowrap>an mb(eidh)ead</td></tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap>are you?</td>
<td nowrap>an bhfuilir/bhfuilis</td>
<td nowrap>an mbír/mbínns</td>
<td nowrap>an rabhais</td>
<td nowrap>an mbeir/mbeidhis</td></tr>
</table>
<br>
<b class="lightgreen">déan = make, do </b><br>
<br>
<table border width="60%" bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<tr><td> - </td>
<td><b>present</b></td>
<td><b>preterite</b></td>
<td><b>future</b></td></tr>
<tr>
<td>I do </td>
<td>déanaim</td>
<td>rinneas</td>
<td>déanfad</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>you do </td>
<td>déanair/déanainns</td>
<td>rinnis</td>
<td>déanfair/déanfais</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>I do not </td>
<td>ní dhéanaim</td>
<td>ní dhearnas</td>
<td>ní dhéanfad</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>you do not </td>
<td>ní dhéanair/dhéanainns</td>
<td>ní dhearnais</td>
<td>ní dhéanfair/dhéanfais</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>do I?</td>
<td>an ndéanaim</td>
<td>an ndearnas</td>
<td>an ndéanfad</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>do you?</td>
<td>an ndéanair/ndéanainns</td>
<td>an ndearnais</td>
<td>an ndéanfair/ndéanfais</td></tr>
</table>
<p>Forms of the 2nd person present ending in <b>-(a)ir</b> are the traditional and original forms, and are especially found in Munster. Forms ending in <b>-(a)inns</b> are more used in Connacht. Forms of the 2nd pers. future ending in <b>-f(a)ir</b> are then again traditional and are used in Munster, in Connacht both <b>-f(a)ir</b> and <b>-f(a)is</b>.
<br>
In Connacht, also forms ending in <b>-(a)ir </b>occur in the preterite of the 2nd person.
<p>
<hr width="100%">
<center>
<br>
<a href="verben.htm">verbs</a>
<br>
<a href=".">Gramadach na Gaeilge</a>
<br>
<hr width="100%">
<br><font size="-2">© <a href="https://braesicke.de/index.htm">Lars Bräsicke</a> 2000</font></center>
<a href="https://github.com/cuplamilefocal/gnag">view on github</a>
<a href="https://braesicke.de/echo.htm">view original German</a></body>
</html>