linux-ext-app.md

Linux applications

useful links:

• gnu applications
• how to install ubuntu on USB stick
• rust command line tools
• vnc alternative - connect to existing session
• web page like a screensaver
• jira editing shortcuts
• i3 window manager shortcuts
• xmind settings

XMind.ini: -vm /home/user/.sdkman/candidates/java/8.0.222-zulu/bin/java

• awesome windows manager, battery widget

echo $XDG_CONFIG_DIRS
locate rc.lua

• rainbow cursor

# place for mouse pointer, cursor, theme
/usr/share/icons

gnome settings

gnome settings editor

sudo apt install dconf-editor

examples of suppressing: monitor mode switch, show desktop

dconf-editor
# /org/gnome/mutter/keybindings/switch-monitor
# /org/gnome/desktop/wm/keybindings/show-desktop

manually can be achieved via

~/.local/share/gnome-shell/extensions/<extension-identifier>/prefs.js
~/.local/share/gnome-shell/extensions/<extension-identifier>/settings.js

gnome list of settings

# all gnome settings
gsettings list-recursively 
# one settings
org.gnome.desktop.background picture-uri

reset Gnome to default

rm -rf .gnome .gnome2 .gconf .gconfd .metacity .cache .dbus .dmrc .mission-control .thumbnails ~/.config/dconf/user ~.compiz*

restart Gnome shell

alt-F2 r

gnome application icon

ls /usr/share/applications/*.desktop
cat /usr/share/applications/usb-creator-gtk.desktop

adjust Gnome desktop shortcuts, gnome shortcuts

dconf-editor

gnome keybinding

/org/gnome/desktop/wm/keybindings

save/restore

# dconf dump /org/gnome/desktop/wm/keybindings/ > org_gnome_desktop_wm_keybindings
dconf dump /org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom0/ > org_gnome_settings-daemon_plugins_media-keys_custom-keybindings_custom0

# dconf load /org/gnome/desktop/wm/keybindings/ < org_gnome_desktop_wm_keybindings
dconf load /org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/custom0/ < org_gnome_settings-daemon_plugins_media-keys_custom-keybindings_custom0

alternative way to get/set settings

gsettings list-schemas
gsettings list-keys org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings
gsettings get org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings close
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings close "['<Super>w']"

find shortcuts in the settings

## for suppressing Super + P 
gsettings list-recursively | grep "<Super>p"

# UI tool: dconf-editor
gsettings set org.gnome.mutter.keybindings switch-monitor "['XF86Display']"
gsettings set org.gnome.mutter.keybindings switch-monitor "['']"

gsettings reset org.gnome.mutter.keybindings switch-monitor

custom shortcuts script for finding and activating window

#!/bin/bash
values=`xdotool search --name 'Visual Studio Code'`
# xdotool getwindowname 75497476
if [[ $? > 0 ]]; then
		  /usr/bin/code &> /dev/null &
	else
    xdotool windowactivate `echo $values | grep '' | awk '{print $1}' | head -n 1`
fi

gnome extension manual installation, gnome ext folder

install gnome extension

gnome-shell --version
path_to_extension=~/Downloads/switcherlandau.fi.v28.shell-extension.zip

plugin_uuid=`unzip -c $path_to_extension metadata.json | grep uuid | cut -d \" -f4`
plugin_dir="$HOME/.local/share/gnome-shell/extensions/$plugin_uuid"
mkdir -p $plugin_dir
unzip -q $path_to_extension -d $plugin_dir/
sudo systemctl restart gdm

delete gnome extension

path_to_extension=~/Downloads/gsconnectandyholmes.github.io.v53.shell-extension.zip

plugin_uuid=`unzip -c $path_to_extension metadata.json | grep uuid | cut -d \" -f4`
if [[ -n $plugin_uuid ]]; then
    plugin_dir="$HOME/.local/share/gnome-shell/extensions/$plugin_uuid"
    rm -rf $plugin_dir
    sudo systemctl restart gdm
else
    echo "plugin folder was not found"
fi

gnome keyring

raise InitError("Failed to unlock the collection!")

