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do.htm
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do.htm
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<link href="stíl.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link rel="icon" href="favicon.ico">
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="Author" content="Lars Bräsicke">
<meta name="GENERATOR" content="me fein">
<meta name="Description" content="die irische Präposition do">
<meta name="KeyWords" content="gaeilge, gälisch">
<title>The preposition do</title>
</head>
<body text="#000000" bgcolor="#FFCC99" link="#0000EE" vlink="#551A8B" alink="#FF0000" background="bg524f.jpg">
<table width="100%" bgcolor="#FFCC99">
<tr>
<td>
<h1>
<span class="red">Caibidil a Cúig: Prepositions (Réamhfhocail)</span></h1>
<h2 id="Anfang"><i class="red">do = to, for </i></h2>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<hr width="100%">
<p>In Connacht, <i>do</i> is pronounced [g@], as if it were written <b class="red">go</b>, but it differs from the homophonous preposition <a href="sonpraep.htm#godti">go</a> in that lenition follows (go doesn't lenite).
<br>
In Munster, <a href="de.htm">de</a> and do are interchangeable.
<h3>
<span class="lightgreen">Case</span></h3>
do requires the dative
<h3>
<span class="lightgreen">Initial Mutations after do</span></h3>
<ul>
<li>
without the article: <b>lenition</b> e.g.<i> do S<b class="lightgreen">h</b>eán= to Séan</i></li>
<li>
with the singular article: <b>lenition</b> e.g. <i>dón m<b class="lightgreen">h</b>áthair
= to mother </i> (in Dingle sometimes eclipsis)</li>
<li>
with the singular article after s: <b>t-prefix</b> e.g.: <i>dón tsagart = to the priest </i></li>
</ul>
<h3>
<span class="lightgreen">do preceding a vowel and fh</span></h3>
<ul>
<li>
<b class="red">do</b> becomes: <b class="red">d' </b> e.g. <i><u>d'Ú</u>na</i><i> = to Úna, <u>d'fh</u>ear = for a man </i> (form is the same as the preposition <a href="de.htm">de</a>!)</li>
</ul>
<h3>
<span class="lightgreen">Interrogative</span></h3>
<ul>
<li>
<b class="red">Cé/cad dó</b> = to whom, where to, why, whom?</li>
</ul>
<h3>
<span class="lightgreen">Combined with the article</span></h3>
<ul>
<li>
do + an: <b class="red">don</b></li>
<li>
do + na: <b class="red">do na</b> (also <b class="red">dos na, dosna</b>)</li>
</ul>
<h3>
<span class="lightgreen">Combined with personal pronouns and possessivr pronouns </span></h3>
<table border width="61%" bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<tr>
<td>-</td>
<td><b>general</b></td>
<td><b>contrast form </b></td>
<td><b>translation</b></td>
<td><b>possessive pron</b></td>
<td><b>translation</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>I</td>
<td class="red bold">dom</td>
<td class="red bold">domhsa</td>
<td>to me</td>
<td class="red bold">do mo (dom)</td>
<td>to my </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>you</td>
<td class="red bold">duit</td>
<td class="red bold">duitse</td>
<td>to dir</td>
<td class="red bold">do do (dod)</td>
<td>to your </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>he</td>
<td class="red bold">dó</td>
<td class="red bold">dósan</td>
<td>to him </td>
<td class="red bold">dá</td>
<td>to his </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>she</td>
<td class="red bold">di</td>
<td class="red bold">dise</td>
<td>to her </td>
<td class="red bold">dá</td>
<td>to her </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>we</td>
<td class="red bold">dúinn</td>
<td class="red bold">dúinne</td>
<td>to us</td>
<td class="red bold">dár</td>
<td>to our </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>you(pl)</td>
<td class="red bold">daoibh</td>
<td class="red bold">daoibhse</td>
<td>to you </td>
<td class="red bold">do bhur</td>
<td>to your </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>they</td>
<td class="red bold">dóibh</td>
<td class="red bold">dóibhsean</td>
<td>to them </td>
<td class="red bold">dá</td>
<td>to their </td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>The forms often occur lenited, esp. after vowels and slender consonants (<b class="red">dhom</b> instead of <i>dom</i>, <b class="red">dhá</b> instead of <i>dá</i> etc.),
<br>
in <i>Conamara</i> also the short forms(<b class="red">'om, 'uit, 'ó, 'i, 'úinne, 'aoibh, 'óibh</b>)
<br>
in <i>Ulster</i> <b class="red">domh</b> or <b class="red">damh</b> instead of <i>dom</i>, <b class="red">dona</b> instead of <i>dá</i>.
