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4dekl.htm
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<!doctype html public "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<link href="stíl.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link rel="icon" href="favicon.ico">
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="Author" content="Lars Bräsicke">
<meta name="GENERATOR" content="me fein">
<title>4th declension</title>
</head>
<body text="#000000" bgcolor="#FFCC99" link="#0000EE" vlink="#551A8B" alink="#FF0000" background="bg524f.jpg">
<table width="100%" bgcolor="#FFCC99">
<tr>
<td>
<h1 class="red">Caibidil a hAon: The Noun (an tAinmfhocal)</h1>
<h2 id="Anfang"><i><span class="red">declension of nouns (Díochlaonadh na nAinmfhocal)</span></i></h2>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<hr width="100%">
<table width="100%" bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<tr>
<td>
<h2><span class="red">4th declension (an ceathrú díochlaonadh)</span></h2>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<h3 class="lightgreen">what belongs to it ?</h3>
<ul>
<li>mostly <i>masculine</i> nouns</li>
<li>end <b>in a vowel </b> (most of the nouns that end in a vowel),</li>
<li>a few that end in a <b>consonant</b> (often foreign words like <i>bus, tram, club, seans, tobac</i> etc., but also some common Irish words like <i>ainm, lucht</i>)</li>
<li><b>diminuitive suffix <i> -ín</i></b></li>
</ul>
<h3 class="lightgreen">forming the genitive :</h3>
<ul>
<li>no special genitive form </li>
<li>genitive singular = nominativ singular</li>
<li>genitive plural = nominative plural</li>
</ul>
<h3 class="lightgreen"> plural:</h3>
<ul>
<li>almost exclusively <a href="subst2.htm#plural">strong plural</a>
<ul type="square">
<li>-ín to <b class="red">-íní</b> : <i>caillín - caillín<b class="red">í</b></i></li>
<li>-a/-e to <b class="red">aí/-í</b> : <i>slabhra - slabhr<b class="red">aí</b>, file - fil<b class="red">í</b></i></li>
<li>-le to <b class="red">-lte</b>: <i>baile - bail<b class="red">te</b>,</i></li>
<li>-ne to <b class="red">-nte</b>: <i>sloinne - sloinn<b class="red">te</b></i>,</li>
<li>-í, -aí, -aoi, -é + <b class="red">-the</b>: <i>croí - croí<b class="red">the</b>, garraí - garraí<b class="red">the</b>, saoi - saoi<b class="red">the</b></i>
<br>
note: some ending in -í with the plural suffix <b class="red">-ithe</b> (short i): <i>ní - n<b class="red">ithe</b>, rúnaí - rúna<b class="red">ithe</b></i> (like classification of persons)</li>
<li>some with <b class="red">-nna</b>: <i>cú - cú<b class="red">nna</b>, fia - fia<b class="red">nna</b>, fleá - fleá<b class="red">nna</b></i></li>
<li>some with <b class="red">-(n)acha</b>: <i>ainm - ainm<b class="red">neacha</b></i></li>
</ul></li>
<li>a few with <a href="subst2.htm#plural">weak plural</a>: e.g.: <i>bó - ba - na mbó, grásta - grásta -na ngrást</i></li>
</ul>
<h3 class="lightgreen">typical suffixes </h3>
<table border width="80%" bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<tr bgcolor="#FFCCCC">
<td><b>nominative</b></td>
<td><b>gender</b></td>
<td><b>genitive</b></td>
<td><b> plural</b></td>
<td><b>gen. pl. </b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-<b class="red">a</b></td>
<td>m/f</td>
<td>-<b class="red">a</b></td>
<td>-<b class="red">aí</b></td>
<td>-<b class="red">aí</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-<b class="red">e</b></td>
<td>m/f</td>
<td>-<b class="red">e</b> </td>
<td>-<b class="red">í </b></td>
<td>-<b class="red">í</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-<b class="red">le</b></td>
<td>m/f</td>
<td>-<b class="red">le</b> </td>
<td>-<b class="red">lte</b> </td>
<td>-<b class="red">lte</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-<b class="red">ne</b> </td>
<td>m/f</td>
<td>-<b class="red">ne</b> </td>
<td>-<b class="red">nte</b> </td>
<td>-<b class="red">nte</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-<b class="red">ín </b></td>
<td>m* </td>
<td>-<b class="red">ín</b> </td>
<td>-<b class="red">íní </b></td>
<td>-<b class="red">iní</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-<b class="red">í</b></td>
<td>m</td>
<td>-<b class="red">í</b></td>
<td>-<b class="red">íthe</b></td>
<td>-<b class="red">íthe</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-<b class="red">aí</b></td>
<td>m</td>
<td>-<b class="red">aí</b></td>
<td>-<b class="red">aíthe</b></td>
<td>-<b class="red">aíthe</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-<b class="red">é</b> </td>
<td>m/f</td>
<td>-<b class="red">é</b> </td>
<td>-<b class="red">éithe</b> </td>
<td>-<b class="red">éithe</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-<b class="red">aoi</b></td>
<td>m/f</td>
<td>-<b class="red">aoi</b> </td>
<td>-<b class="red">aoithe</b> </td>
<td>-<b class="red">aoithe</b></td>
</tr>
</table>
<h3 class="lightgreen">examples</h3>
<table border width="100%" bgcolor="#FFFFCC">
<tr bgcolor="#FFCCCC">
<td><b>nominative</b></td>
<td><b>gender</b></td>
<td><b>gen. sg. </b></td>
<td><b>nom. pl. </b></td>
<td><b>gen. pl. </b></td>
<td><b>translation</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>an dalta </td>
<td>m </td>
<td>an dalta</td>
<td>na dalt<b class="red">aí</b> </td>
<td>na ndalt<b class="red">aí</b></td>
<td>student, cadet </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>an bhearna </td>
<td>f </td>
<td>na bearna </td>
<td>na bearn<b class="red">aí</b> </td>
<td>na mbearn<b class="red">aí</b></td>