# kill all "keyring-daemon" sessions
# clean up all previous runs
rm ~/.local/share/keyrings/*
ls -la ~/.local/share/keyrings/

dbus-run-session -- bash
gnome-keyring-daemon --unlock
# type your password, <enter> <Ctrl-D>
keyring set cc.user cherkavi
keyring get cc.user cherkavi

keyring reset password

PATH_TO_KEYRING_STORAGE=~/.local/share/keyrings/login.keyring 
mv $PATH_TO_KEYRING_STORAGE "${PATH_TO_KEYRING_STORAGE}-original"
# go to applications->passwords and keys-> "menu:back" -> "menu:passwords"

gnome launch via ssh

ssh -Y remoteuser@remotehost dbus-launch -f gedit
ssh -X remoteuser@remotehost dbus-launch gnome-terminal

certification

Generating a RSA private key

openssl req -new \
-newkey rsa:2048 \
-nodes -out cherkavideveloper.csr \
-keyout cherkavideveloper.key \
-subj "/C=DE/ST=Bavaria/L=München/O=cherkavi/CN=cherkavi developer" \
# scp -i $AWS_KEY_PAIR cherkavideveloper.csr [email protected]:~/
# scp -i $AWS_KEY_PAIR cherkavideveloper.key [email protected]:~/

openssl req -x509 \
-days 365 \
-newkey rsa:2048 \
-nodes -out cherkavideveloper.pem \
-keyout cherkavideveloper.pem \
-subj "/C=DE/ST=Bavaria/L=München/O=cherkavi/CN=cherkavi developer"

console browsers

• sudo apt install w3m
• sudo apt install linx
• https://brow.sh/downloads
• elinks
• sudo apt install links
• sudo apt install links2

online http test

• https://webhook.site/
• https://httpbin.org/

local http server http test server

nc -kdl localhost 8000
# Sample request maker on another shell:
wget http://localhost:8000

npm -g install http-server
http-server

Utilities

• web-based terminal, terminal window in browser
• automation for browsers, automate repited actions: iMacros
• md2html, markdown to html

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y python3-sphinx
pip3 install recommonmark sphinx-markdown-tables --user
sphinx-build "/path/to/source" "/path/to/build" .

• keepass

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:jtaylor/keepass
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install keepass2

keepassxc-cli

• https://www.mankier.com/1/keepassxc-cli
• https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/KeePassXC/cli

## set key file instead of password
KEEPASS_KEY=/home/projects/keepass.keyx
# create key file: openssl rand -out $KEEPASS_KEY 256
ll $KEEPASS_KEY
# set key file 
keepassxc-cli db-edit --set-key-file  $KEEPASS_KEY  $KEEPASS_FILE 
# check key file with entering password
keepassxc-cli ls --key-file $KEEPASS_KEY $KEEPASS_FILE 
# unset password 
keepassxc-cli db-edit --key-file $KEEPASS_KEY  $KEEPASS_FILE  --unset-password
keepassxc-cli ls --key-file $KEEPASS_KEY $KEEPASS_FILE --no-password

# unset key file 
# keepassxc-cli db-edit --unset-key-file  $KEEPASS_KEY  $KEEPASS_FILE 


# get password
keepassxc-cli show -s -k $KEEPASS_KEY $KEEPASS_FILE  'Client1/Order Value'  --no-password

• vnc
• vnc installation

sudo apt install xfce4
sudo apt install tightvncserver
# only for specific purposes
sudo apt install x11vnc

• ~/.vnc/xstartup, file for starting vncserver chmod +x ~/.vnc/xstartup

#!/bin/sh

# Fix to make GNOME and GTK stuff work
export XKL_XMODMAP_DISABLE=1
unset SESSION_MANAGER
unset DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS
startxfce4 &

