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ar.htm
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ar.htm
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<link href="stíl.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link rel="icon" href="favicon.ico">
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="Author" content="Lars Bräsicke">
<meta name="GENERATOR" content="mise me fein">
<title>The preposition ar</title>
</head>
<body text="#000000" bgcolor="#FFCC99" link="#0000EE" vlink="#551A8B" alink="#FF0000" background="bg524f.jpg">
<table width="100%" bgcolor="#FFCC99">
<tr>
<td>
<h1 class="red">Caibidil a Cúig: Prepositions (Réamhfhocail)</h1>
<h2 id="Anfang"><i class="red">ar = on </i></h2>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<hr width="100%">
<p>Even though written as <b>ar</b> , the preposition is mostly spoken as [er'] (as if it were written as <b>air</b>)
<h3 class="lightgreen">Case</h3>
<p>ar requires the dative.
<h3 class="lightgreen">Initial Mutations</h3>
<ul>
<li>without article: <b>lenition</b> (with <b>non-</b>general terms) <i>ar chíos mór = for a high rent </i></li>
<li>without article: <b><i>no</i></b> <b>lenition</b> (with abstract, gen. terms and with descriptions of a state, if without a further attribute) <i>ar cíos = rented, ar muir = at sea </i></li>
<li>with the singular article: <b>eclipsis</b> (except d, t) <i>ar an mbord = on the table </i>
<ul type="square">
<li>only in Munster also d,t are eclipsed </li>
<li>in Connacht t-prefix preceding femin. nouns with s-: <i>ar an tsúil = on the eye</i></li>
<li>in Ulster always <b>lenition</b>: <i>ar an bhord</i></li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
<h3 class="lightgreen">Interrogative</h3>
<ul>
<li><b class="red">cé/cad air</b>
(+ indirect relative clause)? = for what... ?</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="lightgreen">combined with personal pronouns </h3>
<table border width="64%" bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<tr>
<td>-</td>
<td><b>general</b></td>
<td><b>contrast form </b></td>
<td><b>translation</b></td>
<td><b>possessive pronoun</b></td>
<td><b>translation</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>I</td>
<td class="red bold">orm</td>
<td class="red bold">ormsa</td>
<td>on me</td>
<td class="red bold">ar mo</td>
<td>on my </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>you</td>
<td class="red bold">ort</td>
<td class="red bold">ortsa</td>
<td>on you </td>
<td class="red bold">ar do</td>
<td>on your </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>he</td>
<td class="red bold">air</td>
<td class="red bold">airsean</td>
<td>on him </td>
<td class="red bold">ar a / arna</td>
<td>on his </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>she</td>
<td class="red bold">uirthi</td>
<td class="red bold">uirthise</td>
<td>on her </td>
<td class="red bold">ar a / arna</td>
<td>on her </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>we</td>
<td class="red bold">orainn</td>
<td class="red bold">orainne</td>
<td>on us </td>
<td class="red bold">ar ár / arnár</td>
<td>on our </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>you (pl.) </td>
<td class="red bold">oraibh</td>
<td class="red bold">oraibhse</td>
<td>on you</td>
<td class="red bold">ar bhur</td>
<td>on your </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>they</td>
<td class="red bold">orthu</td>
<td class="red bold">orthusan</td>
<td>on them </td>
<td class="red bold">ar a / arna</td>
<td>on their </td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>The forms <b class="red">arna, arnár</b> are only used in combination with the verbal noun ("<a href="verbnom1.htm#nachdem">afterwards</a>") ,
otherwise <b class="red">ar a, ar ár</b>
is used <br>
(<i>arna</i> appears also in the expression <i>an lá arna mhárach = tomorrow </i>)
<h3 class="lightgreen">use:</h3>
<ol>
<li><b>spatially <i>on</i></b> something (on top of: <i>ar an mbord = on the table </i>), <b>in</b> something (cities: <i>ar an mbaile</i>)</li>
<li>wearing <b>clothing</b> etc.: <span class="red">Tá...ar</span>... , to put on clothing: <span class="red">cuir....ar</span>...,<i>take off </i> clothing : see <a href="de.htm">de</a></li>
<li><a href="modal.htm#zustand">have</a> <span class="red">tá...ar</span>
<ul type="square">
<li><b>appearance</b> (complexion, looks, features etc.) </li>
<li>also <b>parts of things </b>: <i>tá doirse ar an teach = the house has doors </i></li>
<li><b>phys./psych. conditions and emotions </b> (sicknesses, problems, joy, thirst, fear, pity, etc.) : : <i>tá áthas orm = I am happy ("is happiness upon me ")</i></li>
<li>to <b>have a name (<i>be named</i>)</b>: <i>Máirtín atá air = his name is Martin </i> </li>
</ul></li>
<li><b>attainment</b> of such conditions, symptoms: <span class="red">cuir...ar</span> = to get: <i>Chuir sé fearg orm = he made me angry </i></li>