<td>cleft, space, break </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>an slabhra</td>
<td>m</td>
<td>an tslabhra</td>
<td>na slabhr<b class="red">aí</b></td>
<td>na slabhr<b class="red">aí</b></td>
<td>chain</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>an t-oráiste </td>
<td>m </td>
<td>an oráiste</td>
<td>na horáist<b class="red">í</b> </td>
<td>na n-oráist<b class="red">í</b> </td>
<td>orange</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>an file</td>
<td>m</td>
<td>an fhile</td>
<td>na fil<b class="red">í</b></td>
<td>na bhfil<b class="red">í</b></td>
<td>poet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>an baile </td>
<td>m </td>
<td>an bhaile </td>
<td>na bail<b class="red">te</b></td>
<td>na mbail<b class="red">te</b> </td>
<td>town</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>an sloinne </td>
<td>m </td>
<td>an tsloinne </td>
<td>na sloinn<b class="red">te</b></td>
<td>na sloinn<b class="red">te</b> </td>
<td>surname</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>an fhéile </td>
<td>f </td>
<td>na féile </td>
<td>na féil<b class="red">te</b></td>
<td>na bhféil<b class="red">te</b> </td>
<td>festival</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>an cailín</td>
<td>m</td>
<td>an chailín</td>
<td>na cailín<b class="red">í</b></td>
<td>na gcailín<b class="red">í</b></td>
<td>girl</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>an báidín</td>
<td>m</td>
<td>an bháidín</td>
<td>na báidín<b class="red">í</b></td>
<td>na mbáidín<b class="red">í</b></td>
<td>dinghy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>an rúnaí </td>
<td>m</td>
<td>an rúnaí</td>
<td>na rúnai<b class="red">the</b></td>
<td>na rúnai<b class="red">the</b></td>
<td>secretary</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>an ceannaí </td>
<td>m</td>
<td>an cheannaí</td>
<td>na ceannai<b class="red">the</b></td>
<td>na gceannai<b class="red">the</b></td>
<td>buyer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>an tiománaí </td>
<td>m</td>
<td>an tiománaí</td>
<td>na tiománai<b class="red">the</b></td>
<td>na dtiománai<b class="red">the</b></td>
<td>driver</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>an rí </td>
<td>m</td>
<td>an rí</td>
<td>na rí<b class="red">the</b></td>
<td>na rí<b class="red">the</b></td>
<td>king</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>an croí</td>
<td>m</td>
<td>an chroí</td>
<td>na croí<b class="red">the</b></td>
<td>na gcroí<b class="red">the</b></td>
<td>heart</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>an garraí</td>
<td>m</td>
<td>an gharraí</td>
<td>na garrai<b class="red">the</b></td>
<td>na ngarrai<b class="red">the</b></td>
<td>garden</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>an ní</td>
<td>m</td>
<td>an ní</td>
<td>na ni<b class="red">the</b></td>
<td>na ni<b class="red">the</b></td>
<td>thing</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>an baoi</td>
<td>m</td>
<td>an bhaoi</td>
<td>na baoi<b class="red">the</b></td>
<td>na mbaoi<b class="red">the</b></td>
<td>buoy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>an bhé</td>
<td>f</td>
<td>na bé</td>
<td>na béi<b class="red">the</b></td>
<td>na mbéi<b class="red">the</b></td>
<td>lady, maid </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>an t-ainm</td>
<td>m</td>
<td>an ainm</td>
<td>na hainm<b class="red">neacha</b></td>
<td>na n-ainm<b class="red">neacha</b></td>
<td>name</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>an lucht</td>
<td>m</td>
<td>an lucht</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>group of people, charge </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>an tobac</td>
<td>m</td>
<td>an tobac</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>tobacco</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>an bus</td>
<td>m</td>
<td>an bhus</td>
<td>na bus<b class="red">anna</b></td>
<td>na mbus<b class="red">anna</b></td>
<td>bus</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>an grásta</td>
<td>m</td>
<td>an ghrásta</td>
<td>na grásta</td>
<td>na ngrást</td>
<td>grace</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>an bhó</td>
<td>f</td>
<td>na bó</td>
<td>na ba</td>
<td>na mbó</td>
<td>cow</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>an cailín</td>
<td>m</td>
<td>an chailín</td>
<td>na cailín<b class="red">í</b></td>
<td>na gcailín<b class="red">í</b></td>
<td>girl</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>an báidín</td>
<td>m</td>
<td>an bháidín</td>
<td>na báidín<b class="red">í</b></td>
<td>na mbáidín<b class="red">í</b></td>
<td>dinghy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>an firín</td>
<td>m</td>
<td>an fhirín</td>
<td>na firín<b class="red">í</b></td>
<td>na bhfirín<b class="red">í</b></td>
<td>little man </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Nóirín</td>
<td>f</td>
<td>Nóirín</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>Noreen (a name)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Máirín</td>
<td>f</td>
<td>Máirín</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>Maureen (a name)</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>
<hr width="100%">
<center><a href="#Anfang" title="nach oben">suas</a>
<br>
<br>
<a href="subst1.htm">nouns</a>
<br>
<a href=".">Gramadach na Gaeilge</a>
<br>
<hr width="100%">
<font size="-2">© <a href="https://braesicke.de/index.htm">Lars Bräsicke</a> 1999 / 2000</font></center>
<a href="https://github.com/cuplamilefocal/gnag">view on github</a></body>
</html>