[ -x /etc/vnc/xstartup ] && exec /etc/vnc/xstartup
[ -r $HOME/.Xresources ] && xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
xsetroot -solid grey
vncconfig -iconic &

• vnc commands

# start server
vncserver -geometry 1920x1080
# full command, $DISPLAY can be ommited in favoud to use "next free screen"
vncserver $DISPLAY -rfbport 5903 -desktop X -auth /home/qqtavt1/.Xauthority -geometry 1920x1080 -depth 24 -rfbwait 120000 -rfbauth /home/qqtavt1/.vnc/passwd  -fp /usr/share/fonts/X11/misc,/usr/share/fonts/X11/Type1 -co /etc/X11/rgb

## Couldn't start Xtightvnc; trying default font path.
## Please set correct fontPath in the vncserver script.
## Couldn't start Xtightvnc process.

# start server with new monitor
vncserver -geometry 1920x1080 -fp "/usr/share/fonts/X11/misc,/usr/share/fonts/X11/Type1,built-ins"

# check started
ps aux | grep vnc
# kill server
vncserver -kill :1

• vnc start, x11vnc start, connect to existing display, vnc for existing display

#export DISPLAY=:0
#Xvfb $DISPLAY -screen 0 1920x1080x16 &
#Xvfb $DISPLAY -screen 0 1920x1080x24 # not more that 24 bit for color

#startxfce4 --display=$DISPLAY &

# sleep 1
x11vnc -quiet -localhost -viewonly -nopw -bg -noxdamage -display $DISPLAY &

# just show current desktop 
x11vnc

• vnc client, vnc viewer, vnc player

# !!! don't use Remmina !!!
sudo apt install xvnc4viewer

• timer, terminal timer, console timer

sudo apt install sox libsox-fmt-mp3
https://github.com/rlue/timer
sudo curl -o /usr/bin/timer https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rlue/timer/master/bin/timer
sudo chmod +x /usr/bin/timer
# set timer for 5 min 
timer 5

vim

vim cheat sheet

vim pipe

echo "hello vim " | vim - -c "set number"

copy-paste

• v - visual selection ( start selection )
• y - yank ( end selection )
• p - paste into position
• u - undo last changes
• ctrl-r - redo last changes

read output of command

:read !ls -la

vim execute selection

1) select text with v-visual mode
2) semicolon
3) w !sh
:'<,'>w !sh

vim plugin

vim plugin managers

• Vundle
• pathogen

file ~/.vimrc should have next content:

if empty(glob('~/.vim/autoload/plug.vim'))
  silent !curl -fLo ~/.vim/autoload/plug.vim --create-dirs
    \ https://raw.githubusercontent.com/junegunn/vim-plug/master/plug.vim
  autocmd VimEnter * PlugInstall --sync | source $MYVIMRC
endif

call plug#begin('~/.vim/plugged')
Plug 'junegunn/seoul256.vim'
Plug 'junegunn/goyo.vim'
Plug 'junegunn/limelight.vim'
Plug 'vim-airline/vim-airline'
Plug 'vim-airline/vim-airline-themes'
" Plug 'andreshazard/vim-logreview'
" Plug 'dstein64/vim-win'

call plug#end()

set laststatus=2
set ignorecase
set smartcase
set number
set nocompatible
filetype on
set incsearch
set hlsearch

or

git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/vim-airline/vim-airline ~/.vim/plugged/vim-airline
git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/dstein64/vim-win ~/.vim/plugged/vim-win

vim anyfile.txt
:PlugInstall

.vim folder example

.vim
├── autoload
│   └── plug.vim
├── colors
│   └── wombat.vim
├── pack
│   └── plugins
└── plugged
    ├── goyo.vim
    ├── lightline.vim
    ├── limelight.vim
    ├── seoul256.vim
    ├── vim-airline
    └── vim-airline-themes