<br>
in <i>Munster</i> <b class="red">dom</b> and
<b class="red">dod</b> (instead of <i>do mo</i> and <i>do do</i>)
<br>
As the object of a verbal noun, <b class="red">á</b> instead of <b class="red">dá</b>
<h3>
<span class="lightgreen">Combined with the indir. relative particle and with the indir. relative form of the copula</span></h3>
<table border bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<tr>
<td><b>tense</b></td>
<td><b>relative part.</b>
<br><b>(do + a/ar)</b></td>
<td><b>copular form</b>
<br>
<b>(do + ar)</b></td>
<td><b>copular form</b>
<br>
<b>preceding a vowel </b></td>
<td><b>translation</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>present</td>
<td class="red bold">dá</td>
<td class="red bold">dar</td>
<td class="red bold">darb</td>
<td>to it </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>preterite</td>
<td class="red bold">dar</td>
<td class="red bold">dar</td>
<td class="red bold">darbh</td>
<td>to it </td>
</tr>
</table>
<h3>
<span class="lightgreen">Use</span></h3>
<ol>
<li><b>indirect dative-object</b>: like the German dative without a preposition (for general "benefit" of a person/thing of an action): <i>scríobh mé leitir dhuit = I wrote you a letter </i>, <i>but</i> if the spatial goal is in the foreground: <i>scriobh leitir chugat </i>(see <a href="chuig.htm">chuig</a>)</li>
<li>in certain <a href="verbnom1.htm#gleichzeit">verbal noun constructions</a> preceding the subject ("dative subject"), e.g.: <span class="red">thar éis + verbal noun+ do</span> + subject = afterwards.
<li>in copular clauses with adjectives: <i>is breá do = it is nice <b>for</b>..., ar leor do = it is enough for..., ní gá dhuit = it is not necessary for you, is fiú (do...) = it's worth it (for...) ,is fíor do = to be right,</i>
<br>
also as a substitute for modals:
<br>
<a href="modal.htm#müssen">must</a>: <span class="red">b'éigean do... </span> (lit.: <i>it would be necessary for </i>)
<br>
<a href="modal.htm#sollen">should</a>: <span class="red">is ceart do...</span> (lit.: <i>it would be right for </i>)</li>
<li><span class="red">do + possesive pronoun </span> in the progressive <b>as a substitute of the personal pronoun:</b> as the object. e.g.: <i>Tá mé do do bhualadh = I'm hitting you </i></li>
<li>in Munster, partially still in place of the short form <a href="sonpraep.htm#a">a</a> in <a href="verbnom1.htm#infin">infinitive constructions</a> with the verbal noun ("infinitive with to") e.g.: <i>chun Gaeilge d'fhoghlaim = in order to learn Irish</i></li>
<li><b>time of day : </b>with an indep. number (with the article):
<i>a ceathrú don trí = quarter <b>to</b> three </i>(also <a href="chuig.htm">chun</a>)</li>
<li>with certain verbs: <i>inis do...= tell someone, tabhair do...=give someone, lig do = leave someone, taspeáin do...= show someone </i></li>
</ol>
<p><br>
<hr width="100%">
<center><a href="#Anfang" title="nach oben">suas</a>
<br>
<br>
<a href="praepos.htm">prepositions</a>
<br>
<a href=".">Gramadach na Gaeilge</a>
<br>
<hr width="100%"></center>
<a href="https://github.com/cuplamilefocal/gnag">view on github</a>
<a href="https://braesicke.de/do.htm">view original German</a></body>
</html>