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Lua 5.1 Reference Manual
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- This is an online version of
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+ The reference manual is the official definition of the Lua language.
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+ For a complete introduction to Lua programming, see the book
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+ < A HREF ="http://www.lua.org/docs.html#pil "> Programming in Lua</ A > .
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+
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+ This manual is also available as a book:
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< BLOCKQUOTE >
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< A HREF ="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/8590379833/lua-indexmanual-20 ">
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< IMG SRC ="cover.png " ALT ="" TITLE ="buy from Amazon " BORDER =1 ALIGN ="left " HSPACE =12 >
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< BR > by R. Ierusalimschy, L. H. de Figueiredo, W. Celes
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< BR > Lua.org, August 2006
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< BR > ISBN 85-903798-3-3
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< BR CLEAR ="all ">
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</ BLOCKQUOTE >
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- < P >
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- Buy a copy of this book and
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+ < A HREF ="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/8590379833/lua-indexmanual-20 "> Buy a copy</ A >
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+ of this book and
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< A HREF ="http://www.lua.org/donations.html "> help to support</ A >
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the Lua project.
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- < P >
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- The reference manual is the official definition of the Lua language.
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- For a complete introduction to Lua programming, see the book
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- < A HREF ="http://www.lua.org/docs.html#books "> Programming in Lua</ A > .
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< P >
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-
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< A HREF ="manual.html "> start</ A >
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·
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< A HREF ="#contents "> contents</ A >
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·
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< A HREF ="#index "> index</ A >
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·
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- < A HREF ="http://www.lua.org/manual/5.1/pt/ "> português</ A >
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- ·
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- < A HREF ="http://www.lua.org/manual/5.1/es/ "> español</ A >
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+ < A HREF ="http://www.lua.org/manual/ "> other versions</ A >
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< HR >
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< SMALL >
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- Copyright © 2006-2008 Lua.org, PUC-Rio.
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+ Copyright © 2006–2012 Lua.org, PUC-Rio.
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Freely available under the terms of the
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- < a href ="http://www.lua.org/license.html#5 "> Lua license</ a > .
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+ < A HREF ="http://www.lua.org/license.html "> Lua license</ A > .
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</ SMALL >
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- < P >
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< H2 > < A NAME ="contents "> Contents</ A > </ H2 >
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< UL style ="padding: 0 ">
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- < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html "> 1 - Introduction</ A >
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+ < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html "> 1 – Introduction</ A >
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< P >
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- < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#2 "> 2 - The Language</ A >
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+ < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#2 "> 2 – The Language</ A >
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< UL >
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- < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#2.1 "> 2.1 - Lexical Conventions</ A >
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- < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#2.2 "> 2.2 - Values and Types</ A >
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+ < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#2.1 "> 2.1 – Lexical Conventions</ A >
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+ < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#2.2 "> 2.2 – Values and Types</ A >
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< UL >
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- < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#2.2.1 "> 2.2.1 - Coercion</ A >
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+ < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#2.2.1 "> 2.2.1 – Coercion</ A >
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</ UL >
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- < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#2.3 "> 2.3 - Variables</ A >
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- < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#2.4 "> 2.4 - Statements</ A >
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+ < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#2.3 "> 2.3 – Variables</ A >
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+ < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#2.4 "> 2.4 – Statements</ A >
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< UL >
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- < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#2.4.1 "> 2.4.1 - Chunks</ A >
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- < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#2.4.2 "> 2.4.2 - Blocks</ A >
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- < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#2.4.3 "> 2.4.3 - Assignment</ A >
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- < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#2.4.4 "> 2.4.4 - Control Structures</ A >
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- < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#2.4.5 "> 2.4.5 - For Statement</ A >
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- < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#2.4.6 "> 2.4.6 - Function Calls as Statements</ A >
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- < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#2.4.7 "> 2.4.7 - Local Declarations</ A >
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+ < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#2.4.1 "> 2.4.1 – Chunks</ A >
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+ < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#2.4.2 "> 2.4.2 – Blocks</ A >
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+ < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#2.4.3 "> 2.4.3 – Assignment</ A >
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+ < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#2.4.4 "> 2.4.4 – Control Structures</ A >
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+ < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#2.4.5 "> 2.4.5 – For Statement</ A >
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+ < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#2.4.6 "> 2.4.6 – Function Calls as Statements</ A >
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+ < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#2.4.7 "> 2.4.7 – Local Declarations</ A >
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</ UL >
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- < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#2.5 "> 2.5 - Expressions</ A >
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+ < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#2.5 "> 2.5 – Expressions</ A >
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< UL >
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- < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#2.5.1 "> 2.5.1 - Arithmetic Operators</ A >
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- < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#2.5.2 "> 2.5.2 - Relational Operators</ A >
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- < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#2.5.3 "> 2.5.3 - Logical Operators</ A >
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- < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#2.5.4 "> 2.5.4 - Concatenation</ A >
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- < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#2.5.5 "> 2.5.5 - The Length Operator</ A >
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- < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#2.5.6 "> 2.5.6 - Precedence</ A >
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- < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#2.5.7 "> 2.5.7 - Table Constructors</ A >
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- < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#2.5.8 "> 2.5.8 - Function Calls</ A >
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- < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#2.5.9 "> 2.5.9 - Function Definitions</ A >
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+ < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#2.5.1 "> 2.5.1 – Arithmetic Operators</ A >
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+ < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#2.5.2 "> 2.5.2 – Relational Operators</ A >
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+ < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#2.5.3 "> 2.5.3 – Logical Operators</ A >
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+ < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#2.5.4 "> 2.5.4 – Concatenation</ A >