vifm

colorschema

copy to ~/.config/vifm/colors color scheme
:colorscheme <tab>

visual code extensions

## common
codium --install-extension nick-rudenko.back-n-forth
codium --install-extension alefragnani.numbered-bookmarks
codium --install-extension rockingskier.copy-copy-paste
codium --install-extension mksafi.find-jump
codium --install-extension jacobdufault.fuzzy-search
codium --install-extension qcz.text-power-tools
codium --install-extension redhat.vscode-commons
codium --install-extension visualstudioexptteam.vscodeintellicode
codium --install-extension foam.foam-vscode
codium --install-extension devwright.vscode-terminal-capture
# markdown
codium --install-extension tchayen.markdown-links
codium --install-extension kortina.vscode-markdown-notes
codium --install-extension yzhang.markdown-all-in-one
codium --install-extension gera2ld.markmap-vscode
# json
codium --install-extension mohsen1.prettify-json
codium --install-extension vthiery.prettify-selected-json
codium --install-extension richie5um2.vscode-statusbar-json-path

## common-ext
codium --install-extension GitHub.copilot # don't install for pytest
codium --install-extension atlassian.atlascode
codium --install-extension ms-vscode-remote.remote-containers
codium --install-extension ms-vscode-remote.remote-ssh
codium --install-extension ms-vscode-remote.remote-ssh-edit
codium --install-extension liximomo.remotefs

## git
codium --install-extension donjayamanne.githistory
codium --install-extension qezhu.gitlink
codium --install-extension TeamHub.teamhub

## containers
codium --install-extension peterjausovec.vscode-docker
codium --install-extension ms-azuretools.vscode-docker

## shell 
codium --install-extension inu1255.easy-shell
codium --install-extension ryu1kn.edit-with-shell
codium --install-extension ms-toolsai.jupyter-renderers
codium --install-extension devwright.vscode-terminal-capture
codium --install-extension miguel-savignano.terminal-runner
codium --install-extension tyriar.terminal-tabs

## jupyter
codium --install-extension ms-toolsai.jupyter
codium --install-extension ms-toolsai.jupyter-keymap

## java
codium --install-extension vscjava.vscode-java-dependency
codium --install-extension vscjava.vscode-java-pack
codium --install-extension vscjava.vscode-java-test
codium --install-extension redhat.java
codium --install-extension vscjava.vscode-maven
codium --install-extension vscjava.vscode-java-debug

## python
codium --install-extension ms-python.python
codium --install-extension ms-python.vscode-pylance
codium --install-extension ms-pyright.pyright

## scala 
codium --install-extension scala-lang.scala

## sql
codium --install-extension mtxr.sqltools
codium --install-extension mtxr.sqltools-driver-mysql

taskwarrior

task add what I need to do
task add wait:2min  finish call
task waiting
task 25 modify wait:2min
task 25 edit
task 25 delete
task 25 done
task project:'BMW'
task priority:high 
task next

doc:

• https://taskwarrior.org/docs/using_dates.html
• https://taskwarrior.org/docs/durations.html

extension:

• https://github.com/ValiValpas/taskopen installation issue:

sudo cpan JSON

commands:

  task 13 annotate -- ~/checklist.txt
  task 13 annotate https://translate.google.com
  task 13 denotate
  taskopen 1

  # add notes
  task 1 annotate Notes
  taskopen 1

Terminator

plugins

• https://askubuntu.com/questions/700015/set-path-for-terminator-to-lookup-for-plugins
• https://github.com/gstavrinos/terminator-jump-up
• https://github.com/mikeadkison/terminator-google/blob/master/google.py

bluejeans installation ubuntu 18+

# retrieve all html anchors from url, html tags from url
curl -X GET https://www.bluejeans.com/downloads | grep -o '<a .*href=.*>' | sed -e 's/<a /\n<a /g' | sed -e 's/<a .*href=['"'"'"]//' -e 's/["'"'"'].*$//' -e '/^$/ d' | grep rp