<li><b>to affix , hold <i>onto</i></b>: <i>ar teaghrán = on a noose, chain, ar srian = bridled</i></li>
<li><b>price: <i>for</i></b> (an amount of money): ar phunt = for a pound, <i>tá punt ar an t-ull = the apple costs a pound </i></li>
<li><b>dimensions <i>in</i>:</b> ar airde = in heighth, ar fad = in length </li>
<li><b>participation /membership <i>in</i>:</b> ar scoil = (to go) to school</li>
<li><a href="bi_ina.htm#klassar">classificatory clause without the copula</a> (part of a whole): tá sé ar na fir is mó = he is <b>one of the</b> biggest men </li>
<li><a href="bi_ina.htm#idar">identificatory clause without the copula</a>
<ul type="square">
<li>(with the superlative): tá sé ar an bhfear is mó acu = he is the bigger/biggest man of them </li>
<li>(with ordinal numbers): <b>to be the 1st, 2nd, 3rd ... </b>: bhí sé ar an dara fear a tháinig = he was the 2nd man that came </li>
</ul></li>
<li><b>must</b>: <span class="red">tá ar</span>... Tá orm bainne a ól = I have to drink milk </li>
<li><b>responsibility <i>for</i></b>: <i>tá a báis ort = you're responsible for her death </i></li>
<li><b>disadvantage</b>: e.g. <i>spóirt ag Cáit ar Seán = Cáit's fun at Seán's cost </i> or: <i>bhí sé ag briseadh fuinneogaí ort = he's broken your window </i></li>
<li><b>indir. object</b> after <a href="ag.htm">tá...ag</a> (= "have") <span class="red">tá....ag... ar...</span>:
e.g.: <i>Tá buiochas agam ar Cháit.: I'm thankful to Cait, tá airgead agam ort = you owe me money("I have money on you "), tá grá agam ort = I love you ("I have love on you ")</i></li>
<li>with<b> verbs </b>: <i><span class="red">iarr ar...</span> = to ask someone, <span class="red">féach ar...</span> = to look at something, <span class="red">tosaigh ar...</span> = to begin, <span class="red">glaoigh ar...</span> = to ring someone </i></li>
<li>with definite nouns: <span class="red">feabhas ar...</span> = an improvement in...</li>
<li><b>similarity</b>, to be <b><i>like</i></b>: <i><span class="red">ar dháth</span> an róis = rose-<b>coloured</b>, <span class="red">ar dhéanamh</span> báid = boat-<b>shaped</b></i></li>
<li><b>equality: </b><i>fear ar d'ainm = a man of your name / who has the same name <b>as</b> you</i></li>
<li><b>probability</b>: <i><span class="red">tá baisteach air</span> = it looks like rain, it will probably rain, tá cogadh air = there'll likely be a war</i></li>
<li><b><i>within</i></b> (as far as) <i>ar amharc = in sight, ar éisteacht = within earshot </i></li>
<li><span class="red">ar meisce</span> = drunk, <span class="red">ar buile</span> = crazy, <span class="red">ar fheabhas</span> = fabulous etc.</li>
<li><b>activity <i>by</i></b> ( with the verbal noun): ar an obair = at work, working ( comp. dt. Partizip I)</li>
<li><b>dependence <i>on</i></b>: <i>ar arán =(to live) on bread , ar thoil (Dé) = depending on the will of (God)</i></li>
<li><b><i>because , for </i></b>: <i>ar ghrá Dé = for the love of God, ar a thuarastal = for his pay </i></li>
<li><b>result: <i>on</i></b> <i>ar a iarratas = on his application </i></li>
<li>by <b>numbers: <i>and</i></b>: <i>duine ar fhichid = 21 people </i> (lit.: "one on twenty ")
<br>
by <b>arithmetic: <i>divided by </i></b>: <i>a sé ar a trí sin a dó = 6 : 3 = 2</i></li>
<li><b>up to/away from </b>: <i>thuas air = south of, ar aghaidh = forwards, amach ar an doras = out the door </i></li>
<li><b>temporal <i>around/at</i></b>: <i>ar maidin = in the morning, ar a dó a chlog = at 2 O'clock</i></li>
<li>with verbal nouns: <a href="verbnom1.htm#nachdem">after</a>: <i>arna críochnú dom = <b>after</b> I had ended it </i> (as a replacement of the old preposition iar)</li>
<li><b>about </b>something: <i>scéal ar = a story <b><i>about</i></b>, ainm ar = a name for, cúis dlí ar = charges against</i></li>
<li><b>authority <i>over</i></b>: <i>rí ar Sasana = King of England</i></li>
<li><b>advantage <i>over</i></b>: <i>tá bliain agam air = I am one year older <b>than</b> him </i> ("I have one year in advantage over him ").<i>bhí deich nóiméad aige orm = he had a 10 minute head start on me </i></li>
<li>with an <b>adjective</b>: <i>santach ar = greedy <b>for</b>, maith ar = good <b>for</b>, etc.</i></li>
<li>strengthening of the <b>imperative</b>: scríobh ort! = write! <i>( write already!, well, write!)</i></li>
</ol>
<hr width="100%">
<center><a href="#Anfang" title="nach oben">suas</a>
<br>
<br>
<a href="praepos.htm">prepositions</a>
<br>
<a href=".">Gramadach na Gaeilge</a>
<br>
<hr width="100%">
<font size="-2">© <a href="https://braesicke.de/index.htm">Lars Bräsicke</a> 1999</font></center>
<a href="https://github.com/cuplamilefocal/gnag">view on github</a>
<a href="https://braesicke.de/ar.htm">view original German</a></body>
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