diff --git a/Src/java/cql-to-elm/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/cqframework/cql/cql2elm/CqlCompiler.kt b/Src/java/cql-to-elm/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/cqframework/cql/cql2elm/CqlCompiler.kt
index 7592f8a26..e9bbb9df9 100644
--- a/Src/java/cql-to-elm/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/cqframework/cql/cql2elm/CqlCompiler.kt
+++ b/Src/java/cql-to-elm/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/cqframework/cql/cql2elm/CqlCompiler.kt
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ open class CommonCqlCompiler(
         return run(CharStreams.fromString(cqlText))
     }
 
-    fun run(source: Source): Library? {
+    open fun run(source: Source): Library? {
         return run(CharStreams.fromString(source.readString()))
     }
 
diff --git a/Src/java/cql-to-elm/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/cqframework/cql/cql2elm/LibraryManager.kt b/Src/java/cql-to-elm/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/cqframework/cql/cql2elm/LibraryManager.kt
index ea8aa01cc..b3ed2b140 100644
--- a/Src/java/cql-to-elm/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/cqframework/cql/cql2elm/LibraryManager.kt
+++ b/Src/java/cql-to-elm/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/cqframework/cql/cql2elm/LibraryManager.kt
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ open class CommonLibraryManager(
     val modelManager: CommonModelManager,
     val namespaceManager: NamespaceManager,
     open val librarySourceLoader: CommonLibrarySourceLoader,
-    val ucumService: UcumService,
+    lazyUcumService: Lazy<UcumService>,
     val cqlCompilerOptions: CqlCompilerOptions = CqlCompilerOptions.defaultOptions(),
     val compiledLibraries: MutableMap<VersionedIdentifier, CompiledLibrary> = HashMap()
 ) {
@@ -32,6 +32,8 @@ open class CommonLibraryManager(
         READ_WRITE
     }
 
+    val ucumService by lazyUcumService
+
     /*
      * A "well-known" library name is one that is allowed to resolve without a
      * namespace in a namespace-aware context
diff --git a/Src/java/cql-to-elm/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/cqframework/cql/cql2elm/SimpleCqlTranslator.kt b/Src/java/cql-to-elm/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/cqframework/cql/cql2elm/SimpleCqlTranslator.kt
index 7febb2f70..bdfaf79dc 100644
--- a/Src/java/cql-to-elm/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/cqframework/cql/cql2elm/SimpleCqlTranslator.kt
+++ b/Src/java/cql-to-elm/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/cqframework/cql/cql2elm/SimpleCqlTranslator.kt
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ fun cqlToElm(
         }
     }
 
-    val libraryManager = CommonLibraryManager(modelManager, namespaceManager, librarySourceLoader, ucumService)
+    val libraryManager = CommonLibraryManager(modelManager, namespaceManager, librarySourceLoader, lazy { ucumService })
 
     val translator = CommonCqlTranslator.fromText(cqlText, libraryManager)
 
diff --git a/Src/java/cql-to-elm/src/jvmMain/kotlin/org/cqframework/cql/cql2elm/CqlCompilerJvm.kt b/Src/java/cql-to-elm/src/jvmMain/kotlin/org/cqframework/cql/cql2elm/CqlCompilerJvm.kt
index 3d48b0f45..eb1c41830 100644
--- a/Src/java/cql-to-elm/src/jvmMain/kotlin/org/cqframework/cql/cql2elm/CqlCompilerJvm.kt
+++ b/Src/java/cql-to-elm/src/jvmMain/kotlin/org/cqframework/cql/cql2elm/CqlCompilerJvm.kt
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 package org.cqframework.cql.cql2elm
 
+import kotlinx.io.Source
+import kotlinx.io.asInputStream
 import org.antlr.v4.kotlinruntime.CharStreams
 import org.hl7.cql.model.NamespaceInfo
 import org.hl7.elm.r1.Library
@@ -20,6 +22,10 @@ class CqlCompiler(
         libraryManager: LibraryManager
     ) : this(namespaceInfo, null, libraryManager)
 