sudo alien --to-deb bluejeans-1.37.22.x86_64.rpm 
sudo dpkg -i bluejeans_1.37.22-2_amd64.deb 

sudo apt install libgconf-2-4 
sudo ln -s /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libudev.so.1 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libudev.so.0

sudo ln -s /opt/bluejeans/bluejeans-bin /usr/bin/bluejeans

smb client, samba client

smbclient -U $SAMBA_CLIENT_GROUP//$SAMBA_CLIENT_USER \
//europe.ubs.corp/win_drive/xchange/Zurich/some/folder

i3wm, i3 desktop

custom status bar

config file

vim ~/.config/i3/config

exit from i3 window manager

i3-msg exit
#bindsym $mod+Shift+e exec i3-msg exit

keyboard layout add to config file

exec "setxkbmap -layout us,de"
exec "setxkbmap -option 'grp:alt_shift_toggle'"

icaclient citrix

download receiver

download for linxu

sudo apt remove icaclient

sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386

install dependencies

#sudo apt-get install ia32-libs ia32-libs-i386 libglib2.0-0:i386 libgtk2.0-0:i386
sudo apt-get install libglib2.0-0:i386 libgtk2.0-0:i386
sudo apt-get install gcc-multilib
sudo apt-get install libwebkit-1.0-2:i386 libwebkitgtk-1.0-0:i386
sudo dpkg --install icaclient_13.10.0.20_amd64.deb

mc color, midnight commander

file:~/.mc/ini

[Colors]
base_color=normal=brightgray,black:marked=brightcyan,black:selected=black,lightgray:directory=white,black:errors=red,black:executable=brightgreen,black:link=brightblue,black:stalelink=red,black:device=brightmagenta,black:special=brightcyan,black:core=lightgray,black:menu=white,black:menuhot=brightgreen,black:menusel=black,white:editnormal=brightgray,black:editmarked=black,brightgreen:editbold=brightred,cyan

mc --nocolor

install ssh server, start ssh server, server ssh

# sudo apt install openssh-server
sudo apt install ssh

sudo service ssh start

# sudo systemsctl status ssh
sudo service ssh status

# firewall ubuntu
sudo ufw allow ssh

# configuration
sudo vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config

for enabling/disabling password using

PasswordAuthentication yes

ssh server without password ssh with rsa

1. copy public key

# ssh-keygen -b 4096
cat $USER/.ssh/id_rsa.pub secret_user_rsa.pub

2. to ssh server

# touch ~/.ssh/authorized_keys; chmod 600 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
cat secret_user_rsa.pub >> $USER/.ssh/authorized_keys

3. change config

# sudo vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config
PubkeyAuthentication yes
PasswordAuthentication no
AuthorizedKeysFile .ssh/authorized_keys

4. restart service
5. connect with existing user on remote server ( you can also can specify -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa )

nfs server

nfs install

sudo apt install nfs-kernel-server
systemctl status nfs-server
nfsstat

nfs create mount point

# create point 
sudo mkdir /mnt/disks/k8s-local-storage1
# mount 
sudo mount /dev/sdc /mnt/disks/k8s-local-storage1
sudo chmod 755 /mnt/disks/k8s-local-storage1
# createlink 
sudo ln -s /mnt/disks/k8s-local-storage1/nfs nfs1

# update storage
sudo cat /etc/exports
# /mnt/disks/k8s-local-storage1/nfs       10.55.0.0/16(rw,sync,no_subtree_check)

# restart 
sudo exportfs -a
sudo exportfs -v

nfs parameters

ll /sys/module/nfs/parameters/
ll /sys/module/nfsd/parameters/

remote client for nfs mapping

sudo vim /etc/fstab
# 10.55.0.3:/mnt/disks/k8s-local-storage/nfs /mnt/nfs nfs rw,noauto,x-systemd.automount,x-systemd.device-timeout=10,timeo=14 0 0
# 10.55.0.3:/mnt/disks/k8s-local-storage1/nfs /mnt/nfs1 nfs defaults 0 0

