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Go 相关特性总结
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<h4>GO语言特点</h4>
<ul>
<li>类C语言，语法简单，关键字很少, 只有25个，学习入门很快。</li>
<li>编码风格强制性检测，让GO代码保持一致，易于阅读。</li>
<li>静态语言，但是有动态语言的感觉。比如var定义。</li>
<li>语言层面支持并发。</li>
<li>内置丰富的工具。比如gofmt格式化代码等。</li>
<li>跨平台编译，如果你写的Go代码不包含cgo，那么就可以做到window系统编译linux的应用，如何做到的呢？Go引用了plan9的代码，这就是不依赖系统的信息。</li>
<li>没有类，没有继承。</li>
<li>接口风格是鸭子风格，结构体实现了相关方法就实现了接口，不需要关键字来绑定。 </li>
<li>内置垃圾回收机制。</li>
<li>方法申明显示的指定接收者。</li>
</ul>
<h4>GO垃圾回收机制</h4>
<p>go垃圾回收机制采用三色标记法https://juejin.im/post/5d56b47a5188250541792ede</p>
<h4>接口风格</h4>
<p>下面的file结构体实现了stream接口，可以将file实例赋值给stream接口变量。</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">// 接口申明</span>
<span class="kd">type</span> <span class="nx">stream</span> <span class="kd">interface</span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">s</span> <span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="kt">int</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="kd">type</span> <span class="nx">file</span> <span class="kd">struct</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">name</span> <span class="kt">string</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="kd">func</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">f</span> <span class="nx">file</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="nx">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">s</span> <span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"write data stream: %s"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">s</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">s</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">st</span> <span class="nx">stream</span>
<span class="nx">st</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="nx">file</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="nx">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">"test"</span><span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
<h4>1：不能为结构体字面量直接赋值</h4>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kd">type</span> <span class="nx">Point</span> <span class="kd">struct</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">x</span> <span class="kt">int</span>
<span class="nx">y</span> <span class="kt">int</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="c1">// 错误</span>
<span class="nx">Point</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">}.</span><span class="nx">x</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mi">12</span>
<span class="c1">// 正确</span>
<span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">p</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="nx">Point</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nx">p</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">x</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mi">12</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">p</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
<blockquote>
<p>查看相关文档，总结出来的规律是不能为不能取地址的字面量赋值，因为还没赋值给变量，不能获取相关地址，指向不明确</p>
</blockquote>
<h4>2：map 类型的元素不能直接取地址</h4>
<p><em>官方的解释是元素可能因为 map 大小的改变重新映射，导致地址改变</em></p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kd">type</span> <span class="nx">Point</span> <span class="kd">struct</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">x</span> <span class="kt">int</span>
<span class="nx">y</span> <span class="kt">int</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">l</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="kd">map</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="nx">Point</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="s">"member"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nx">Point</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">},</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="c1">// 错误</span>
<span class="nx">l</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">"member"</span><span class="p">].</span><span class="nx">x</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mi">10</span>
<span class="c1">// 正确</span>
<span class="nx">p</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="nx">l</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">"member"</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="nx">p</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">x</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="mi">12</span>
<span class="nx">l</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">"member"</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="nx">p</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">l</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
<blockquote>
<p>因为 struct 类型的获取，总是会隐式转化为指针访问，随意直接通过 map 元素访问会报错，赋值给变量明确指向</p>
</blockquote>
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<h4>Published</h4>
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