+    override fun run(source: Source): Library? {
+        return run(CharStreams.fromStream(source.asInputStream()))
+    }
+
     @Throws(IOException::class)
     fun run(cqlFile: File): Library? {
         return run(CharStreams.fromStream(FileInputStream(cqlFile)))
diff --git a/Src/java/cql-to-elm/src/jvmMain/kotlin/org/cqframework/cql/cql2elm/LibraryManagerJvm.kt b/Src/java/cql-to-elm/src/jvmMain/kotlin/org/cqframework/cql/cql2elm/LibraryManagerJvm.kt
index fcdbaecc3..9af5c152c 100644
--- a/Src/java/cql-to-elm/src/jvmMain/kotlin/org/cqframework/cql/cql2elm/LibraryManagerJvm.kt
+++ b/Src/java/cql-to-elm/src/jvmMain/kotlin/org/cqframework/cql/cql2elm/LibraryManagerJvm.kt
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 package org.cqframework.cql.cql2elm
 
 import org.cqframework.cql.cql2elm.model.CompiledLibrary
-import org.cqframework.cql.cql2elm.ucum.getUcumService
+import org.cqframework.cql.cql2elm.ucum.lazyUcumService
 import org.hl7.elm.r1.VersionedIdentifier
 import kotlin.jvm.JvmOverloads
 
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ constructor(
     modelManager,
     modelManager.namespaceManager,
     PriorityLibrarySourceLoader(),
-    getUcumService(),
+    lazyUcumService,
     cqlCompilerOptions,
     libraryCache
 ) {
diff --git a/Src/java/cql-to-elm/src/jvmMain/kotlin/org/cqframework/cql/cql2elm/ucum/UcumService.kt b/Src/java/cql-to-elm/src/jvmMain/kotlin/org/cqframework/cql/cql2elm/ucum/UcumService.kt
index 4fa3f29e4..23b991e8b 100644
--- a/Src/java/cql-to-elm/src/jvmMain/kotlin/org/cqframework/cql/cql2elm/ucum/UcumService.kt
+++ b/Src/java/cql-to-elm/src/jvmMain/kotlin/org/cqframework/cql/cql2elm/ucum/UcumService.kt
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@ package org.cqframework.cql.cql2elm.ucum
 
 import java.util.*
 
-fun getUcumService(): UcumService {
-    return ServiceLoader.load(UcumService::class.java).firstOrNull()
+val lazyUcumService = lazy {
+    ServiceLoader.load(UcumService::class.java).firstOrNull()
         ?: error(
             """No UCUM service implementation found. 
                    Please ensure a UCUM service implementation is available on the classpath.
diff --git a/Src/java/elm-xmlutil/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/cqframework/cql/elm/serializing/xmlutil/ElmXmlLibraryReader.kt b/Src/java/elm-xmlutil/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/cqframework/cql/elm/serializing/xmlutil/ElmXmlLibraryReader.kt
index 497343cd5..0cb9c6cc7 100644
--- a/Src/java/elm-xmlutil/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/cqframework/cql/elm/serializing/xmlutil/ElmXmlLibraryReader.kt
+++ b/Src/java/elm-xmlutil/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/cqframework/cql/elm/serializing/xmlutil/ElmXmlLibraryReader.kt
@@ -1,17 +1,10 @@
-@file:Suppress("detekt:all")
-
 package org.cqframework.cql.elm.serializing.xmlutil
 
 import kotlinx.io.Source
-import kotlinx.io.readString
 import org.cqframework.cql.elm.serializing.ElmLibraryReader
 import org.hl7.elm.r1.Library
 
-class ElmXmlLibraryReader : ElmLibraryReader {
-    override fun read(string: String): Library {
-        return xml.decodeFromString(Library.serializer(), string)
-    }
-    override fun read(source: Source): Library {
-        return read(source.readString())
-    }
+expect class ElmXmlLibraryReader() : ElmLibraryReader {
+    override fun read(string: String): Library
+    override fun read(source: Source): Library
 }
diff --git a/Src/java/elm-xmlutil/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/cqframework/cql/elm/serializing/xmlutil/ElmXmlLibraryWriter.kt b/Src/java/elm-xmlutil/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/cqframework/cql/elm/serializing/xmlutil/ElmXmlLibraryWriter.kt
index fa8c21395..4f793c093 100644
--- a/Src/java/elm-xmlutil/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/cqframework/cql/elm/serializing/xmlutil/ElmXmlLibraryWriter.kt
+++ b/Src/java/elm-xmlutil/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/cqframework/cql/elm/serializing/xmlutil/ElmXmlLibraryWriter.kt
@@ -1,16 +1,10 @@
 package org.cqframework.cql.elm.serializing.xmlutil
 
 import kotlinx.io.Sink
-import kotlinx.io.writeString
 import org.cqframework.cql.elm.serializing.ElmLibraryWriter
 import org.hl7.elm.r1.Library
 