# refresh mapping
sudo mount -av

youtube

• installation
• alternative installation

  chmod +x youtube-dl
  # check your /usr/bin/pyton and fix header in the file otherwise
  sudo mv youtube-dl /usr/bin/

youtube-dl --list-formats https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nhq8e9eE_L8
youtube-dl --format 22 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nhq8e9eE_L8

youtube subtitles

YT_URL=...
youtube-dl --list-subs $YT_URL
YT_LANG=de
# original subtitles
youtube-dl --write-sub --sub-lang $YT_LANG $YT_URL
# autogenerated subtitles
youtube-dl --write-auto-sub --sub-lang $YT_LANG --skip-download $YT_URL

or direct from browser find: https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext...

youtube view counter

VIDEO_URL="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rppjx10EeQo"
curl $VIDEO_URL | hq . | grep interactionCount | awk '{print $2}' | awk -F '=' '{print $2}'

screen video recording, screen recording

# start recording
# add-apt-repository ppa:savoury1/ffmpeg4 && apt update && apt install -y ffmpeg
ffmpeg -y -video_size 1280x1024 -framerate 20 -f x11grab -i :0.0 /output/out.mp4

# stop recording
ps aux | grep ffmpeg | head -n 1 | awk '{print $2}' | xargs kill --signal INT 

video metadata

sudo apt install mediainfo
mediainfo video.mp4
mediainfo -f video.mp4

image format, image size, image information, image metadata

# sudo apt-get install imagemagick
identify -verbose image.png

# https://imagemagick.org/script/escape.php
identify -format "%m" image.png     # format type 
identify -format "%wx%h" image.png  # width x height

image resize, image size, image rotation, image scale

# sudo apt-get install imagemagick
# without distortion
convert marketing.png -resize 100x100 marketing-100-100.png
# mandatory size, image will be distorted
convert marketing.png -resize 100x100 marketing-100-100.png
# rotate and change quality
convert marketing.png -rotate 90 -charcoal 4 -quality 50 marketing.png

# merge pdf files
convert 1.pdf 2.pdf 3.pdf result.pdf
# Error: no image defined
# /etc/ImageMagick-6/policy.xml
# <policy domain="coder" rights="read|write| pattern="PDF" />

image cut image crop

WIDTH=200
HEIGHT=200
X=10
Y=20
convert input.jpg -crop $WIDTHx$HEIGHT+$X+$Y output.jpg

image change color image black and white image monochrome imagemagic

convert $IMAGE_ORIGINAL -monochrome $IMAGE_CONVERTED
convert $IMAGE_ORIGINAL -remap pattern:gray50 $IMAGE_CONVERTED
convert $IMAGE_ORIGINAL -colorspace Gray $IMAGE_CONVERTED
convert $IMAGE_ORIGINAL -channel RGB -negate $IMAGE_CONVERTED

image text recognition ocr, text from image, text recognition

gocr $IMAGE_POST_CONVERTED
# for color image play with parameter 0%-100% beforehand
convert $IMAGE_ORIGINAL -threshold 75% $IMAGE_CONVERTED

get image info image metadata

exiftool my_image.jpg
exif my_image.jpg
identify -verbose my_image.jpg

image remove gps remove metadata cleanup

exiftool -gps:all= *.jpg

image remove all metadata

exiftool -all= *.jpg

image tags

# tags list: https://exiftool.org/TagNames
# sub-elements: https://exiftool.org/TagNames/GPS.html
exiftool -GPS:GPSLongitude *.jpg

exiftool -filename  -gpslatitude -gpslongitude  *.jpg
exiftool -filename  -exif:gpslongitude  *.jpg

top

top hot keys:

