✨ Allow for setting the gate set for the Clifford synthesis

[pehamTom]

What's the problem this feature will solve?

At the moment the gate set {H, S, I, X, Y, Z, CX} is hardcoded in the Clifford synthesis algorithm. It would be hugely beneficial to make the gate set a configurable parameter.

Describe the solution you'd like

The single-qubit gates are coded into constexpr all over the code. These would have to be made dynamic. Furthermore, the functionality of the gates needs to be declared for all possible single and two-qubit gates. There are quite a few, but there is still a relatively small amount of different rules.

Instead of handling all cases via an enormous switch-statement we could have a LUT that just encodes the columns and the type of column operation for every gate. Since every gate performs a (mixture) of column XORs and swaps on 2 columns, this would probably allow for the most concise formulation.