-class ElmXmlLibraryWriter : ElmLibraryWriter {
-    override fun write(library: Library, sink: Sink) {
-        sink.writeString(writeAsString(library))
-    }
-
-    override fun writeAsString(library: Library): String {
-        return xml.encodeToString(Library.serializer(), library)
-    }
+expect class ElmXmlLibraryWriter() : ElmLibraryWriter {
+    override fun write(library: Library, sink: Sink)
+    override fun writeAsString(library: Library): String
 }
diff --git a/Src/java/elm-xmlutil/src/jsMain/kotlin/org/cqframework/cql/elm/serializing/xmlutil/ElmXmlLibraryReaderJs.kt b/Src/java/elm-xmlutil/src/jsMain/kotlin/org/cqframework/cql/elm/serializing/xmlutil/ElmXmlLibraryReaderJs.kt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..867d98a31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Src/java/elm-xmlutil/src/jsMain/kotlin/org/cqframework/cql/elm/serializing/xmlutil/ElmXmlLibraryReaderJs.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+package org.cqframework.cql.elm.serializing.xmlutil
+
+import kotlinx.io.Source
+import kotlinx.io.readString
+import org.cqframework.cql.elm.serializing.ElmLibraryReader
+import org.hl7.elm.r1.Library
+
+actual class ElmXmlLibraryReader actual constructor() : ElmLibraryReader {
+    actual override fun read(string: String): Library {
+        return xml.decodeFromString(Library.serializer(), string)
+    }
+    actual override fun read(source: Source): Library {
+        return read(source.readString())
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Src/java/elm-xmlutil/src/jsMain/kotlin/org/cqframework/cql/elm/serializing/xmlutil/ElmXmlLibraryWriterJs.kt b/Src/java/elm-xmlutil/src/jsMain/kotlin/org/cqframework/cql/elm/serializing/xmlutil/ElmXmlLibraryWriterJs.kt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..38cb49aaa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Src/java/elm-xmlutil/src/jsMain/kotlin/org/cqframework/cql/elm/serializing/xmlutil/ElmXmlLibraryWriterJs.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+package org.cqframework.cql.elm.serializing.xmlutil
+
+import kotlinx.io.Sink
+import kotlinx.io.writeString
+import org.cqframework.cql.elm.serializing.ElmLibraryWriter
+import org.hl7.elm.r1.Library
+
+actual class ElmXmlLibraryWriter actual constructor() : ElmLibraryWriter {
+    actual override fun write(library: Library, sink: Sink) {
+        sink.writeString(writeAsString(library))
+    }
+    actual override fun writeAsString(library: Library): String {
+        return xml.encodeToString(Library.serializer(), library)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Src/java/elm-xmlutil/src/jvmMain/kotlin/org/cqframework/cql/elm/serializing/xmlutil/ElmXmlLibraryReaderJvm.kt b/Src/java/elm-xmlutil/src/jvmMain/kotlin/org/cqframework/cql/elm/serializing/xmlutil/ElmXmlLibraryReaderJvm.kt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..541ce3935
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Src/java/elm-xmlutil/src/jvmMain/kotlin/org/cqframework/cql/elm/serializing/xmlutil/ElmXmlLibraryReaderJvm.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+package org.cqframework.cql.elm.serializing.xmlutil
+
+import kotlinx.io.Source
+import kotlinx.io.asInputStream
+import nl.adaptivity.xmlutil.newGenericReader
+import nl.adaptivity.xmlutil.xmlStreaming
+import org.cqframework.cql.elm.serializing.ElmLibraryReader
+import org.hl7.elm.r1.Library
+
+actual class ElmXmlLibraryReader actual constructor() : ElmLibraryReader {
+    actual override fun read(string: String): Library {
+        return xml.decodeFromString(Library.serializer(), string)
+    }
+    actual override fun read(source: Source): Library {
+        return xml.decodeFromReader(
+            Library.serializer(),
+            xmlStreaming.newGenericReader(source.asInputStream())
+        )
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Src/java/elm-xmlutil/src/jvmMain/kotlin/org/cqframework/cql/elm/serializing/xmlutil/ElmXmlLibraryWriterJvm.kt b/Src/java/elm-xmlutil/src/jvmMain/kotlin/org/cqframework/cql/elm/serializing/xmlutil/ElmXmlLibraryWriterJvm.kt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4d82df7f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Src/java/elm-xmlutil/src/jvmMain/kotlin/org/cqframework/cql/elm/serializing/xmlutil/ElmXmlLibraryWriterJvm.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+package org.cqframework.cql.elm.serializing.xmlutil
+
+import kotlinx.io.Sink
+import kotlinx.io.asOutputStream
+import nl.adaptivity.xmlutil.core.impl.newWriter
+import nl.adaptivity.xmlutil.xmlStreaming
+import org.cqframework.cql.elm.serializing.ElmLibraryWriter
+import org.hl7.elm.r1.Library
+
+actual class ElmXmlLibraryWriter actual constructor() : ElmLibraryWriter {
+    actual override fun write(library: Library, sink: Sink) {
+        xml.encodeToWriter(
+            xmlStreaming.newWriter(sink.asOutputStream(), "UTF-8"),
+            Library.serializer(),
+            library
+        )
+    }
+    actual override fun writeAsString(library: Library): String {
+        return xml.encodeToString(Library.serializer(), library)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Src/java/model-xmlutil/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/hl7/elm_modelinfo/r1/serializing/xmlutil/XmlModelInfoReader.kt b/Src/java/model-xmlutil/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/hl7/elm_modelinfo/r1/serializing/xmlutil/XmlModelInfoReader.kt
index a93285e7c..680cf5eb2 100644
--- a/Src/java/model-xmlutil/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/hl7/elm_modelinfo/r1/serializing/xmlutil/XmlModelInfoReader.kt
+++ b/Src/java/model-xmlutil/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/hl7/elm_modelinfo/r1/serializing/xmlutil/XmlModelInfoReader.kt
@@ -1,21 +1,13 @@
 package org.hl7.elm_modelinfo.r1.serializing.xmlutil
 