• t - change graphical representation
• e - change scale
• z - color
• c - full command
• d - delay
• o - filter ( COMMAND=java )

ngrok

# ngrok install
sudo snap install ngrok
# ngrok setup 
x-www-browser https://dashboard.ngrok.com/get-started/setup
ngrok config add-authtoken aabbccddeeffgg

ngrok config check

x-www-browser https://dashboard.ngrok.com/tunnels/agents

# how to start as a service
# https://github.com/cherkavi/cheat-sheet/blob/master/linux.md#ngrok

stress test memory test

apt update; apt install -y stress

start process with occupying certainly 100 Mb

stress --vm 1 --vm-bytes 100M

boot loader efi

sudo apt install efibootmgr
efibootmgr -v

# boot order, boot descriptions
efibootmgr

## set bootorder
# read
efibootmgr | grep BootOrder
# write 
sudo efibootmgr --bootorder 0002,0000,0004,0007,0003,0006

if you have lost ability to start bootloader from current drive or you can't see anymore normal boot loader

sudo apt install grub-efi
sudo grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot/efi --bootloader-id=GRUB
sudo grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

lsblk
# sda           8:0    0   477G  0 disk 
# ├─sda1        8:1    0   512M  0 part 
# └─sda2        8:2    0 476,4G  0 part /media/qxxxxxx/26d89655-ea1a-4922-9724-9a7a25


DISK_ID=26d89655-ea1a-4922-9724-9a7a25
ls /media/${USER}/${DISK_ID}/boot/efi
sudo mount /dev/sda1 /media/${USER}/${DISK_ID}/boot/efi

sudo grub-install /dev/sda --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/media/${USER}/${DISK_ID}/boot/efi

ls -la /media/${USER}/${DISK_ID}/boot/efi/EFI
# ls -la /media/${USER}/${DISK_ID}/boot/efi/EFI/BOOT
# ls -la /media/${USER}/${DISK_ID}/boot/efi/EFI/ubuntu

mkdir /tmp/bootloader-efi
cp -r /media/${USER}/${DISK_ID}/boot/efi/EFI /tmp/bootloader-efi
ls /tmp/bootloader-efi

DISK_ID=26d89655-ea1a-4922-9724-9a7a25
ls /media/${USER}/${DISK_ID}/boot/efi
# re-attach drive 
sudo cp -r /tmp/bootloader-efi/* /media/${USER}/${DISK_ID}/boot/efi
sudo ls -la /media/${USER}/${DISK_ID}/boot/efi/
# sudo rm -rf /media/${USER}/${DISK_ID}/boot/efi/bootloader-efi

mail url rules mailto

| mailto: |to set the recipient, or recipients, separate with comma | | &cc= |to set the CC recipient(s) | | &bcc= |to set the BCC recipient(s) | | &subject=|to set the email subject, URL encode for longer sentences, so replace spaces with %20, etc. | | &body= |to set the body of the message, you can add entire sentences here, including line breaks. Line breaks should be converted to %0A.|

mail console client

mutt

# aerc; alpine, neomutt
# sudo apt-get install alpine
sudo apt-get install mutt  # For Debian/Ubuntu
mkdir -p ~/.mutt/cache/
mkdir -p "~/.mutt/cache/headers"
mkdir -p "~/.mutt/cache/bodies"

mutt setup pop3

echo "
set pop_host = $POP3_HOST
set pop_user = $POP3_USER
set pop_pass = $POP3_PASS
set pop_port = $POP3_PORT
set from = $POP3_EMAIL
set realname = $POP3_USER_TITLE
" > ~/.muttrc

mutt setup imap

echo "
set imap_user = $IMAP_USER
set imap_pass = $IMAP_PASS
# set imap_port = $IMAP_PORT
set folder = $IMAP_FOLDER # "imaps://imap.example.com/"
set spoolfile = "+INBOX"
set postponed = "+[Gmail]/Drafts"
set header_cache = "~/.mutt/cache/headers"
set message_cachedir = "~/.mutt/cache/bodies"

# Other settings
set from = $IMAP_EMAIL
set realname = $IMAP_TITLE
" > ~/.muttrc
# cat ~/.muttrc

mutt