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+ < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#2.5.5 "> 2.5.5 – The Length Operator</ A >
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+ < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#2.5.6 "> 2.5.6 – Precedence</ A >
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+ < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#2.5.7 "> 2.5.7 – Table Constructors</ A >
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+ < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#2.5.8 "> 2.5.8 – Function Calls</ A >
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+ < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#2.5.9 "> 2.5.9 – Function Definitions</ A >
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- < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#2.6 "> 2.6 - Visibility Rules</ A >
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- < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#2.7 "> 2.7 - Error Handling</ A >
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- < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#2.8 "> 2.8 - Metatables</ A >
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- < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#2.9 "> 2.9 - Environments</ A >
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- < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#2.10 "> 2.10 - Garbage Collection</ A >
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+ < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#2.7 "> 2.7 – Error Handling</ A >
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+ < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#2.8 "> 2.8 – Metatables</ A >
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+ < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#2.9 "> 2.9 – Environments</ A >
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+ < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#2.10 "> 2.10 – Garbage Collection</ A >
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- < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#2.10.1 "> 2.10.1 - Garbage-Collection Metamethods</ A >
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- < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#2.10.2 "> 2.10.2 - Weak Tables</ A >
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+ < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#2.10.1 "> 2.10.1 – Garbage-Collection Metamethods</ A >
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+ < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#2.10.2 "> 2.10.2 – Weak Tables</ A >
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</ UL >
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- < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#2.11 "> 2.11 - Coroutines</ A >
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< P >
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- < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#3 "> 3 - The Application Program Interface</ A >
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< UL >
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- < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#3.1 "> 3.1 - The Stack</ A >
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- < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#3.2 "> 3.2 - Stack Size</ A >
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- < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#3.3 "> 3.3 - Pseudo-Indices</ A >
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- < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#3.4 "> 3.4 - C Closures</ A >
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- < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#3.5 "> 3.5 - Registry</ A >
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- < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#3.6 "> 3.6 - Error Handling in C</ A >
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- < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#3.7 "> 3.7 - Functions and Types</ A >
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- < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#3.8 "> 3.8 - The Debug Interface</ A >
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+ < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#3.1 "> 3.1 – The Stack</ A >
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+ < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#3.2 "> 3.2 – Stack Size</ A >
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+ < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#3.3 "> 3.3 – Pseudo-Indices</ A >
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+ < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#3.4 "> 3.4 – C Closures</ A >
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+ < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#3.5 "> 3.5 – Registry</ A >
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+ < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#3.6 "> 3.6 – Error Handling in C</ A >
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+ < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#3.7 "> 3.7 – Functions and Types</ A >
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+ < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#3.8 "> 3.8 – The Debug Interface</ A >
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</ UL >
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< P >
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- < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#4 "> 4 - The Auxiliary Library</ A >
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- < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#5 "> 5 - Standard Libraries</ A >
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< UL >
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- < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#5.1 "> 5.1 - Basic Functions</ A >
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- < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#5.2 "> 5.2 - Coroutine Manipulation</ A >
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- < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#5.3 "> 5.3 - Modules</ A >
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- < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#5.4 "> 5.4 - String Manipulation</ A >
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+ < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#5.2 "> 5.2 – Coroutine Manipulation</ A >
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+ < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#5.3 "> 5.3 – Modules</ A >
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+ < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#5.4 "> 5.4 – String Manipulation</ A >
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< UL >
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</ UL >
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- < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#5.5 "> 5.5 - Table Manipulation</ A >
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- < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#5.6 "> 5.6 - Mathematical Functions</ A >
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- < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#5.7 "> 5.7 - Input and Output Facilities</ A >
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- < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#5.8 "> 5.8 - Operating System Facilities</ A >
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- < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#5.9 "> 5.9 - The Debug Library</ A >
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+ < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#5.5 "> 5.5 – Table Manipulation</ A >
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+ < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#5.6 "> 5.6 – Mathematical Functions</ A >
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+ < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#5.7 "> 5.7 – Input and Output Facilities</ A >
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+ < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#5.8 "> 5.8 – Operating System Facilities</ A >
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+ < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#5.9 "> 5.9 – The Debug Library</ A >
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- < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#6 "> 6 - Lua Stand-alone</ A >
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- < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#7 "> 7 - Incompatibilities with the Previous Version</ A >
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< UL >
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- < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#7.1 "> 7.1 - Changes in the Language</ A >
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- < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#7.2 "> 7.2 - Changes in the Libraries</ A >
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- < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#7.3 "> 7.3 - Changes in the API</ A >
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+ < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#7.1 "> 7.1 – Changes in the Language</ A >
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+ < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#7.2 "> 7.2 – Changes in the Libraries</ A >
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+ < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#7.3 "> 7.3 – Changes in the API</ A >
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- < LI > < A HREF ="manual.html#8 "> 8 - The Complete Syntax of Lua</ A >
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</ UL >
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< H2 > < A NAME ="index "> Index</ A > </ H2 >
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< H3 > < A NAME ="functions "> Lua functions</ A > </ H3 >
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< A HREF ="manual.html#pdf-_G "> _G</ A > < BR >
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< A HREF ="manual.html#pdf-_VERSION "> _VERSION</ A > < BR >
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< A HREF ="manual.html#pdf-assert "> assert</ A > < BR >
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< A HREF ="manual.html#pdf-collectgarbage "> collectgarbage</ A > < BR >
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< A HREF ="manual.html#pdf-dofile "> dofile</ A > < BR >
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Last update:
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- Sat Jan 19 13:24:29 BRST 2008
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+ Mon Feb 13 18:53:32 BRST 2012
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