 import kotlinx.io.Source
-import kotlinx.io.readString
 import nl.adaptivity.xmlutil.serialization.XML
 import org.hl7.elm_modelinfo.r1.ModelInfo
 import org.hl7.elm_modelinfo.r1.serializing.ModelInfoReader
 
-private val xml = XML(org.hl7.elm_modelinfo.r1.serializersModule)
+internal val xml = XML(org.hl7.elm_modelinfo.r1.serializersModule)
 
-class XmlModelInfoReader : ModelInfoReader {
-    override fun read(string: String): ModelInfo {
-        return xml.decodeFromString(
-            ModelInfo.serializer(),
-            string
-        )
-    }
-    override fun read(source: Source): ModelInfo {
-        return read(source.readString())
-    }
+expect class XmlModelInfoReader() : ModelInfoReader {
+    override fun read(string: String): ModelInfo
+    override fun read(source: Source): ModelInfo
 }
diff --git a/Src/java/model-xmlutil/src/jsMain/kotlin/org/hl7/elm_modelinfo/r1/serializing/xmlutil/XmlModelInfoReaderJs.kt b/Src/java/model-xmlutil/src/jsMain/kotlin/org/hl7/elm_modelinfo/r1/serializing/xmlutil/XmlModelInfoReaderJs.kt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6cec084a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Src/java/model-xmlutil/src/jsMain/kotlin/org/hl7/elm_modelinfo/r1/serializing/xmlutil/XmlModelInfoReaderJs.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+package org.hl7.elm_modelinfo.r1.serializing.xmlutil
+
+import kotlinx.io.Source
+import kotlinx.io.readString
+import org.hl7.elm_modelinfo.r1.ModelInfo
+import org.hl7.elm_modelinfo.r1.serializing.ModelInfoReader
+
+actual class XmlModelInfoReader actual constructor() : ModelInfoReader {
+    actual override fun read(string: String): ModelInfo {
+        return xml.decodeFromString(
+            ModelInfo.serializer(),
+            string
+        )
+    }
+    actual override fun read(source: Source): ModelInfo {
+        return read(source.readString())
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Src/java/model-xmlutil/src/jvmMain/kotlin/org/hl7/elm_modelinfo/r1/serializing/xmlutil/XmlModelInfoReaderJvm.kt b/Src/java/model-xmlutil/src/jvmMain/kotlin/org/hl7/elm_modelinfo/r1/serializing/xmlutil/XmlModelInfoReaderJvm.kt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..85b2884fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Src/java/model-xmlutil/src/jvmMain/kotlin/org/hl7/elm_modelinfo/r1/serializing/xmlutil/XmlModelInfoReaderJvm.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+package org.hl7.elm_modelinfo.r1.serializing.xmlutil
+
+import kotlinx.io.Source
+import kotlinx.io.asInputStream
+import nl.adaptivity.xmlutil.newGenericReader
+import nl.adaptivity.xmlutil.xmlStreaming
+import org.hl7.elm_modelinfo.r1.ModelInfo
+import org.hl7.elm_modelinfo.r1.serializing.ModelInfoReader
+
+actual class XmlModelInfoReader actual constructor() : ModelInfoReader {
+    actual override fun read(string: String): ModelInfo {
+        return xml.decodeFromString(
+            ModelInfo.serializer(),
+            string
+        )
+    }
+    actual override fun read(source: Source): ModelInfo {
+        return xml.decodeFromReader(
+            ModelInfo.serializer(),
+            xmlStreaming.newGenericReader(source.asInputStream())
+        )
+    }
+}